MVC在多层Web体系结构中的应用研究
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摘要
目前，Internet迅速普及，Web应用的复杂性和规模都在不断增加和扩大，呈现出高度灵活性、可靠性和个性化等特点，这就给Web应用开发带来了新的挑战。本文通过分析后认为，在现有的Web开发中，由于系统的界面表示、流程控制和业务逻辑代码相互混杂，导致了系统性能的下降，同时传统的单一用户界面类型也越来越无法满足用户界面类型多样化的要求。
为此，本文引入了传统的MVC(Model-View-Controller)设计模型概念，通过分析其实现原理和特点，指出可以对其加以改进以解决上述多层Web开发中的问题。论文首先对多种Java技术和XML技术进行了对比分析，提出了一个合理整合多种技术的解决方案，即Servlet+JSP+JavaBean+EJB+XML。然后，通过对传统MVC设计模型进行改进，本文提出了一个符合多层Web体系结构特点的新型MI_WMVC设计模型，该设计模型不但能够解决传统Web开发中存在的问题，而且具有系统功能划分清晰，系统流程能够灵活配置，可扩展性、可维护性强，易于开发，可支持多种用户界面类型等优点。
本文重点分析了MI_WMVC设计模型中控制器、模型和视图的设计原理及其关键技术，并在所提出的MI_WMVC设计模型基础上，按照面向对象的软件工程思想，以UML为工具设计开发了《网上课程实习系统》，论文具体给出了“学生选课”子模块的详细设计实现过程及其系统的配置和运行步骤。
本文的创新之处在于设计和实现了请求映射信息表和视图定义表两个XML配置文件，控制器通过对该XML配置文件中信息的理解灵活地控制住系统的流程；通过使用XML技术实现了对多种用户界面类型的支持。
In recent years, with the quick development of Internet, the complexity and the scale of Web appliction are increasely enlarged. Thus, high flexibility, reliability and personality are needed for the Web appliction. Yet, because of the interweaveraient of user-interface, flow control and business logic, the system performance will decrease. At the same time the traditonal single user-interface can not meet the new demand of mutiple user-interfaces.
In order to solve this kind of problems, the traditional MVC pattern is introduced in the paper. Firstly, a new technology solution, i.e. Servlet+JSP+JavaBean+EJB+XML, is proposed. Secondly, based on the modification of traditional MVC pattern, the paper brings forward a new MI_WMVC pattern, which is suitable for the characteristic of multi-tier Web architecture. Under this pattern, the system functions can be clearly devided and the system can support mutiple user-interfaces.
The emphasis of the paper includes design principle, key technique and algorism of controller, model and view of MI-WMVC pattern. Based on this pattern, a "Course Practice System" is developed according to the Object-Orient software engineering thingking.
The new ideas of the paper includes: i) designs and realizes two XML configration files of request-mapping file and view-definition file, the controller can control system flow flexibly by parse these two files, ii) realize the support of multiple user-interfaces by the use of XML.
为此，本文引入了传统的MVC(Model-View-Controller)设计模型概念，通过分析其实现原理和特点，指出可以对其加以改进以解决上述多层Web开发中的问题。论文首先对多种Java技术和XML技术进行了对比分析，提出了一个合理整合多种技术的解决方案，即Servlet+JSP+JavaBean+EJB+XML。然后，通过对传统MVC设计模型进行改进，本文提出了一个符合多层Web体系结构特点的新型MI_WMVC设计模型，该设计模型不但能够解决传统Web开发中存在的问题，而且具有系统功能划分清晰，系统流程能够灵活配置，可扩展性、可维护性强，易于开发，可支持多种用户界面类型等优点。
本文重点分析了MI_WMVC设计模型中控制器、模型和视图的设计原理及其关键技术，并在所提出的MI_WMVC设计模型基础上，按照面向对象的软件工程思想，以UML为工具设计开发了《网上课程实习系统》，论文具体给出了“学生选课”子模块的详细设计实现过程及其系统的配置和运行步骤。
本文的创新之处在于设计和实现了请求映射信息表和视图定义表两个XML配置文件，控制器通过对该XML配置文件中信息的理解灵活地控制住系统的流程；通过使用XML技术实现了对多种用户界面类型的支持。
In recent years, with the quick development of Internet, the complexity and the scale of Web appliction are increasely enlarged. Thus, high flexibility, reliability and personality are needed for the Web appliction. Yet, because of the interweaveraient of user-interface, flow control and business logic, the system performance will decrease. At the same time the traditonal single user-interface can not meet the new demand of mutiple user-interfaces.
