磁脂密封试验研究及结构优化设计
|
摘要
磁性流体作为一种节能环保的新型材料,从发明之后就引起了越来越多的关注,现已广泛应用于旋转轴动静密封、轴承、传感器、阻尼、扬声器等领域。磁性流体密封作为一种零泄漏密封方式,在工程应用中具有重要的作用,尤其是在真空领域,引起了广泛的重视。目前,磁性流体密封已大量应用于低压低转速的气液密封场合,将其应用于更高参数密封场合的研究也在不断进行。
采用高黏度非牛顿流体作为载液,加入磁性微粒而获得的磁性流体应用于密封场合,称为磁脂密封。它在旋转轴密封中具有其他密封方式不可比拟的优点：密封介质无泄漏、磨损少、结构简单、寿命长等；比传统的牛顿型磁性流体密封具有更强的自修复能力,工作温度也可以更高；不像其他密封方式,一旦失效就无法使用。迄今为止,对于高黏度非牛顿磁性密封剂应用于密封场合的研究很少。
本论文在总结前人对磁性流体密封研究的基础上,对磁脂密封进行一些基础性的研究,完成主要工作如下：
1、制备以非牛顿流体为载液的非牛顿磁性密封剂,研究了其应用于密封场合相关的性质和特性,如非牛顿磁性密封剂的黏度、稳定性、磁化特性、寿命等。
2、设计并建立了密封试验台,进行了磁脂密封应用于气体密封的耐压能力及温升试验,总结并分析试验结果,初步探索磁脂密封应用于液体密封场合。试验结果表明磁脂密封耐压能力比传统型磁性流体密封的耐压能力更高,适用温度范围也更广,与液体具有良好的相容性。
3、分析总结影响磁脂密封耐压能力的结构性因素,对磁极结构进行结构优化,形成最佳的磁极极齿结构,指导磁极结构设计。
最后,本论文总结了对磁脂密封的研究成果以及使用过程中的注意事项,并对未来研究提出了指导性意见。
The invention of the magnetic fluid, which functioned as a new kind of environmental material, has aroused a lot of attention from the day it was invented and has been used in many fields, such as the seal of dynamic and static shaft、bearing lubricating and sealing、sensors、loudhailers and etc. The magnetic fluid seal, which has so little leakage that exerts a great function in the engineer areas, attracts much recognition, especially in the vacuum field. At present, the magnetic fluid seal has been widely used in the occasions of sealing of low speed and low pressure, a lot of research work of the magnetic fluid seal using to the higher speed and pressure have been carrying out.
Compared with the other kinds of seal, the magnetic grease seal was made by affiliating the non-Newtonian fluid with the magnetic particulate, which has the unique and incomparable excellence, for instance:an unmeasurable leakage、low abrasion、simple structure、long life-span and so on; The non-Newtonian magnetic grease seal has stronger anti-pressure capacity and can work in higher temperatures than the traditional Newtonian magnetic fluid seal; further more, this kind of seal doesn't like the other kinds of seal which can still work because of its strong self-recovery ability after the seal invalidation. The researches about the non-Newtonian magnetic fluid with high viscosity applied to the sealing fields are very rare so far.
On the base of the former study on the magnetic fluid seal, this thesis did some foundational research of the magnetic grease seal, the primary work are as follows:
Firstly, the non-Newtonian magnetic fluid was manufactured and the characteristics, such as the viscosity、stability、magnetization intensity and the life-span of this kind of magnetic fluid, were studied.
Secondly, the experimental device was designed and constructed, on which the data of the anti-pressure capacity and temperature-rising of sealing the gas were obtained、summarized and some experiment of sealing of liquid were done. The results indicated the magnetic grease seal has the higher anti-pressure capacity and can used in higher temperature occasions than the Newtonian magnetic fluid seal; It also can be used in the seal occasion of different kinds of liquid.
Thirdly, the mainly factors of the anti-pressure capacity were analyzed and summarized. After the parameter models were established, the optimization of the sizes of the structure were completed by ANSYS software, the prime structure of the magnetic pole was formed which can be the guidance of the pole design.
Finally, the research work of this thesis were summarized and the special attention that we should pay to in the research and engineering usage were pointed out, some constructive advice on future research were listed at last.
