川西坳陷大邑构造须家河组储层特征研究
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摘要
储层是油气勘探和开发的主要研究对象,储层评价是油气藏描述的核心内容,储层预测是石油地质综合研究的最终目的。
论文以四川盆地川西坳陷大邑构造须家河组储层为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,利用岩性、物性、电性及测试资料,对本区须家河组的岩石学、成岩作用和储集特征进行了系统描述,进而对储层进行综合评价,对优质储层发育控制因素作了总结,最后对储层发育有利区带作了预测。
大邑构造是龙门山前缘隐伏构造带内的重点局部构造。本区须家河组地层分为四段,分别为须家河组二段、三段、四段和五段,本次研究以须二、须三和须四段为研究对象。须家河组须二至须四段主体为三角洲相沉积为主。储层储集性相控明显,三角洲平原与三角洲前缘为有利沉积亚相带,而三角洲平原分流河道与天然堤、三角洲前缘水下分流河道为最有利的沉积微相带。
须家河组岩石类型包括岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩、长石石英砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石砂岩等6种岩石类型,以岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。须二至须四段成分与结构成熟度逐渐变差,碎屑组分以富岩屑和贫长石为特征,填隙物以碳酸盐、硅质和粘土矿物为主。
本区成岩作用类型按对储层改造效果分为破坏性和建设性两类,破坏性成岩作用有压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用等,建设性成岩作用类型有溶蚀作用和构造破裂作用。本区成岩阶段演化程度较高,总体处于中成岩B期,早成岩晚期和中成岩早期的溶蚀作用、中成岩晚期的破裂作用是储层储集性改善的重要作用。
本区须家河组储层主要分布于须二段至须四段,储层厚度391.48-648.52m。储层总体以低孔低渗储层为主,须二至须四段物性逐渐变差,横向上大邑101井、大邑4井物性较好。孔隙度分布范围0.57-7.99%,平均2.65%,双峰态分布,主峰为1-3%;渗透率分布范围以〈0.5md为主,含量近90%。储层主要类型为孔隙-裂缝型。孔隙结构具有排驱压力高的特点。孔喉组合类型有微孔微喉、小孔微喉、小孔细喉、中孔细喉、大孔微喉、大孔细喉等6种类型,以中孔细喉型为主,孔隙结构较差;储集空间类型简单,以粒间溶孔、溶孔和裂缝为主,溶孔和裂缝的发育程度决定了储集性。
结合实际地质情况,提出了大邑地区须家河组储层分类评价标准,将储集岩划分为I、II、III、IV类,并对须二至须四段储层进行了综合评价,提出了有利的储层分布区。
系统总结了储层的控制因素:有利的沉积相(微相)带控制了储层的宏观分布,成岩作用是控制储集性的重要因素,构造与破裂作用是形成储层的关键。
Reservoir is the chief research object of hydrocarbon exploration and development. Reservoir evaluation is the core content of reservoir description. The forecast of favorable zone for reservoir prospecting is the ultimate goal of petroleum geology through a integrated research.
In this thesis, Xujiahe formation is the study object,which located at Dayi structure in the Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin.Based on the previous studies, petrology, diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of Xujiahe formation were described systematically using lithologic character, physical property and electrical property datas.Then, a comprehensive reservoir evaluation was made.The main control factors for superior quality reservoir were summarized. As a result, the favorable zone for reservoir development in study area was predicted.
Dayi structure is the major local structure in the buried structure belt located at the front zone of Longmen mountain. Xujiahe formation is divided into four members in this area,named Xujiahe2,3,4 and 5 respectively. This study lays special emphasis on Xujiahe 2(Xu2 for short) ,Xujiahe 3(Xu3 for short)and Xujiahe 4(Xu4 for short). Research result suggests that study area mainly developed delta sediment in the host of Xu2 to 4.The property of reservoir is controlled by sedimentary facies obviously.The most favorable subfacies is delta plain and delta front.And distributary channel and natural levee in delta plain, distributary channel in delta front are the most favorable microfacies.
The rock types of Xujiahe formation mainly include lithic quartz sandstone,feldspar lithic sandstone,lithic sandstone,feldspar quartz sandstone, lithic feldspar sandstone, feldspar sandstone and so on.In these 6 kinds of rock types, lithic quartz sandstone,feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone are dominant.From Xu2 to 4, compositional maturity and textural maturity become bad gradually. The characteristic of detrital component is rich in debris and poor in feldspar. Interstitial material mainly contain carbonate, kiesel and clay mineral.