In order to solve this kind of problems, the traditional MVC pattern is introduced in the paper. Firstly, a new technology solution, i.e. Servlet+JSP+JavaBean+EJB+XML, is proposed. Secondly, based on the modification of traditional MVC pattern, the paper brings forward a new MI_WMVC pattern, which is suitable for the characteristic of multi-tier Web architecture. Under this pattern, the system functions can be clearly devided and the system can support mutiple user-interfaces.
The emphasis of the paper includes design principle, key technique and algorism of controller, model and view of MI-WMVC pattern. Based on this pattern, a "Course Practice System" is developed according to the Object-Orient software engineering thingking.
The new ideas of the paper includes: i) designs and realizes two XML configration files of request-mapping file and view-definition file, the controller can control system flow flexibly by parse these two files, ii) realize the support of multiple user-interfaces by the use of XML.
引文
[1] Steve Burbeck, Ph.D,,Applications Programming in Smalltalk-80(TM): How to use Model-View-Controller (MVC)
[2] Satoru Uehara, Osamu Miztmo, Yumi Itou and Tohru Kikuno, An MVC-based analysis of object-oriented system prototyping for banking related GUI applications-correlationship between OO metrics and efforts for requirement change, Department of Informatics and Mathematical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan
[3] Michael J. Mahemoff, Handling multiple domain objects with Model-View-Controller, Department of C.S.& S.E.The University of Melbourne. Lorraine J. Johnston, School of I.T.Swinburne University of Technology
[4] Jim Conallen, Ashish B. Shah, Modeling Web Application Design With UML, World Wide Web and Object Technology
[5] A. Hussey D. Carrington, Comparing the MVC and PAC architectures-a formal perspective
[6] Yue Zhuge, Janet L. Wiener and Hector Garcia-Molina, Multiple view consistency for data warehousing, Computer Science Department Standford University
[7] D. Florescu and D. Kossmann, A performance evaluation of alternative mapping Schemes For Storing XML data in a relational database, Technical Report, INRIA, France, 1999
[8] Eoin Lane, Add XML to your J2EE Applications
[9] Julien Mercay and Gilbert Bouzeid, Boost Struts with XSLT and XML
[10] Jason Cai, Ranjit Kapila, Gaurav Pal, HMVC: The layered pattern for developing strong client tiers
[11] Qusay H. Mahmoud, WAP for Java Developers
[12] David S. Renshaw, JavaBeans, Java' s Component architecture, is Far More than just a collection of component for Client. BYTE Magazine, 1998
[13] Gallangher J M, Ramanathan SC, Choose a client/server Archicture, Information System Management 1996, 5
[14] Jennifer Widom, Data Management For XML Research Directions, IETF Data Engineering Bulletion, 1999. 9
