小型独立BIPV系统的设计
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摘要
随着社会的发展和科技的进步,人类对能源的需求量也越来越大,化石燃料正迅速减少,而价格也越来越高。与此同时,生态环境也因化石燃料的使用而日趋恶化。人类迫切需要一种可再生的绿色能源来满足能源需求,而太阳能显然是最佳的选择。而太阳能这种能源是一种可以在任何有阳光的地方就可以利用的能源,所以备受人类青睐。太阳能的使用已经从最初的边远地区和缺电地区逐步转移到发达国家城市的使用,从简单的安装光伏组件,到现在能够把光伏组件和建筑进行很好的结合,使得太阳能发电得到更广阔的发展空间,“光伏建筑一体化”(BIPV)的概念于1991年被正式提出。
本文介绍了光伏系统的种类和特征,并介绍了组成光伏系统的各个主要部分,包括太阳能电池板、逆变器、蓄电池、电力调控器等。在介绍完系统组成后紧接着讲解BIPV系统的设计流程,包括场地选取、负荷分析、确定系统大小以及关键元件的选取,这是设计一套性能优良的BIPV系统所必需的。具备了清晰的设计思路之后便是对光伏系统的计算机仿真,使用的软件为专业的光伏系统设计与分析软件PVSYST。经过PVSYST的全面仿真与分析,设计出的系统不但性能优良,而且关键元件匹配良好,湖南神州光电能源有限公司采纳了此系统的设计方案并将其作为示范工程在其工业园区了建造了此BIPV住宅。
With the development of society and progress of technology, the demand for energy is increasing, but with the energy decreased in amount, the prices is going up constantly. Meanwhile, the ecology environment is being destroyed due to the use of the fossil fuel. We urgently need a renewable and green energy source to meet the growing demand of energy consumption, and the solar energy is undoubtedly the best choice. As a energy we can get where the sunshine exists, solar energy has been paid to more and more attention, and the place for application is initially from remote areas and the region lack of electricity gradually to cities in developed country, from simply installing solar modules to integrating the solar modules into the buildings very well nowadays, which offers the solar PV energy generation much more broad space for development, and the concept of "Building Integrated Photovoltaics" was formally put forward in 1991.
This subject introduces the PV System's types and features, as well as the main components in PV Systems, including solar panels, inverters, batteries, power conditioners and so on. After the introduction of PV System's components, it then explains the design process of BIPV Systems, including the site selection, load analysis, system sizing and key component selection, and these are necessary for the design of BIPV System with excellent performance. With a clear design idea, the next step is PV Systems simulation using professional software PVSYST. After overall simulation and analysis by PVSYST, the BIPV System not only has very good performance, but the system key components also match well. Hunan Sun Zone optoelectronics Energy Co. Ltd have adopted the design proposal and built the BIPV housing in its industry zone as a demonstration project.
本文介绍了光伏系统的种类和特征,并介绍了组成光伏系统的各个主要部分,包括太阳能电池板、逆变器、蓄电池、电力调控器等。在介绍完系统组成后紧接着讲解BIPV系统的设计流程,包括场地选取、负荷分析、确定系统大小以及关键元件的选取,这是设计一套性能优良的BIPV系统所必需的。具备了清晰的设计思路之后便是对光伏系统的计算机仿真,使用的软件为专业的光伏系统设计与分析软件PVSYST。经过PVSYST的全面仿真与分析,设计出的系统不但性能优良,而且关键元件匹配良好,湖南神州光电能源有限公司采纳了此系统的设计方案并将其作为示范工程在其工业园区了建造了此BIPV住宅。
With the development of society and progress of technology, the demand for energy is increasing, but with the energy decreased in amount, the prices is going up constantly. Meanwhile, the ecology environment is being destroyed due to the use of the fossil fuel. We urgently need a renewable and green energy source to meet the growing demand of energy consumption, and the solar energy is undoubtedly the best choice. As a energy we can get where the sunshine exists, solar energy has been paid to more and more attention, and the place for application is initially from remote areas and the region lack of electricity gradually to cities in developed country, from simply installing solar modules to integrating the solar modules into the buildings very well nowadays, which offers the solar PV energy generation much more broad space for development, and the concept of "Building Integrated Photovoltaics" was formally put forward in 1991.