There are 2 kinds of diagenesis in study area, destructive diagenesis and constructive diagenesis,which divided by the effect to reservoir. Destructive diagenesis include compaction, pressolution, cementation.While, constructive diagenesis include denudation and tectonic cataclasis.Wholly,Xujiahe formation in study area belongs to B period of middle diagenesis with high evolution in diagenetic stage.Denudation in the late period of early diagenetic and early period of middle diagenetic, cataclasis in the late period of middle diagenetic play a important role in reservoir improvement.
In study area, the reservoir of Xujiahe formation located at Xu2 to 4 principally.The range of reservoir thickness is from 391.48 to 648.52m.With low porosity and permeability reservoir in general,its physical property become poorer gradually from Xu2 to Xu4.Horizontally,Dayi 101 and Dayi 4 possess better properties. Porosity range 0.57-7.99%, average 2.65%, bimodal distribution, the main peak is 1-3%.Permeability is less than 0.5md generally, accounting for nearly 90%. The main reservoir space consist of intergranular dissolved pore and fracture.The chief types of reservoir are pore reservoir and pore-fractured reservoir.The characterizer of Pore configuration is high expulsion pressure.The types of consociation is six, including mesopore-slenderthroat, macropore-microthroat, macropore-slenderthroat and so on.With mesopore-slenderthroat dominanted, pore structure is not fine. The type of reservoir space is simple.Intergranular dissolved pore, dissolved pore and fracture is the main reservoir space.The degree of development of dissolved pore and fracture determines the reservoir property.
Combined with the actual geological conditions,reservoir categories and valuation criteria are proposed.The categories of reservior in Xujiahe formation can be divided into four kinds, I, II, III, IV ,and a comprehensive reservoir evaluation for Xu2 to 4 is made.Finally,this paper points out the favorable reservoir distribution. The main control factors of reservoir is summaried systematically : favorable sedimentary facies (microfacies) master reservoir distribution macroscopically, diagenesis is an essential factor to dominate the reservoir property, tectonism and cataclasis is the key to the formation of reservoir.
论文以四川盆地川西坳陷大邑构造须家河组储层为研究对象,在前人研究的基础上,利用岩性、物性、电性及测试资料,对本区须家河组的岩石学、成岩作用和储集特征进行了系统描述,进而对储层进行综合评价,对优质储层发育控制因素作了总结,最后对储层发育有利区带作了预测。
大邑构造是龙门山前缘隐伏构造带内的重点局部构造。本区须家河组地层分为四段,分别为须家河组二段、三段、四段和五段,本次研究以须二、须三和须四段为研究对象。须家河组须二至须四段主体为三角洲相沉积为主。储层储集性相控明显,三角洲平原与三角洲前缘为有利沉积亚相带,而三角洲平原分流河道与天然堤、三角洲前缘水下分流河道为最有利的沉积微相带。
须家河组岩石类型包括岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩、岩屑砂岩、长石石英砂岩、岩屑长石砂岩、长石砂岩等6种岩石类型,以岩屑石英砂岩、长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑砂岩为主。须二至须四段成分与结构成熟度逐渐变差,碎屑组分以富岩屑和贫长石为特征,填隙物以碳酸盐、硅质和粘土矿物为主。
本区成岩作用类型按对储层改造效果分为破坏性和建设性两类,破坏性成岩作用有压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用等,建设性成岩作用类型有溶蚀作用和构造破裂作用。本区成岩阶段演化程度较高,总体处于中成岩B期,早成岩晚期和中成岩早期的溶蚀作用、中成岩晚期的破裂作用是储层储集性改善的重要作用。
本区须家河组储层主要分布于须二段至须四段,储层厚度391.48-648.52m。储层总体以低孔低渗储层为主,须二至须四段物性逐渐变差,横向上大邑101井、大邑4井物性较好。孔隙度分布范围0.57-7.99%,平均2.65%,双峰态分布,主峰为1-3%;渗透率分布范围以〈0.5md为主,含量近90%。储层主要类型为孔隙-裂缝型。孔隙结构具有排驱压力高的特点。孔喉组合类型有微孔微喉、小孔微喉、小孔细喉、中孔细喉、大孔微喉、大孔细喉等6种类型,以中孔细喉型为主,孔隙结构较差;储集空间类型简单,以粒间溶孔、溶孔和裂缝为主,溶孔和裂缝的发育程度决定了储集性。
结合实际地质情况,提出了大邑地区须家河组储层分类评价标准,将储集岩划分为I、II、III、IV类,并对须二至须四段储层进行了综合评价,提出了有利的储层分布区。
系统总结了储层的控制因素:有利的沉积相(微相)带控制了储层的宏观分布,成岩作用是控制储集性的重要因素,构造与破裂作用是形成储层的关键。
Reservoir is the chief research object of hydrocarbon exploration and development. Reservoir evaluation is the core content of reservoir description. The forecast of favorable zone for reservoir prospecting is the ultimate goal of petroleum geology through a integrated research.