[15] A Java-based method for developing Web application system: Li Chunlin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Wuhan Transportation University
[16] Developing highly-responsive user interfaces with DHTML and servlets: Katherine Betz, Avraham Leff, James T. Rayfield, IBM T..J. Watson Research Center
[17] Junichi Azuma Creating educational web sites IEEE Communication Magazine 199913]: 109～113
[18] Kurt Maly, Huussein Abdel. Wahab Interactive distance learning over intranet IEEE Internet Computing 199711]: 60～71
[19] Shi.Kuo chang A Multimedia Micro-University IEEE Multimedia 199813]: 60～68
[20] Enrique V. Kortright, Modeling and simulation with UML and Java, Department of Computer Science Nicholls State University
[21] Stephane H. Maes and T. V. Raman, Multi-modal interaction in the age of information appliances, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
[22] Software architecture and reuse-an inherent conflict: Frances Paulisch Siemens AG, Corporate Research and Development
[23] Avraham Leff, James T. Rayfield, Web-application development using the Model View Controller design pattern, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
[24] 何万成，余秋惠，JnetMVC——一个新的Java网络编程mvc模型，计算机工程，2001．8
[25] 钱建良，基于mvc结构的网络应用程序的复用，江南学院学报 2001．4
[26] 孙莹 许俊华等，MVC编程模型在Web程序中的应用及Java实现，计算机工程与应用 2001．6
[27] 裴龙 何大可，Java2 Swing组件设计模式分析，计算机应用 2001 8
[28] 吴晨清 荣震华，用JSP-Servlet技术构建Web应用，计算机工程 2001．1
[29] 潘锋 李腊元，基于EJB服务器的应用系统的设计与实现，计算机应用 2001．12
[30] 曹军，ASP、PHP和JSP的比较研究，网络资源与建设 2001．4
[31] 周泽华 金戈 黄涛，基于XML的分布式Web应用框架，计算机工程与应用 2001．18
[32] 瞿纪万 瞿宏阳 黄海，基于Java的层次型Web应用框架，微型机与应用 2001．5
[33] 武安波 耿英三等，应用XML和Object Web技术基于知识的产品开发环境，计算机工程 2002．1
[34] 齐勇，金键忠，赵季中等，基于软构件的应用服务器框架及组件管理器的研究，计算机工程与应用 2001．9
[35] 杨芙清，软件复用及其相关技术，计算机世界 1999．3．15
[36] 邓贵仕 易峰等，支持Multi-interface的MVC设计模式研究，计算机应用 2002．6
[37] Michael J. Mahemoff Handling multiple domain objects with Model-View-Controlle, Department of C.S.& S.E. The University of Melbourne; Lorraine J. Johnston School of I. T. Swinburne University of Technology
[38] 赵明 吕立坚，多层体系结构的EJB组件实现技术，计算机应用研究 2001．12
[39] 王欣 魏生民，基于Java技术的分布式异构数据库Web访问技术，计算机工程与应用 2000．12
[40] 丁晓玲 徐伟平 胡敏，网络化分布式国家重点实验室管理信息系统，实验技术与管理 2001．18
[41] 林建明 陈庆章 赵小敏 吕凌燕，交互式Web应用的JSP实现方案，计算机工程 2001．8
[42] 徐冰 李启炎 朱茜，JSP结构模型与应用分析，计算机应用研究 2001
[43] 吴晨清 荣震华，用JSP-Servlet技术构建Web应用，计算机工程 2001．1
[44] 陆继翔 刘芳珠 潘金贵，JAVA新类库中的MVC结构以及通信实现方法，小型微型计算机系统 1998．12
[45] 孙莹 许俊华 张毅 贺清峰，MVC编程模型在Web程序中的应用及Java实现，计算机工程与应用 2001．6
[46] 张砚秋 陈川 何明德，基于MVC设计模式构筑JSPServlet+EJB的Web应用，计算机工程 2001．11
[47] 姚慧广 赵岳松，Web编程中MVC模型的应用，微机发展 2000．3
[48] 赵明 吕立坚，多层体系结构的EJB组件实现技术，计算机应用研究 2001
[49] 蒋欣欣 查杰民 陆介平，分布式多层WEB应用系统的实现，江苏理工大学学报 2001．3
[50] 蒋志方 许振宇，MVC方法在制造车间物流系统仿真中的应用，计算机应用 1998，8
[51] Erich Gamma；Richard Helm；Ralp Johnson；John Vlissides著，李英军等译，设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础，北京：机械工业出版社，2000．9
