基于GIS的矿区开采沉陷三维可视化技术研究
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摘要
三维可视化技术是计算机技术和信息技术发展的一个热门研究方向。地理信息系统是一种具有收集、处理、存取、管理、分析和决策等功能的空间信息系统。三维可视化技术和GIS技术的结合,通过视觉效果来对信息进行直观获取,可以解决二维平面上以图形符号来表达空间世界的局限性。
在分析地形可视化理论和应用现状的基础上,本文通过对矿区地形和开采沉陷数据的处理和分析,建立DEM,以实现矿区开采沉陷的可视化。本文重点研究以下三个方面:
1.数字高程模型的数据获取。首先从CAD地形图里提取地形地物信息,详细介绍高程点和等高线的提取,并剔除高程点和等高线数据的粗差;其次对地物进行分层提取,获得开采前各个地形地物的数据;然后结合顾桥矿地质采矿条件,应用概率积分法获得预计下沉数据;最后为方便数据统一管理,进行格式转换。
2.介绍TIN的数据结构、特点和生成算法,通过对沉陷区地面高程的处理,融合预计下沉数据和原始地形数据,获得开采沉陷区域的地面高程模型;通过建立开采区的地物模型,依据区域的地质条件、地表状况、水域分布等地理因素和视觉效果,采用分层着色模式,实现受开采影响的沉陷区域的三维可视化。
3.对目前流行的系统开发技术,包括面向对象和组件编程技术进行了论述,选择功能强大的ArcEngine软件包进行二次开发,根据对模型的认识,对其从数据组织与管理,可视化核心模块和三维分析应用平台三个方面进行分析,从整体上提出一个全面的、开放式的应用程序构架,研制出矿区开采沉陷桌面软件。并且结合顾桥煤矿首采面进行实例分析,显示出矿区开采沉陷的三维图形。
Three dimensional visualization technology is apopular research direction in computer technology and information technology development. Geographic information system is a spatial information system which has the function such as collection, processing, access, management analysis and decision-making. The union of three dimensional visualization technology and the GIS technology, carry on the direct-viewing gain information comes through the visual effect, it can solve the limitation which 2D(two-dimensional) use graphic symbol to express spatial world.
On the basis of analysis the terrain visualization theory and the application status, this article establishes DEM through processing and analysis the mining area terrain and mining subsidence data processing ,to realize the mining subsidence visualization in mining area. This article studies following three aspects with emphasis:
1. Data acquisition of digital elevation model. First, distill the terrain and surface features information from the CAD topographic map, introduce elevation points and contour extraction in details, and getting rid of gross errors from elevation points and contour; Second,followed by extraction of stratified features, access various terrain features of the data in pre-exploitation; Third, combine the mining geological conditions of Guqiao, achieve subsidence data by the application of probability-integral method; Finally, facilitate data management, by carry on format conversion.
2. Introducte TIN data structure and characteristics, as well as the generation algorithm, through processing the elevation of the ground of the subsidence area, integration prediction data to sink and the basis data of ground, get the ground elevation model in the region that in the impact of accessing to coal mining subsidence ; through the establishment of mining area features model, use analysis layer color render model, which based on regional geological conditions, surface conditions, geographical factors, water distribution and the visual effects, to realize three-dimensional visualization in mining subsidence.
Discuss the current popular systems development technologies, including object-oriented programming techniques and components programming techniques, choose Arc Engine which it is a powerful software package to carry on the secondary development of knowledge , based on acquaintanceship to the model, analysis from the three aspects as its organization and management from the data, the core modules of Visualization and three-dimensional application platform , proposed a comprehensive, opened application framework from the overall, developed a desktop software of mining subsidence. Guqiao combined with surface coal mining for the first case study, showing that the mining areas of mining subsidence of the three-dimensional graphics.
在分析地形可视化理论和应用现状的基础上,本文通过对矿区地形和开采沉陷数据的处理和分析,建立DEM,以实现矿区开采沉陷的可视化。本文重点研究以下三个方面:
1.数字高程模型的数据获取。首先从CAD地形图里提取地形地物信息,详细介绍高程点和等高线的提取,并剔除高程点和等高线数据的粗差;其次对地物进行分层提取,获得开采前各个地形地物的数据;然后结合顾桥矿地质采矿条件,应用概率积分法获得预计下沉数据;最后为方便数据统一管理,进行格式转换。
2.介绍TIN的数据结构、特点和生成算法,通过对沉陷区地面高程的处理,融合预计下沉数据和原始地形数据,获得开采沉陷区域的地面高程模型;通过建立开采区的地物模型,依据区域的地质条件、地表状况、水域分布等地理因素和视觉效果,采用分层着色模式,实现受开采影响的沉陷区域的三维可视化。
3.对目前流行的系统开发技术,包括面向对象和组件编程技术进行了论述,选择功能强大的ArcEngine软件包进行二次开发,根据对模型的认识,对其从数据组织与管理,可视化核心模块和三维分析应用平台三个方面进行分析,从整体上提出一个全面的、开放式的应用程序构架,研制出矿区开采沉陷桌面软件。并且结合顾桥煤矿首采面进行实例分析,显示出矿区开采沉陷的三维图形。
Three dimensional visualization technology is apopular research direction in computer technology and information technology development. Geographic information system is a spatial information system which has the function such as collection, processing, access, management analysis and decision-making. The union of three dimensional visualization technology and the GIS technology, carry on the direct-viewing gain information comes through the visual effect, it can solve the limitation which 2D(two-dimensional) use graphic symbol to express spatial world.