采用高黏度非牛顿流体作为载液,加入磁性微粒而获得的磁性流体应用于密封场合,称为磁脂密封。它在旋转轴密封中具有其他密封方式不可比拟的优点：密封介质无泄漏、磨损少、结构简单、寿命长等；比传统的牛顿型磁性流体密封具有更强的自修复能力,工作温度也可以更高；不像其他密封方式,一旦失效就无法使用。迄今为止,对于高黏度非牛顿磁性密封剂应用于密封场合的研究很少。
本论文在总结前人对磁性流体密封研究的基础上,对磁脂密封进行一些基础性的研究,完成主要工作如下：
1、制备以非牛顿流体为载液的非牛顿磁性密封剂,研究了其应用于密封场合相关的性质和特性,如非牛顿磁性密封剂的黏度、稳定性、磁化特性、寿命等。
2、设计并建立了密封试验台,进行了磁脂密封应用于气体密封的耐压能力及温升试验,总结并分析试验结果,初步探索磁脂密封应用于液体密封场合。试验结果表明磁脂密封耐压能力比传统型磁性流体密封的耐压能力更高,适用温度范围也更广,与液体具有良好的相容性。
3、分析总结影响磁脂密封耐压能力的结构性因素,对磁极结构进行结构优化,形成最佳的磁极极齿结构,指导磁极结构设计。
最后,本论文总结了对磁脂密封的研究成果以及使用过程中的注意事项,并对未来研究提出了指导性意见。
The invention of the magnetic fluid, which functioned as a new kind of environmental material, has aroused a lot of attention from the day it was invented and has been used in many fields, such as the seal of dynamic and static shaft、bearing lubricating and sealing、sensors、loudhailers and etc. The magnetic fluid seal, which has so little leakage that exerts a great function in the engineer areas, attracts much recognition, especially in the vacuum field. At present, the magnetic fluid seal has been widely used in the occasions of sealing of low speed and low pressure, a lot of research work of the magnetic fluid seal using to the higher speed and pressure have been carrying out.
Compared with the other kinds of seal, the magnetic grease seal was made by affiliating the non-Newtonian fluid with the magnetic particulate, which has the unique and incomparable excellence, for instance:an unmeasurable leakage、low abrasion、simple structure、long life-span and so on; The non-Newtonian magnetic grease seal has stronger anti-pressure capacity and can work in higher temperatures than the traditional Newtonian magnetic fluid seal; further more, this kind of seal doesn't like the other kinds of seal which can still work because of its strong self-recovery ability after the seal invalidation. The researches about the non-Newtonian magnetic fluid with high viscosity applied to the sealing fields are very rare so far.
On the base of the former study on the magnetic fluid seal, this thesis did some foundational research of the magnetic grease seal, the primary work are as follows:
Firstly, the non-Newtonian magnetic fluid was manufactured and the characteristics, such as the viscosity、stability、magnetization intensity and the life-span of this kind of magnetic fluid, were studied.
Secondly, the experimental device was designed and constructed, on which the data of the anti-pressure capacity and temperature-rising of sealing the gas were obtained、summarized and some experiment of sealing of liquid were done. The results indicated the magnetic grease seal has the higher anti-pressure capacity and can used in higher temperature occasions than the Newtonian magnetic fluid seal; It also can be used in the seal occasion of different kinds of liquid.
Thirdly, the mainly factors of the anti-pressure capacity were analyzed and summarized. After the parameter models were established, the optimization of the sizes of the structure were completed by ANSYS software, the prime structure of the magnetic pole was formed which can be the guidance of the pole design.
Finally, the research work of this thesis were summarized and the special attention that we should pay to in the research and engineering usage were pointed out, some constructive advice on future research were listed at last.