[52] Alur，D．等著，牛志奇等译，J2EE核心模式(Core J2EE patterns：Best Practices and Design Strategies)，北京：机械工业出版社．2002．1
[53] Siyan，K．S：Weaver，J．著，希望图书创作室译，Java(Inside Java)，北京：宇航出版社，1999．4
[54] Donald S Bell，使用Translator模式构建更好的网站
[55] Eckel．B．著，京京工作室译，Java编程思想(Thinking in Java)，北京：机械工业出版社，1999．4
[56] Paul J．Perrone，et al．著，张志伟，谭郁松，张明杰译，J2EE构建企业系统(专家级解决方案)(Building Java Enterorise Systems with J2EE)，北京：清华大学出版社，2001．6
[57] Myers，T．著；王辉译，Java XML编程指南(Professional Java XML Programming)，北京：电子工业出版社，2001．4
[58] Goodwill，J．等著，邢国庆等译，深入学习：Java Servlet开发与实例(Developing Java Servlets Second Edition)，北京：屯子工业出版社，2001．8
[2] Satoru Uehara, Osamu Miztmo, Yumi Itou and Tohru Kikuno, An MVC-based analysis of object-oriented system prototyping for banking related GUI applications-correlationship between OO metrics and efforts for requirement change, Department of Informatics and Mathematical Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Japan
[3] Michael J. Mahemoff, Handling multiple domain objects with Model-View-Controller, Department of C.S.& S.E.The University of Melbourne. Lorraine J. Johnston, School of I.T.Swinburne University of Technology
[4] Jim Conallen, Ashish B. Shah, Modeling Web Application Design With UML, World Wide Web and Object Technology
[5] A. Hussey D. Carrington, Comparing the MVC and PAC architectures-a formal perspective
[6] Yue Zhuge, Janet L. Wiener and Hector Garcia-Molina, Multiple view consistency for data warehousing, Computer Science Department Standford University
[7] D. Florescu and D. Kossmann, A performance evaluation of alternative mapping Schemes For Storing XML data in a relational database, Technical Report, INRIA, France, 1999
[8] Eoin Lane, Add XML to your J2EE Applications
[9] Julien Mercay and Gilbert Bouzeid, Boost Struts with XSLT and XML
[10] Jason Cai, Ranjit Kapila, Gaurav Pal, HMVC: The layered pattern for developing strong client tiers
[11] Qusay H. Mahmoud, WAP for Java Developers
[12] David S. Renshaw, JavaBeans, Java' s Component architecture, is Far More than just a collection of component for Client. BYTE Magazine, 1998
[13] Gallangher J M, Ramanathan SC, Choose a client/server Archicture, Information System Management 1996, 5
[14] Jennifer Widom, Data Management For XML Research Directions, IETF Data Engineering Bulletion, 1999. 9
[15] A Java-based method for developing Web application system: Li Chunlin Department of Computer Science and Engineering Wuhan Transportation University
[16] Developing highly-responsive user interfaces with DHTML and servlets: Katherine Betz, Avraham Leff, James T. Rayfield, IBM T..J. Watson Research Center
[17] Junichi Azuma Creating educational web sites IEEE Communication Magazine 199913]: 109～113
[18] Kurt Maly, Huussein Abdel. Wahab Interactive distance learning over intranet IEEE Internet Computing 199711]: 60～71