This subject introduces the PV System's types and features, as well as the main components in PV Systems, including solar panels, inverters, batteries, power conditioners and so on. After the introduction of PV System's components, it then explains the design process of BIPV Systems, including the site selection, load analysis, system sizing and key component selection, and these are necessary for the design of BIPV System with excellent performance. With a clear design idea, the next step is PV Systems simulation using professional software PVSYST. After overall simulation and analysis by PVSYST, the BIPV System not only has very good performance, but the system key components also match well. Hunan Sun Zone optoelectronics Energy Co. Ltd have adopted the design proposal and built the BIPV housing in its industry zone as a demonstration project.
引文
[1]邢运民,陶永红.现代能源与发电技术.西安：西安电子科技大学出版社,2007
[2]王长贵.中国太阳光伏发电发展现状与未来展望.阳光能源,2004,(4)：4-17
[3]严陆光,我国大规模非水可再生能源发电的前景.电器工业,2009,(5)：6-10
[4]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[5]Hiroshi Kawamoto, Kumi Okuwada. Development Trend for High Purity Silicon Raw Material Technologies. Science & Technology Trends,2007, (24):38-50
[6]Joachim Benemann. Building-integrated PV modules. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,2001, (6):345-354
[7]X.S.Cai, Renewable Energies:present & future. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2005,24(1):69-75
[8]董玉峰,王万录,韩大星.美国光伏发电与百万屋顶计划.国际电力,1999,(1)：29
[9]钟国锋.只为那姹紫嫣红添亮彩——深圳国际园林花卉博览园1MW并网太阳能光伏电站.建设科技,2005,(5)：22-23
[10]龙文志.太阳能光伏建筑一体化.建筑技术,2009,40(9)：835-839
[11]YOO Seung-Ho, LEE Eun-Tack, Efficiency characteristic of building integrated photovoltaics as a shading device. Building and Environment,2002,37(6): 615-623
[12]AbuBakr S, Bahaj. Photovoltaic roofing:issues of design and integration into buildings. Renewable energy,2003,28(14):2195-2204
[13]C Roecker, P Affolter, J Bonvin, J B Gay. PV Building elements. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.1995(36):381
[14]C L Cheng, C Y Chan, C L Chen. Empirical approach to BIPV evaluation of solar irradiation for building applications. Renewable Energy,2005,30(7): 1055-1074
[15]杨金焕,赵春江葛亮,陈中华.不停电独立光伏系统的优化设计.新能源及工艺.2007,(1)：30-32
[16]卢琳,殳国华,张仕文.基于MPPT的智能太阳能充电系统研究.电力电子 技术,2006,41(2)：96-98
[17]许美蓉.独立光伏系统逆变电源研制：[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学,2006.26-37
[18]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2000,9
[19]杜朝波,卢勇,严玉廷.并网光伏发电系统运行特性分析.云南电力技术,2009,37(3)：6-8
[20]陈雷,石新春,赵艳军,王艳玲.太阳能光伏并网发电系统中孤岛效应的仿真研究.灯与照明,2009,33(1)：59-62
[21]金结红,余晓东.光伏并网系统反孤岛控制策略研究.通信电源技术.2008,25(6)：20-22
[22]孙云,王俊清,杜兆峰等.CIS和CIGS薄膜太阳电池的研究.太阳能学报,2001,(2)：192-195.
[23]N B Chaure, J Young, A P Samantilleke, et al. Electrodeposition of p-i-n type CuInSe2 multilayers for photovoltaic applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.2004,81(1):125-133
[24]Deb S K. Recent development in high efficiency PV cells.Renewable energy, 1998,15(1/4):467-472
[25]杨术明,李富友,黄春辉.染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池.化学通报,2005,(5)：292-296
[26]李斌,邱勇.染料敏化纳米太阳能电池.感光科学与光化学,2000,18(4)：336-347
[27]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.逆变电源实用技术.北京：中国电力出版社,2005,3
[28]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用.北京：机械工业出版社,2006,46-59
[29]J A Gow, C O Manning. Photovoltaic Converter System Suitable for Use in Small Scale Stand-along or Grid-Connected Appl icat ions. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings,2000,147(6):535-543
[30]崔开涌,张翼,俞俊杰等.一种单相光伏系统并网策略研究.变频器世界.2008,(10)：41-44
[31]E Koutroulis, K Kalaitzakis. Novel battery charging regulation system for photovoltaic applications. IEE Proceedings Electric PowerApplications,2004, 151(2):191-197