引文
[1]皱继斌,陆永平.磁流体密封原理与设计[M].北京：国防工业出版社,2000
[2]李德才.磁性液体理论及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[3]杨洪娟.水轮机主轴磁流体密封技术的研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2007
[4]王正良.滚动轴承的磁性流体润滑和密封[J].摩擦学学报,2005,25(1)：88-90
[5]M D Cowley, R E Rosensweig. The interfacial stability of a ferromagnetic fluid[J].J. Fluid Mech,1967,30 (4):671-688
[6]王淑珍.磁性流体密封中关键问题的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007
[7]W.C.Elmor. Ferromagnetie Fluid Sealing Protects Computer Information[J]. Design Engineering,1978,13
[8]S. Levsin. Development of Magnetic Fluid Reciprocating Motion Seals[J], JMMM.1990,85:253-256
[9]R.A WILLIAMS, RMALSKY. Some Experiments Using A Ferrofluid seal Against A Liquid[J]. Transaction on Magnetic,1980, (2)
[10]K.Raj, R.Moslowitz. Commercial application of ferrofluids[J]. JMMM,1990,85:233
[11]K.Ozavi, T.Fujiwara. An Experimental Study Of High-Speed Single Stage Magnetic Fluid Seals[J].JMMM.1987,65:382-384
[12]张士远.磁性材料基础[M].北京：科学出版社.1988
[13]刘骏.沉淀氧化法制备Fe3O4磁流体[J].武汉工业学院学报.2009,28(2)：42-43
[14]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002
[15]黄平,孟永刚,徐华.摩擦学教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2008
[16]CARLSON J D, JOLLY M R. MR fluid, foam and elastomer device[J].Mechatronics, 2000 (10):555-569
[17]赵四海,秦文艺.磁性液体密封机理的研究[J].大连大学学报,2008,29(3)：115-118
[18]胡松青,杨渭,杨辉.磁性液体的性质及应用[J].凉山大学学报,2003,5(1)：12-14
[19]赵凯华,陈熙谋.电磁学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1985
[20]张澄清.润滑脂生产[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2003
[21]杨恩霞,应丽霞,喻大发.船舶艉轴磁性流体密封液的制备与性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2008(10)：31-33.
[22]封士彩,刘书进,刘同冈等.纳米磁流体在机械密封领域的研究现状及发展[J].润滑与密封,2004(3)：127～131
[23]邹继斌,陆永平,齐毓霖等.磁性流体水密封的实验研究[J].润滑与密封,1994(5)：22～25
[24]S Jothimani, S P Anjali Devi. Oblique magnetic field effdcts over stability in superposed viscous ferrofluids[J].JMMM,2000,222:1-7
[25]许洋,张秋翔,蔡纪宁,等.高黏度磁脂密封耐压性能分析[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(8)：4244
[26]李国玉,有关磁流体密封件结构设计的几个问题[J].真空,2005,42(1)：57-58
[27]杨恩霞,应丽霞,喻大发.船舶艉轴磁性流体密封液的制备与性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2008(10)：31-33
[28]王之珊,宋立新,甘彦普.转速对铁磁流体动密封能力影响的实验研究[J].北京航 空航天大学学报,1996,22(4)：490～494
[29]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波.ANSYS11.0U基础与典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2007
[30]余伟炜,高炳军.ANSYS在机械与化工装备中的应用[M].第二版.北京：中国水利水电出版社.2007
[31]赵国伟,王之珊,池长青.磁流体密封优化设计及其实验研究[J].润滑与密封,2003(6)：48-52.
[32]李德才,洪建平,杨庆新.干式罗茨真空泵磁流体密封的研究[J].真空科学与技术2002,22(4)：312,317-320
[33]屠关镇.非均匀充磁永磁体磁场的数值计算[J].上海工业大学学报.1989,10(4)：317-324.
[34]Young Sam Kim, Young Han Kim. Application of ferro-cobalt magnetic fluid for oil sealing[J].JMMM.2003,267:105-110
[35]Zhao Meng, Zou Jibin, Hu Jianhui. An analysis on the magnetic fluid seal capacity [J].JMMM,2006 (303):428-431.
