履带起重机臂架有限元简化模型稳定性分析
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摘要
随着工程建设发展的需要,起重机日益向着大型、高耸、轻柔化、格构式方向发展。由于高强度钢材的大量采用,提高了结构强度,却使刚度和稳定性问题日显突出。复杂桁架式结构的稳定性分析成为当代大型起重机结构设计计算的难点。由于履带起重机臂架系统为空间桁架结构,且主臂和副臂轴多有夹角,利用传统的数学模型和力学方法已经很难对其稳定性进行准确的校核。
随着现代力学方法和计算机技术的发展,大型的商用有限元分析软件被引入到起重机的设计计算中。其中ANSYS是应用最为广泛,通用性最好的一款有限元软件,但目前国内外在对ANSYS的应用上,通常按照臂架实际结构进行建模,在臂架较长的情况下或者建立多种长度的臂架模型时,建模工作十分繁琐,耗时耗力。
针对上述存在的现实问题,本文充分分析研究履带起重机桁架臂的结构特点,深入研究臂架系统的有限元模型简化、ANSYS线性屈曲分析及非线性稳定性分析、ANSYS二次开发技术和VB编程技术等,论文的主要研究工作和研究成果具体如下:
(1)分析履带起重机桁架臂的工作原理、结构特点和受力情况,了解已有的建模工作中出现的工作量大、模型不易修改等问题,确定臂架有限元模型简化的必要性和可行性。
(2)研究如何利用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行结构稳定性分析,包括线性屈曲分析和非线性稳定性分析。
(3)根据臂架的整体结构特点,确定桁架臂在ANSYS中的模型简化方案,选择变截面梁单元,对臂架惯性矩进行等效计算,改进臂架各部分铰点的连接方式,并通过比较复杂模型和简化模型的屈曲特征值误差,确定简化方案的正确性。
(4)分析臂架的实际受力特点和线性屈曲分析的不足之处,对有限元简化模型进行非线性稳定性分析,得出臂架变形和受力大小之间的关系曲线。
(5)开发履带起重机臂架稳定性分析系统,该系统封装了稳定性分析所用到的所有ANSYS命令,用户只需输入设计变量值即可,软件会自动调用ANSYS进行批处理分析,并保存计算结果。
With the development demand of construction, the crane is increasingly prone to large-sized, dominant-mountain and with lattice. With enormous use of high-strength steel material, the structure is strengthened, but the problems of structural stiffness and stability inevitablely occurs. So the stability analysis of complicated lattice structure becomes the crux of contemporary and large cranes' structure design and its calculation. Because of the lattice structure of the crane boom system and the angle between the boom and jib, it is very difficult to accurately calculate the overall stability with the traditional math-model and mechanics method.
With the development of modern mechanics methods and computer technology, many practical commercial finite element analysis software were introduced to the crane design calculations. ANSYS as one of the best is used widely. However, at home and abroad, when applying of ANSYS, the establishment of finite model is usually in accordance with the actual structure of the boom system, so that it needs much workload under the condition of long boom or boom with various kinds of length.
To solve the problems mentioned above, the author studies the boom structure, the simple finite element model, ANSYS linear buckling analysis and non-linear stability analysis, the active automation technology and the VB programming. The main research work and achievements are as follows:
(1) Analyzing the working principle, structure characteristics and force condition of crawler cranes' truss boom, which makes we know the workload in modeling is very large and the model is not easy to revise, and so on. So, it's very necessary to simplify the boom finite element model.
(2) Studying how to use the finite element analysis software ANSYS, including linear and nonlinear buckling analysis of the stability.
(3) In accordance the overall boom structure, confirming the model simplifying method, selecting the variable cross-section beam element, calculating equivalent moment of inertia, improving the boom hinge point connection of all parts. To make sure this simplified method be accurate by comparing the result between truss model and simplified model.
(4) Analyzing the actual characteristics of the force and the defects of linear buckling analysis, with the help of which it needs to calculate the stability with the method of nonlinear analysis, and then get the curve of load and deformation.