In this thesis, Xujiahe formation is the study object,which located at Dayi structure in the Western Sichuan Depression,Sichuan Basin.Based on the previous studies, petrology, diagenesis and reservoir characteristics of Xujiahe formation were described systematically using lithologic character, physical property and electrical property datas.Then, a comprehensive reservoir evaluation was made.The main control factors for superior quality reservoir were summarized. As a result, the favorable zone for reservoir development in study area was predicted.
Dayi structure is the major local structure in the buried structure belt located at the front zone of Longmen mountain. Xujiahe formation is divided into four members in this area,named Xujiahe2,3,4 and 5 respectively. This study lays special emphasis on Xujiahe 2(Xu2 for short) ,Xujiahe 3(Xu3 for short)and Xujiahe 4(Xu4 for short). Research result suggests that study area mainly developed delta sediment in the host of Xu2 to 4.The property of reservoir is controlled by sedimentary facies obviously.The most favorable subfacies is delta plain and delta front.And distributary channel and natural levee in delta plain, distributary channel in delta front are the most favorable microfacies.
The rock types of Xujiahe formation mainly include lithic quartz sandstone,feldspar lithic sandstone,lithic sandstone,feldspar quartz sandstone, lithic feldspar sandstone, feldspar sandstone and so on.In these 6 kinds of rock types, lithic quartz sandstone,feldspar lithic sandstone and lithic sandstone are dominant.From Xu2 to 4, compositional maturity and textural maturity become bad gradually. The characteristic of detrital component is rich in debris and poor in feldspar. Interstitial material mainly contain carbonate, kiesel and clay mineral.
There are 2 kinds of diagenesis in study area, destructive diagenesis and constructive diagenesis,which divided by the effect to reservoir. Destructive diagenesis include compaction, pressolution, cementation.While, constructive diagenesis include denudation and tectonic cataclasis.Wholly,Xujiahe formation in study area belongs to B period of middle diagenesis with high evolution in diagenetic stage.Denudation in the late period of early diagenetic and early period of middle diagenetic, cataclasis in the late period of middle diagenetic play a important role in reservoir improvement.
In study area, the reservoir of Xujiahe formation located at Xu2 to 4 principally.The range of reservoir thickness is from 391.48 to 648.52m.With low porosity and permeability reservoir in general,its physical property become poorer gradually from Xu2 to Xu4.Horizontally,Dayi 101 and Dayi 4 possess better properties. Porosity range 0.57-7.99%, average 2.65%, bimodal distribution, the main peak is 1-3%.Permeability is less than 0.5md generally, accounting for nearly 90%. The main reservoir space consist of intergranular dissolved pore and fracture.The chief types of reservoir are pore reservoir and pore-fractured reservoir.The characterizer of Pore configuration is high expulsion pressure.The types of consociation is six, including mesopore-slenderthroat, macropore-microthroat, macropore-slenderthroat and so on.With mesopore-slenderthroat dominanted, pore structure is not fine. The type of reservoir space is simple.Intergranular dissolved pore, dissolved pore and fracture is the main reservoir space.The degree of development of dissolved pore and fracture determines the reservoir property.
Combined with the actual geological conditions,reservoir categories and valuation criteria are proposed.The categories of reservior in Xujiahe formation can be divided into four kinds, I, II, III, IV ,and a comprehensive reservoir evaluation for Xu2 to 4 is made.Finally,this paper points out the favorable reservoir distribution. The main control factors of reservoir is summaried systematically : favorable sedimentary facies (microfacies) master reservoir distribution macroscopically, diagenesis is an essential factor to dominate the reservoir property, tectonism and cataclasis is the key to the formation of reservoir.
引文
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