饱和沥青路面动力耦合分析与路面非饱和排水设计理论研究
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摘要
在多雨地区,沥青路面常见的病害主要为水损害。路面渗入水、沥青路面结构层和交通荷载的动力耦合作用是导致路面水损害的主要原因之一。防排水系统的合理设计是减轻水损害产生的重要手段。因此,本文考虑路面结构内部滞留水、路面结构层与移动交通荷载的共同作用,基于路面材料为弹性多孔介质的假设和Biot固结理论,建立路面结构层内的水、路面结构层、移动交通荷载的动力耦合模型。采用数值变换和解析计算等方法获得路面结构层中各物理场(应力场、渗流场、位移场、加速度场)分布的半解析解和数值解,以阐述水损害机理,为路面防排水设计提供理论参考。本文基于非饱和渗流理论,建立了路面排水基层排水模型(包括稳态和瞬态渗流模型),拓展和完善了路面内部结构排水系统设计理论和评价体系,并且为基于非饱和渗流理论的排水设计方法的提出提供了理论基础。通过系统的理论推导和数值计算,获得如下创新性成果：
(1)基于Biot固结理论,建立了移动交通荷载下,“面层-基层-路基”三层体系概化模型和水力耦合动力控制方程以及不同结构类型的“面层-排水基层-半刚性基层-路基”四层体系概化模型和水力耦合动力控制方程,并获得了相应的解答；
(2)建立了面层和排水基层之间的水量交换模型,获得了考虑路面裂缝特性及龟裂破损程度的路面渗水量理论计算公式；
(3)考虑非饱和渗流影响,结合Gardner土水特征曲线方程改进了一维稳态Boussinesq方程,建立了分析和量化排水基层中毛细水作用影响的模型,并得到了稳态渗流情况下排水基层中水位高度分布的半解析解；
(4)基于一维瞬态Boussinesq方程和Gardner土水特征曲线方程,建立了路面排水基层瞬态渗流排水模型,获得了排水基层非饱和渗流控制方程的瞬态解析解,并导出了排水基层中排水量随排水时间变化的显式表达式。
In high-rainfall area, the water-induced damage is the main disease in asphalt pavement. The infiltrated water from pavement surface, as well as the coupled interaction between pavement structure and moving traffic loads, is one of the key casues which give the contribution to the water-induced damage. Adoping a reasonbable and effecitive waterproof and daiange system is a significant mearsurement to reduce water-induce damage. Therefore, based on the Boit dynamics consolidation theory and the assumption of linear elastic material, the models which take the retention water in pavement structure into consideration were established. Through the methods of numerical transform and programming, the semi-analytical and numerical solutions of muti-phyical fields in pavement (e.g., stress field, seepage field, displacement field and acceleration field) were obtained in order to illustrate the mechanism of water-induced damage as well as to offer the theoretical foundation to the design method of waterproof and drainage. In addition, based on saturated and unsaturated flow theory, the drainage models, including steady state and transient flow models for evaluating drainage-layer drainage system of pavement, were established, which extended and improved the design method of inner drainage system in pavement as well as the evaluation system of pavement thereby offering the theoretical foundation to a design method of driange system which is based on unsaturated flow theory. By systemic theory derivation and numerical calculation, we obtained the innovative achievements as follows:
(1) Based on Biot dynamic consolidation theory, the physical model of three-layer system of pavement including surface course, base course and subgrade was esatablised and the hydro-mechenical coupled governing equations of pavement subjected to moving traffic load were obtained; Meanwhile, based on Biot dynamic consolidation theory, the physical model of four-layer system of pavement including surface course, drainage layer, semi-rigid base course and subgrade was esatablised and the hydro-mechenical coupled governing equations of pavement subjected to moving traffic load were obtained. Furter, the corresponding solutions of the governing equations were obtained respectively.
(2) A model representing the water exchange between surface course and drainage layer was established and a fomular to calculate the water quantity infiltrating into the pavement were obtained, which take into consideration the crack properties and the damage level of crack map distributed in pavement surface.