(5) A special software of crawler crane boom system is developed, which encapsulates all the ANSYS operations, so that the users, being free from burdensome modeling, need only concentrate their attention on design variables. The software will automatically call for ANSYS analysis of the batch and save results.
随着现代力学方法和计算机技术的发展,大型的商用有限元分析软件被引入到起重机的设计计算中。其中ANSYS是应用最为广泛,通用性最好的一款有限元软件,但目前国内外在对ANSYS的应用上,通常按照臂架实际结构进行建模,在臂架较长的情况下或者建立多种长度的臂架模型时,建模工作十分繁琐,耗时耗力。
针对上述存在的现实问题,本文充分分析研究履带起重机桁架臂的结构特点,深入研究臂架系统的有限元模型简化、ANSYS线性屈曲分析及非线性稳定性分析、ANSYS二次开发技术和VB编程技术等,论文的主要研究工作和研究成果具体如下:
(1)分析履带起重机桁架臂的工作原理、结构特点和受力情况,了解已有的建模工作中出现的工作量大、模型不易修改等问题,确定臂架有限元模型简化的必要性和可行性。
(2)研究如何利用有限元分析软件ANSYS进行结构稳定性分析,包括线性屈曲分析和非线性稳定性分析。
(3)根据臂架的整体结构特点,确定桁架臂在ANSYS中的模型简化方案,选择变截面梁单元,对臂架惯性矩进行等效计算,改进臂架各部分铰点的连接方式,并通过比较复杂模型和简化模型的屈曲特征值误差,确定简化方案的正确性。
(4)分析臂架的实际受力特点和线性屈曲分析的不足之处,对有限元简化模型进行非线性稳定性分析,得出臂架变形和受力大小之间的关系曲线。
(5)开发履带起重机臂架稳定性分析系统,该系统封装了稳定性分析所用到的所有ANSYS命令,用户只需输入设计变量值即可,软件会自动调用ANSYS进行批处理分析,并保存计算结果。
With the development demand of construction, the crane is increasingly prone to large-sized, dominant-mountain and with lattice. With enormous use of high-strength steel material, the structure is strengthened, but the problems of structural stiffness and stability inevitablely occurs. So the stability analysis of complicated lattice structure becomes the crux of contemporary and large cranes' structure design and its calculation. Because of the lattice structure of the crane boom system and the angle between the boom and jib, it is very difficult to accurately calculate the overall stability with the traditional math-model and mechanics method.
With the development of modern mechanics methods and computer technology, many practical commercial finite element analysis software were introduced to the crane design calculations. ANSYS as one of the best is used widely. However, at home and abroad, when applying of ANSYS, the establishment of finite model is usually in accordance with the actual structure of the boom system, so that it needs much workload under the condition of long boom or boom with various kinds of length.
To solve the problems mentioned above, the author studies the boom structure, the simple finite element model, ANSYS linear buckling analysis and non-linear stability analysis, the active automation technology and the VB programming. The main research work and achievements are as follows:
(1) Analyzing the working principle, structure characteristics and force condition of crawler cranes' truss boom, which makes we know the workload in modeling is very large and the model is not easy to revise, and so on. So, it's very necessary to simplify the boom finite element model.
(2) Studying how to use the finite element analysis software ANSYS, including linear and nonlinear buckling analysis of the stability.
(3) In accordance the overall boom structure, confirming the model simplifying method, selecting the variable cross-section beam element, calculating equivalent moment of inertia, improving the boom hinge point connection of all parts. To make sure this simplified method be accurate by comparing the result between truss model and simplified model.
(4) Analyzing the actual characteristics of the force and the defects of linear buckling analysis, with the help of which it needs to calculate the stability with the method of nonlinear analysis, and then get the curve of load and deformation.
(5) A special software of crawler crane boom system is developed, which encapsulates all the ANSYS operations, so that the users, being free from burdensome modeling, need only concentrate their attention on design variables. The software will automatically call for ANSYS analysis of the batch and save results.