[32]M Fernandez. Developmcat of a VRLA battery with improved separators and a charge controller for low cost photovoltaic and wind powered installations. Journal of Power sources 2001, (95):135-140
[33]B Tsenter. Battery Charger and Method of Charging Nickel Based Batteries. U. S. Pat,6313605,2001-11-6
[34]史云鹏,王莹莹,李培芳.光伏系统中蓄电池充放电方案的探讨.太阳能学报,2005,26(1)：86-89
[35]李钊年,段善旭.具有MPPT功能的智能户用光伏充电系统研究.可再生能源,2007,25(5)：13-15
[36]Reinhard Haas.The Value of Photovoltaic Electricity for Society. Solar Energy, 1995,5(1):25-31
[37]Franz Trieb, Ole Langnib, Helmut Klaib. Solar Electricity Generation:A Comparative View of Technologies, Costs and Environmental Impact. Solar Energy,1997,59(1-3):89-99
[38]Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Takayoshi Inoue. A Controlling Method for Charging Photovoltaic Generation Power Obtained by a MPPT Control Method to Series Connected Ultra-Electric Double Layer capacitors. IEEE,2004, (4):2264-2271
[39]余世杰,何慧若,曹仁贤.光伏水泵系统中CVT及MPPT的控制比较.太阳能学报,1998,19(4)：394-398
[40]Nicola Femia, Giovanni Petrone, Giovanni Spagnuolo, at al. Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2005,20(4):963-973
[41]K H Hussein, I Muta, T Hoshino, et al. Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. IEEE Proc. Generation, Transmission and Distribution,1995,142(1):59-64
[42]M Matsui, T Kitano, De-hong Xu, et al. A New Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking Control Scheme Based on Power Equilibrium at DC Link. Industrial Electronics Society Proceedings,1999, (1):804-809
[43]J Samimi, E A Soleimani, M S Zabihi. Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic Systems in Varied Climates. Solar Energy,1997 60(2):97-107
[44]王炳忠.地表斜面上辐射量的计算.太阳能,2000,(3)：20-21
[45]杨金焕.固定式光伏方阵最佳倾角的分析.太阳能学报,1992,13(1)：86-92
[46]杨金焕,陈中华,汪征宏.光伏方阵最佳倾角的计算.新能源.2000,22(5)：6-9
[47]马建荣,王菊芬.光伏发电系统中蓄电池充放电控制策略研究.大学物理实验,2004,17(4)：4-8
[48]郭同生.光伏系统逆变器数字控制技术研究：[西安交通大学硕士学位论文],西安：西安交通大学,2003,35-42
[2]王长贵.中国太阳光伏发电发展现状与未来展望.阳光能源,2004,(4)：4-17
[3]严陆光,我国大规模非水可再生能源发电的前景.电器工业,2009,(5)：6-10
[4]沈辉,曾祖勤.太阳能光伏发电技术.北京：化学工业出版社,2005
[5]Hiroshi Kawamoto, Kumi Okuwada. Development Trend for High Purity Silicon Raw Material Technologies. Science & Technology Trends,2007, (24):38-50
[6]Joachim Benemann. Building-integrated PV modules. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells,2001, (6):345-354
[7]X.S.Cai, Renewable Energies:present & future. Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy,2005,24(1):69-75
[8]董玉峰,王万录,韩大星.美国光伏发电与百万屋顶计划.国际电力,1999,(1)：29
[9]钟国锋.只为那姹紫嫣红添亮彩——深圳国际园林花卉博览园1MW并网太阳能光伏电站.建设科技,2005,(5)：22-23
[10]龙文志.太阳能光伏建筑一体化.建筑技术,2009,40(9)：835-839
[11]YOO Seung-Ho, LEE Eun-Tack, Efficiency characteristic of building integrated photovoltaics as a shading device. Building and Environment,2002,37(6): 615-623
[12]AbuBakr S, Bahaj. Photovoltaic roofing:issues of design and integration into buildings. Renewable energy,2003,28(14):2195-2204
[13]C Roecker, P Affolter, J Bonvin, J B Gay. PV Building elements. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.1995(36):381
[14]C L Cheng, C Y Chan, C L Chen. Empirical approach to BIPV evaluation of solar irradiation for building applications. Renewable Energy,2005,30(7): 1055-1074
[15]杨金焕,赵春江葛亮,陈中华.不停电独立光伏系统的优化设计.新能源及工艺.2007,(1)：30-32
[16]卢琳,殳国华,张仕文.基于MPPT的智能太阳能充电系统研究.电力电子 技术,2006,41(2)：96-98
[17]许美蓉.独立光伏系统逆变电源研制：[东南大学硕士学位论文].南京：东南大学,2006.26-37
[18]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用.北京：科学出版社,2000,9
[19]杜朝波,卢勇,严玉廷.并网光伏发电系统运行特性分析.云南电力技术,2009,37(3)：6-8
[20]陈雷,石新春,赵艳军,王艳玲.太阳能光伏并网发电系统中孤岛效应的仿真研究.灯与照明,2009,33(1)：59-62
[21]金结红,余晓东.光伏并网系统反孤岛控制策略研究.通信电源技术.2008,25(6)：20-22
[22]孙云,王俊清,杜兆峰等.CIS和CIGS薄膜太阳电池的研究.太阳能学报,2001,(2)：192-195.