[36]R.E.rosensweig.Ferrohydrodynamics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1985
[37]Y.S.Kim, K.Nakatsuka, T.Fujita, et al.Application of hydrophilic magnetic fluid to oil seal[J].JMMM,1999,201:361-363
[38]GMorton, W.GFruh. The force on an object passing through a magnetic fluid seal[J].JMMM,2002,252:324-326
[39]王淑珍,李德才.磁流体密封结构的设计和实验研究[J].功能材料,2007,38：1224-1226
[2]李德才.磁性液体理论及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2003
[3]杨洪娟.水轮机主轴磁流体密封技术的研究[D].兰州：兰州理工大学,2007
[4]王正良.滚动轴承的磁性流体润滑和密封[J].摩擦学学报,2005,25(1)：88-90
[5]M D Cowley, R E Rosensweig. The interfacial stability of a ferromagnetic fluid[J].J. Fluid Mech,1967,30 (4):671-688
[6]王淑珍.磁性流体密封中关键问题的研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2007
[7]W.C.Elmor. Ferromagnetie Fluid Sealing Protects Computer Information[J]. Design Engineering,1978,13
[8]S. Levsin. Development of Magnetic Fluid Reciprocating Motion Seals[J], JMMM.1990,85:253-256
[9]R.A WILLIAMS, RMALSKY. Some Experiments Using A Ferrofluid seal Against A Liquid[J]. Transaction on Magnetic,1980, (2)
[10]K.Raj, R.Moslowitz. Commercial application of ferrofluids[J]. JMMM,1990,85:233
[11]K.Ozavi, T.Fujiwara. An Experimental Study Of High-Speed Single Stage Magnetic Fluid Seals[J].JMMM.1987,65:382-384
[12]张士远.磁性材料基础[M].北京：科学出版社.1988
[13]刘骏.沉淀氧化法制备Fe3O4磁流体[J].武汉工业学院学报.2009,28(2)：42-43
[14]温诗铸,黄平.摩擦学原理[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2002
[15]黄平,孟永刚,徐华.摩擦学教程[M].北京：高等教育出版社.2008
[16]CARLSON J D, JOLLY M R. MR fluid, foam and elastomer device[J].Mechatronics, 2000 (10):555-569
[17]赵四海,秦文艺.磁性液体密封机理的研究[J].大连大学学报,2008,29(3)：115-118
[18]胡松青,杨渭,杨辉.磁性液体的性质及应用[J].凉山大学学报,2003,5(1)：12-14
[19]赵凯华,陈熙谋.电磁学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1985
[20]张澄清.润滑脂生产[M].北京：中国石化出版社,2003
[21]杨恩霞,应丽霞,喻大发.船舶艉轴磁性流体密封液的制备与性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2008(10)：31-33.
[22]封士彩,刘书进,刘同冈等.纳米磁流体在机械密封领域的研究现状及发展[J].润滑与密封,2004(3)：127～131
[23]邹继斌,陆永平,齐毓霖等.磁性流体水密封的实验研究[J].润滑与密封,1994(5)：22～25
[24]S Jothimani, S P Anjali Devi. Oblique magnetic field effdcts over stability in superposed viscous ferrofluids[J].JMMM,2000,222:1-7
[25]许洋,张秋翔,蔡纪宁,等.高黏度磁脂密封耐压性能分析[J].润滑与密封,2009,34(8)：4244
[26]李国玉,有关磁流体密封件结构设计的几个问题[J].真空,2005,42(1)：57-58
[27]杨恩霞,应丽霞,喻大发.船舶艉轴磁性流体密封液的制备与性能研究[J].润滑与密封,2008(10)：31-33
[28]王之珊,宋立新,甘彦普.转速对铁磁流体动密封能力影响的实验研究[J].北京航 空航天大学学报,1996,22(4)：490～494
[29]周长城,胡仁喜,熊文波.ANSYS11.0U基础与典型范例[M].北京：电子工业出版社.2007
[30]余伟炜,高炳军.ANSYS在机械与化工装备中的应用[M].第二版.北京：中国水利水电出版社.2007
[31]赵国伟,王之珊,池长青.磁流体密封优化设计及其实验研究[J].润滑与密封,2003(6)：48-52.
[32]李德才,洪建平,杨庆新.干式罗茨真空泵磁流体密封的研究[J].真空科学与技术2002,22(4)：312,317-320
[33]屠关镇.非均匀充磁永磁体磁场的数值计算[J].上海工业大学学报.1989,10(4)：317-324.
[34]Young Sam Kim, Young Han Kim. Application of ferro-cobalt magnetic fluid for oil sealing[J].JMMM.2003,267:105-110
[35]Zhao Meng, Zou Jibin, Hu Jianhui. An analysis on the magnetic fluid seal capacity [J].JMMM,2006 (303):428-431.
[36]R.E.rosensweig.Ferrohydrodynamics[M].Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.1985
[37]Y.S.Kim, K.Nakatsuka, T.Fujita, et al.Application of hydrophilic magnetic fluid to oil seal[J].JMMM,1999,201:361-363
[38]GMorton, W.GFruh. The force on an object passing through a magnetic fluid seal[J].JMMM,2002,252:324-326
[39]王淑珍,李德才.磁流体密封结构的设计和实验研究[J].功能材料,2007,38：1224-1226