引文
[1]杨长揆.起重机械.北京:机械工业出版社,1982.
[2]郑猗.履带起重机调研报告.徐州重型机械厂标准信息处,1998.
[3]王凤萍,程磊,孙影.国内外履带起重机的现状及发展现状.工程机械,2006(4):48-51.
[4]陈铁云,沈惠申.结构的屈曲.上海科学技术文献出版社,1993.
[5]刘光栋,罗汉泉.杆系结构稳定.人民交通出版社,1988.
[6]Loannis G.Raftoyiannis,John Ch.Ermopoulos.Stability of Tapered and Steppedsteel Columns with Initial Imperfections.Engineering Structures.2005,27(8):1248-1257.
[7]楚中毅,陆念力,车仁炜,楚兰英.一种梁杆结构稳定性分析的精确有限元法.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(4):25-28.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3811-83起重机设计规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[9]Klaus-Jurgen Bathe.Advances in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Auto-mobiles.1997,64(5):881-891.
[10]Klaus-Jurgen Bathe.Finite Element procedures.Prentice Hall,Inc.1996:485-628.
[11]蓝天,姚桌智.桅杆结构的非线性分析.中国建筑研究院结构所.1980.
[12]陆念力,兰朋,李良.二阶理论条件下的梁杆系统精确有限元方程及应用.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1998,31(4):67-74.
[13]陆念力,张立强,孟小平.梁杆系统精确有限元方程及其在几何非线性分析和稳定计算中的应用.建筑机械,1996(3):18-20.
[14]秦义校,唐风.桁架式臂架布局优化设计.港口装卸,1996(5):1-5.
[15]王欣,高顺德,屈福政.国内外大型起重机的发展状况.建筑机械,2005(2):28-32.
[16]王金诺,于兰峰.起重运输金属结构.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.
[17]陈塑寰,聂毓琴,孟广伟.材料力学业.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[18]Champion,E.R.Finite element analysis in manufacturing engineering.New York:Mcgraw-Hill,inc,1992:1-18.
[19]林少玲,陈铭年,徐健全,李进彬.ANSYS结构分析单元的分类.设计技术,2004(2):13-81.
[20]张萍.ANSYS建模过程中单元属性的定义.现代电子技术,2003,159(19):5-36.
[21]Zienkiewicz O C.Morgan K.Finite Elements and Approximation.John Wiley &Sons,Inc,1983.
[22]Liu P L,Kiurghian A D.Finite Element of geometrically nonlinear uncerlain structJ Engrgmech,1989,117(8):1806-1825.
[23]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析.人民交通出版社,1997.
[24]Crisifield M A.Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of solid and Structrues.Vol.1,Wiley,New York,1991.
[25]Desai C S,Abel J F.Introduction to the Finite Element Method.Van Nostrand Reinhold C0,1972.
[26]王雷.大跨度悬索桥非线性静力分析与程序设计:(硕士学位论文).长沙:长沙理工大学,2005.
[27]ANSYS 公司.UIDL Programmer' s Guide.
[28]ANSYS 公司.APDL Programmer' s Guide.
[29]ANSYS公司.UPFs Programmer' s Guide.
[30]ANSYS 公司.Release 10.0 Documentation for ANSYS.
[31]龚沛曾,陆慰民,杨志强.Visual Basic程序设计简明教程.北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[32]高春艳,刘彬彬,王斌.Visual Basic开发技术大全.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[33]李响.履带起重机臂架系统有限元参数化方法研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[34]李华飚,毕宗睿,李水根.Visual Basic数据库编程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[35]田会方,张杰峰.基于VC与ANSYS的有限元参数化分析.交通与计算机,2004,22(6):116-117.
[36]张晋西.用VB增强ANSYS前处理能力.计算机应用,2002,22(3):86-87.
[2]郑猗.履带起重机调研报告.徐州重型机械厂标准信息处,1998.