[23]N B Chaure, J Young, A P Samantilleke, et al. Electrodeposition of p-i-n type CuInSe2 multilayers for photovoltaic applications. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells.2004,81(1):125-133
[24]Deb S K. Recent development in high efficiency PV cells.Renewable energy, 1998,15(1/4):467-472
[25]杨术明,李富友,黄春辉.染料敏化纳米晶太阳能电池.化学通报,2005,(5)：292-296
[26]李斌,邱勇.染料敏化纳米太阳能电池.感光科学与光化学,2000,18(4)：336-347
[27]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.逆变电源实用技术.北京：中国电力出版社,2005,3
[28]刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用.北京：机械工业出版社,2006,46-59
[29]J A Gow, C O Manning. Photovoltaic Converter System Suitable for Use in Small Scale Stand-along or Grid-Connected Appl icat ions. Electric Power Applications, IEE Proceedings,2000,147(6):535-543
[30]崔开涌,张翼,俞俊杰等.一种单相光伏系统并网策略研究.变频器世界.2008,(10)：41-44
[31]E Koutroulis, K Kalaitzakis. Novel battery charging regulation system for photovoltaic applications. IEE Proceedings Electric PowerApplications,2004, 151(2):191-197
[32]M Fernandez. Developmcat of a VRLA battery with improved separators and a charge controller for low cost photovoltaic and wind powered installations. Journal of Power sources 2001, (95):135-140
[33]B Tsenter. Battery Charger and Method of Charging Nickel Based Batteries. U. S. Pat,6313605,2001-11-6
[34]史云鹏,王莹莹,李培芳.光伏系统中蓄电池充放电方案的探讨.太阳能学报,2005,26(1)：86-89
[35]李钊年,段善旭.具有MPPT功能的智能户用光伏充电系统研究.可再生能源,2007,25(5)：13-15
[36]Reinhard Haas.The Value of Photovoltaic Electricity for Society. Solar Energy, 1995,5(1):25-31
[37]Franz Trieb, Ole Langnib, Helmut Klaib. Solar Electricity Generation:A Comparative View of Technologies, Costs and Environmental Impact. Solar Energy,1997,59(1-3):89-99
[38]Nobuyoshi Mutoh, Takayoshi Inoue. A Controlling Method for Charging Photovoltaic Generation Power Obtained by a MPPT Control Method to Series Connected Ultra-Electric Double Layer capacitors. IEEE,2004, (4):2264-2271
[39]余世杰,何慧若,曹仁贤.光伏水泵系统中CVT及MPPT的控制比较.太阳能学报,1998,19(4)：394-398
[40]Nicola Femia, Giovanni Petrone, Giovanni Spagnuolo, at al. Optimization of Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking Method. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics,2005,20(4):963-973
[41]K H Hussein, I Muta, T Hoshino, et al. Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking: an algorithm for rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. IEEE Proc. Generation, Transmission and Distribution,1995,142(1):59-64
[42]M Matsui, T Kitano, De-hong Xu, et al. A New Maximum Photovoltaic Power Tracking Control Scheme Based on Power Equilibrium at DC Link. Industrial Electronics Society Proceedings,1999, (1):804-809
[43]J Samimi, E A Soleimani, M S Zabihi. Optimal Sizing of Photovoltaic Systems in Varied Climates. Solar Energy,1997 60(2):97-107
[44]王炳忠.地表斜面上辐射量的计算.太阳能,2000,(3)：20-21
[45]杨金焕.固定式光伏方阵最佳倾角的分析.太阳能学报,1992,13(1)：86-92
[46]杨金焕,陈中华,汪征宏.光伏方阵最佳倾角的计算.新能源.2000,22(5)：6-9
[47]马建荣,王菊芬.光伏发电系统中蓄电池充放电控制策略研究.大学物理实验,2004,17(4)：4-8
[48]郭同生.光伏系统逆变器数字控制技术研究：[西安交通大学硕士学位论文],西安：西安交通大学,2003,35-42