[19] Shi.Kuo chang A Multimedia Micro-University IEEE Multimedia 199813]: 60～68
[20] Enrique V. Kortright, Modeling and simulation with UML and Java, Department of Computer Science Nicholls State University
[21] Stephane H. Maes and T. V. Raman, Multi-modal interaction in the age of information appliances, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
[22] Software architecture and reuse-an inherent conflict: Frances Paulisch Siemens AG, Corporate Research and Development
[23] Avraham Leff, James T. Rayfield, Web-application development using the Model View Controller design pattern, IBM T. J. Watson Research Center
[24] 何万成，余秋惠，JnetMVC——一个新的Java网络编程mvc模型，计算机工程，2001．8
[25] 钱建良，基于mvc结构的网络应用程序的复用，江南学院学报 2001．4
[26] 孙莹 许俊华等，MVC编程模型在Web程序中的应用及Java实现，计算机工程与应用 2001．6
[27] 裴龙 何大可，Java2 Swing组件设计模式分析，计算机应用 2001 8
[28] 吴晨清 荣震华，用JSP-Servlet技术构建Web应用，计算机工程 2001．1
[29] 潘锋 李腊元，基于EJB服务器的应用系统的设计与实现，计算机应用 2001．12
[30] 曹军，ASP、PHP和JSP的比较研究，网络资源与建设 2001．4
[31] 周泽华 金戈 黄涛，基于XML的分布式Web应用框架，计算机工程与应用 2001．18
[32] 瞿纪万 瞿宏阳 黄海，基于Java的层次型Web应用框架，微型机与应用 2001．5
[33] 武安波 耿英三等，应用XML和Object Web技术基于知识的产品开发环境，计算机工程 2002．1
[34] 齐勇，金键忠，赵季中等，基于软构件的应用服务器框架及组件管理器的研究，计算机工程与应用 2001．9
[35] 杨芙清，软件复用及其相关技术，计算机世界 1999．3．15
[36] 邓贵仕 易峰等，支持Multi-interface的MVC设计模式研究，计算机应用 2002．6
[37] Michael J. Mahemoff Handling multiple domain objects with Model-View-Controlle, Department of C.S.& S.E. The University of Melbourne; Lorraine J. Johnston School of I. T. Swinburne University of Technology
[38] 赵明 吕立坚，多层体系结构的EJB组件实现技术，计算机应用研究 2001．12
[39] 王欣 魏生民，基于Java技术的分布式异构数据库Web访问技术，计算机工程与应用 2000．12
[40] 丁晓玲 徐伟平 胡敏，网络化分布式国家重点实验室管理信息系统，实验技术与管理 2001．18
[41] 林建明 陈庆章 赵小敏 吕凌燕，交互式Web应用的JSP实现方案，计算机工程 2001．8
[42] 徐冰 李启炎 朱茜，JSP结构模型与应用分析，计算机应用研究 2001
[43] 吴晨清 荣震华，用JSP-Servlet技术构建Web应用，计算机工程 2001．1
[44] 陆继翔 刘芳珠 潘金贵，JAVA新类库中的MVC结构以及通信实现方法，小型微型计算机系统 1998．12
[45] 孙莹 许俊华 张毅 贺清峰，MVC编程模型在Web程序中的应用及Java实现，计算机工程与应用 2001．6
[46] 张砚秋 陈川 何明德，基于MVC设计模式构筑JSPServlet+EJB的Web应用，计算机工程 2001．11
[47] 姚慧广 赵岳松，Web编程中MVC模型的应用，微机发展 2000．3
[48] 赵明 吕立坚，多层体系结构的EJB组件实现技术，计算机应用研究 2001
[49] 蒋欣欣 查杰民 陆介平，分布式多层WEB应用系统的实现，江苏理工大学学报 2001．3
[50] 蒋志方 许振宇，MVC方法在制造车间物流系统仿真中的应用，计算机应用 1998，8
[51] Erich Gamma；Richard Helm；Ralp Johnson；John Vlissides著，李英军等译，设计模式：可复用面向对象软件的基础，北京：机械工业出版社，2000．9
[52] Alur，D．等著，牛志奇等译，J2EE核心模式(Core J2EE patterns：Best Practices and Design Strategies)，北京：机械工业出版社．2002．1
[53] Siyan，K．S：Weaver，J．著，希望图书创作室译，Java(Inside Java)，北京：宇航出版社，1999．4
[54] Donald S Bell，使用Translator模式构建更好的网站
[55] Eckel．B．著，京京工作室译，Java编程思想(Thinking in Java)，北京：机械工业出版社，1999．4
[56] Paul J．Perrone，et al．著，张志伟，谭郁松，张明杰译，J2EE构建企业系统(专家级解决方案)(Building Java Enterorise Systems with J2EE)，北京：清华大学出版社，2001．6
[57] Myers，T．著；王辉译，Java XML编程指南(Professional Java XML Programming)，北京：电子工业出版社，2001．4
[58] Goodwill，J．等著，邢国庆等译，深入学习：Java Servlet开发与实例(Developing Java Servlets Second Edition)，北京：屯子工业出版社，2001．8