[3]王凤萍,程磊,孙影.国内外履带起重机的现状及发展现状.工程机械,2006(4):48-51.
[4]陈铁云,沈惠申.结构的屈曲.上海科学技术文献出版社,1993.
[5]刘光栋,罗汉泉.杆系结构稳定.人民交通出版社,1988.
[6]Loannis G.Raftoyiannis,John Ch.Ermopoulos.Stability of Tapered and Steppedsteel Columns with Initial Imperfections.Engineering Structures.2005,27(8):1248-1257.
[7]楚中毅,陆念力,车仁炜,楚兰英.一种梁杆结构稳定性分析的精确有限元法.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2002,35(4):25-28.
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准GB3811-83起重机设计规范.北京:中国标准出版社,2006.
[9]Klaus-Jurgen Bathe.Advances in Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis of Auto-mobiles.1997,64(5):881-891.
[10]Klaus-Jurgen Bathe.Finite Element procedures.Prentice Hall,Inc.1996:485-628.
[11]蓝天,姚桌智.桅杆结构的非线性分析.中国建筑研究院结构所.1980.
[12]陆念力,兰朋,李良.二阶理论条件下的梁杆系统精确有限元方程及应用.哈尔滨建筑大学学报,1998,31(4):67-74.
[13]陆念力,张立强,孟小平.梁杆系统精确有限元方程及其在几何非线性分析和稳定计算中的应用.建筑机械,1996(3):18-20.
[14]秦义校,唐风.桁架式臂架布局优化设计.港口装卸,1996(5):1-5.
[15]王欣,高顺德,屈福政.国内外大型起重机的发展状况.建筑机械,2005(2):28-32.
[16]王金诺,于兰峰.起重运输金属结构.北京:中国铁道出版社,2002.
[17]陈塑寰,聂毓琴,孟广伟.材料力学业.北京:机械工业出版社,2000.
[18]Champion,E.R.Finite element analysis in manufacturing engineering.New York:Mcgraw-Hill,inc,1992:1-18.
[19]林少玲,陈铭年,徐健全,李进彬.ANSYS结构分析单元的分类.设计技术,2004(2):13-81.
[20]张萍.ANSYS建模过程中单元属性的定义.现代电子技术,2003,159(19):5-36.
[21]Zienkiewicz O C.Morgan K.Finite Elements and Approximation.John Wiley &Sons,Inc,1983.
[22]Liu P L,Kiurghian A D.Finite Element of geometrically nonlinear uncerlain structJ Engrgmech,1989,117(8):1806-1825.
[23]华孝良,徐光辉.桥梁结构非线性分析.人民交通出版社,1997.
[24]Crisifield M A.Non-linear Finite Element Analysis of solid and Structrues.Vol.1,Wiley,New York,1991.
[25]Desai C S,Abel J F.Introduction to the Finite Element Method.Van Nostrand Reinhold C0,1972.
[26]王雷.大跨度悬索桥非线性静力分析与程序设计:(硕士学位论文).长沙:长沙理工大学,2005.
[27]ANSYS 公司.UIDL Programmer' s Guide.
[28]ANSYS 公司.APDL Programmer' s Guide.
[29]ANSYS公司.UPFs Programmer' s Guide.
[30]ANSYS 公司.Release 10.0 Documentation for ANSYS.
[31]龚沛曾,陆慰民,杨志强.Visual Basic程序设计简明教程.北京:高等教育出版社,2003.
[32]高春艳,刘彬彬,王斌.Visual Basic开发技术大全.北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.
[33]李响.履带起重机臂架系统有限元参数化方法研究:(硕士学位论文).大连:大连理工大学,2007.
[34]李华飚,毕宗睿,李水根.Visual Basic数据库编程.北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[35]田会方,张杰峰.基于VC与ANSYS的有限元参数化分析.交通与计算机,2004,22(6):116-117.
[36]张晋西.用VB增强ANSYS前处理能力.计算机应用,2002,22(3):86-87.