On the basis of analysis the terrain visualization theory and the application status, this article establishes DEM through processing and analysis the mining area terrain and mining subsidence data processing ,to realize the mining subsidence visualization in mining area. This article studies following three aspects with emphasis:
1. Data acquisition of digital elevation model. First, distill the terrain and surface features information from the CAD topographic map, introduce elevation points and contour extraction in details, and getting rid of gross errors from elevation points and contour; Second,followed by extraction of stratified features, access various terrain features of the data in pre-exploitation; Third, combine the mining geological conditions of Guqiao, achieve subsidence data by the application of probability-integral method; Finally, facilitate data management, by carry on format conversion.
2. Introducte TIN data structure and characteristics, as well as the generation algorithm, through processing the elevation of the ground of the subsidence area, integration prediction data to sink and the basis data of ground, get the ground elevation model in the region that in the impact of accessing to coal mining subsidence ; through the establishment of mining area features model, use analysis layer color render model, which based on regional geological conditions, surface conditions, geographical factors, water distribution and the visual effects, to realize three-dimensional visualization in mining subsidence.
Discuss the current popular systems development technologies, including object-oriented programming techniques and components programming techniques, choose Arc Engine which it is a powerful software package to carry on the secondary development of knowledge , based on acquaintanceship to the model, analysis from the three aspects as its organization and management from the data, the core modules of Visualization and three-dimensional application platform , proposed a comprehensive, opened application framework from the overall, developed a desktop software of mining subsidence. Guqiao combined with surface coal mining for the first case study, showing that the mining areas of mining subsidence of the three-dimensional graphics.
引文
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[3]王颖.辽宁省矿山地质灾害现状及趋分析[J].2004地质灾害调查与监测技术方法现场研讨会[A].北京:中国地质调查局,2004,11,349-354
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[9] Kamat, Vineet Rajendra. VITASCOPE: extensible and scalable 3D vsualization of smulated construction operations [D]. American: Harvard,2003
[10] C Lewerentz, F Simon.Metrics-based 3D visualization of large object-oriented programs [J]. Visualizing software for undersranding and ayalysis,2002(8):70-77
[11] Angela altmaier et al.application and soulutions for interoperable 3d geo-visualization [J]. TH kilbe-proceedings of the photogrammertric,2003:60-75
[12]陈良键,黄智仁.影像特征提取与立体匹配之结合人工建筑物侦测之研究[A].第二届两岸测绘学术研讨会暨第七届测绘学术与应用研讨会论文集,台南,1998年9月:777-786
[13]蔡玉慧,王蜀嘉.以区块成长法与大比例尺彩色航空影像内筛选房屋区块[A].第二届两岸测绘学术研讨会暨第七届测绘学术与应用研讨会论文集,台南,1998年9月:564-570
[14] Wu LX,et al.3D GEO-science Modeling Based on Generalized T ri-Prism (GTP) Model[C]. Computers & Geosciences,2003:60-65
[15]李清泉等.三维空间数据的实时获取、建模与可视化[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003
[16]吴飞.基于等高线数据建立高质量DEM[D]武汉:武汉大学,2005
[17]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉测绘科技大学出版社,2000
[18]戴吾蛟,邹峥嵘.基于体素的三维GIS数据结构的[J].研究矿山测量,2001(1):20-22
[19]李清泉等.三维空间数据的实时获取、建模与可视化[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003
[20]杜培军,郭达志,田艳凤.顾及矿山特性的三维GIS数据结构与可视化[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001(3):25-27
[21]程朋根,龚健雅.地勘工程三维空间数据模型及其数据结构设计[J].测绘学报,2001,3 0(1): 74-81
[22]徐青.地形三维可视化技术[M].北京:测绘出版社,2000
[23]金为铣等.摄影测量学[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001
[24]健雅.地理信息系统基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[25]李志林,朱庆.数字高程模型[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2001
[26]乌伦等.地理信息系统-原理、方法和应用[M].北京:科学出版壮,2001
[27]徐芝纶.弹性力学(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1990
[28]王绍锋.三维数字地质模型的研究与实现[D].沈阳:东北大学,2005
[29]煤炭科学研究总院北京开采研究所.煤矿地表移动与覆岩破坏规律及其应用[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1981
[30] A.A.Baryakh, E.A.Telegina. Prediction of the intensive surface subsidence in mining potash series [J].Journal of Mining Science,2005,41(4):312~319
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