(3) By considering the capillary effect on the water flow in drainage layer, a model to quantify the capillarity in driange layer was established, which is based on the steady state Boussinesq equation integrating the Gardner water retention curve. Further, the semi-analytical solution was obtained for predicting the water-table height under the condition of steady state flow
(4) Based on transient Boussinesq equation integrating Gardner water retention curve, a transient drainage model for drainage-layer drainage system was established. Further, the transient analytical solution of governing equation was obtained and the explicit expression was derived which describes the relationship between drainage and time to quantify the drainage capacity of drainage layer on the basis of the transient solution.
(1)基于Biot固结理论,建立了移动交通荷载下,“面层-基层-路基”三层体系概化模型和水力耦合动力控制方程以及不同结构类型的“面层-排水基层-半刚性基层-路基”四层体系概化模型和水力耦合动力控制方程,并获得了相应的解答；
(2)建立了面层和排水基层之间的水量交换模型,获得了考虑路面裂缝特性及龟裂破损程度的路面渗水量理论计算公式；
(3)考虑非饱和渗流影响,结合Gardner土水特征曲线方程改进了一维稳态Boussinesq方程,建立了分析和量化排水基层中毛细水作用影响的模型,并得到了稳态渗流情况下排水基层中水位高度分布的半解析解；
(4)基于一维瞬态Boussinesq方程和Gardner土水特征曲线方程,建立了路面排水基层瞬态渗流排水模型,获得了排水基层非饱和渗流控制方程的瞬态解析解,并导出了排水基层中排水量随排水时间变化的显式表达式。
In high-rainfall area, the water-induced damage is the main disease in asphalt pavement. The infiltrated water from pavement surface, as well as the coupled interaction between pavement structure and moving traffic loads, is one of the key casues which give the contribution to the water-induced damage. Adoping a reasonbable and effecitive waterproof and daiange system is a significant mearsurement to reduce water-induce damage. Therefore, based on the Boit dynamics consolidation theory and the assumption of linear elastic material, the models which take the retention water in pavement structure into consideration were established. Through the methods of numerical transform and programming, the semi-analytical and numerical solutions of muti-phyical fields in pavement (e.g., stress field, seepage field, displacement field and acceleration field) were obtained in order to illustrate the mechanism of water-induced damage as well as to offer the theoretical foundation to the design method of waterproof and drainage. In addition, based on saturated and unsaturated flow theory, the drainage models, including steady state and transient flow models for evaluating drainage-layer drainage system of pavement, were established, which extended and improved the design method of inner drainage system in pavement as well as the evaluation system of pavement thereby offering the theoretical foundation to a design method of driange system which is based on unsaturated flow theory. By systemic theory derivation and numerical calculation, we obtained the innovative achievements as follows:
(1) Based on Biot dynamic consolidation theory, the physical model of three-layer system of pavement including surface course, base course and subgrade was esatablised and the hydro-mechenical coupled governing equations of pavement subjected to moving traffic load were obtained; Meanwhile, based on Biot dynamic consolidation theory, the physical model of four-layer system of pavement including surface course, drainage layer, semi-rigid base course and subgrade was esatablised and the hydro-mechenical coupled governing equations of pavement subjected to moving traffic load were obtained. Furter, the corresponding solutions of the governing equations were obtained respectively.
(2) A model representing the water exchange between surface course and drainage layer was established and a fomular to calculate the water quantity infiltrating into the pavement were obtained, which take into consideration the crack properties and the damage level of crack map distributed in pavement surface.
(3) By considering the capillary effect on the water flow in drainage layer, a model to quantify the capillarity in driange layer was established, which is based on the steady state Boussinesq equation integrating the Gardner water retention curve. Further, the semi-analytical solution was obtained for predicting the water-table height under the condition of steady state flow
(4) Based on transient Boussinesq equation integrating Gardner water retention curve, a transient drainage model for drainage-layer drainage system was established. Further, the transient analytical solution of governing equation was obtained and the explicit expression was derived which describes the relationship between drainage and time to quantify the drainage capacity of drainage layer on the basis of the transient solution.
引文
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