异育银鲫对常用饲料蛋白源生物利用性的研究
|
摘要
以我国重要的经济养殖鱼类异育银鲫[allogynogenetic crucian carp]为试验材料,全面系统地评价了其对十种常用蛋白源的生物利用性,在此基础上进一步研究了棉粕及棉酚对异育银鲫生长性能、生理机能及肝脏和肠道组织结构的影响,为异育银鲫饲料配方优化提供基础数据,也为其它鱼类饲料配方优化提供参考。
试验一按照“70%基础饲料+30%被测原料”的饲料配制方法,用三氧化二铬做指示剂,配制了十组试验饲料,基础饲料作为对照,在PVC水簇箱中进行为期60天的试验。测定了十一种饲料对异育银鲫鱼种(体重10.1±0.7g)的增重率、特定生长率、全鱼体成分、饲料效率、蛋白质效率等指标和异育银鲫鱼种对鱼粉、血粉、米糠、麦芽根、豆粕、花生粕、花生饼、菜粕、棉粕、玉米蛋白粉等十种常用的饲料原料的干物质、蛋白质、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率。结果表明:异育银鲫的增重率分别为基础组95.71%、鱼粉组124.36%、血粉组113.69%、棉粕组109.59%、花生饼组97.56%、花生粕组93.65%、玉米蛋白粉组93.56%、菜粕组86.47%、豆粕组86.30%、米糠组81.27%、麦芽根组59.90%,鱼粉组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),血粉组和棉粕组显著高于其它植物蛋白源组(P<0.05),特定生长率分别为基础组1.10%?day-1、鱼粉组1.32%?day-1、血粉组1.24%?day-1、棉粕组1.21%?day-1、花生饼组1.11%?day-1、花生粕组1.08%?day-1、玉米蛋白粉组1.08%?day-1、菜粕组1.02%?day-1、豆粕组1.01%?day-1、米糠组0.97%?day-1、麦芽根组0.76%?day-1,鱼粉组、血粉组和棉粕组显著高于其它蛋白源组(P<0.05);十一种饲料对异育银鲫全鱼体成分无显著影响(P>0.05),异育银鲫对十种原料的干物质表观消化率分别为米糠70.1%、麦芽根55.9%、玉米蛋白粉73.8%、花生饼89.6%、花生粕78.7%、豆粕57.9%、菜粕76.2%、棉粕82.8%、血粉84.4%、鱼粉77.5%,其中花生饼、花生粕、棉粕、菜粕、血粉、鱼粉间差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋白质表观消化率分别为米糠82.8%、麦芽根82.7%、玉米蛋白粉85.4%、花生饼98.9%、花生粕89.7%、豆粕84.8%、菜粕93.5%、棉粕93.3%、血粉95.4%、鱼粉88.3%,花生饼、菜粕、棉粕、血粉间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对十种原料的脂肪表观消化率分别为米糠78.5%、麦芽根69.7%、玉米蛋白粉84.7%、花生饼92.3%、花生粕87.7%、豆粕95.2%、菜粕89.9%、棉粕96.7%、血粉93.6%、鱼粉93.8%,麦芽根显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。能量表观消化率分别为米糠78.9%、麦芽根62.3%、玉米蛋白粉80.0%、花生饼94.5%、花生粕84.8%、豆粕68.9%、菜粕83.3%、棉粕86.3%、血粉88.5%、鱼粉86.3%,其中棉粕、血粉、鱼粉组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。本试验结果提示,棉粕是异育银鲫优质的植物蛋白源。
试验二分别用0%、20%、40%、56%的棉粕,配制四组等蛋白水平(40%)的试验饲料,饲喂平均体重为19.5g的异育银鲫180天,并在60天、120天时取样两次,探讨异育银鲫配合饲料中棉粕的适宜使用量。结果表明:40%棉粕用量组异育银鲫生长性能最佳,增重率最高(为524.79%),饲料系数最小(为1.33),蛋白质效率最高(为177.88%),肥满度最大(为3.14g/cm3)。棉粕试验组异育银鲫的生长性能均高于对照组,棉粕对异育银鲫全鱼体成分、成活率、生理机能、肝脏及肠道组织结构无明显不良影响,但棉粕能增加异育银鲫肌肉水分含量,降低内脏指数。本试验结果提示,棉粕在异育银鲫配合饲料中使用可达56%,不会对异育银鲫产生明显不良影响。
试验三向基础饲料中添加醋酸棉酚(含量>99%),配制成醋酸棉酚含量分别为0 mg/kg、240 mg/kg、480 mg/kg、720 mg/kg的四组试验饲料,饲喂平均体重19.5g的异育银鲫180天,并在60天、120天时取样两次,探讨异育银鲫对棉酚的耐受量及棉酚对异育银鲫的影响。结果表明:含醋酸棉酚分别为240 mg/kg、480 mg/kg、720 mg/kg的试验饲料对异育银鲫在增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、全鱼体成分、成活率、肌肉水分含量、肥满度、生理机能、肝脏及肠道组织结构等方面与不含醋酸棉酚的对照组间无显著差异。上述结果提示,异育银鲫能够耐受含醋酸棉酚为720 mg/kg的配合饲料。
The study contented three experiments, This present research was to evaluated the effect of different feed ingredients to the growth performance(weight gain, WG; specific growth rates, SGR)and the apparent digestibility of dry matter , crude protein , crude lipid and energy .This research was also to evaluated the effect of levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol to the growth performance(weight gain, WG; specific growth rates, SGR),physiological enginery(superoxide dismutase, SOD; lysozyme, LSZ; gliutamic-pyruvic transminase, GPT; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase , GOT; hemoglobin, Hb), histology of liver and intestines on allogynogenetic crucian carp.And this research was also to investigate the condign quantity of cottonseed meal on the diet for allogynogenetic crucian carp.
Experiment one: Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by using a reference diet with chromic oxide indicator and test diets that contained 70% reference diet , by weight , and 30 % of the test feed ingredient being evaluated. Allogynogenetic crucian carp were fed eleven kinds of diets for 60 days. The fish (averaging 10.1g) were reared in PVC cages. Experiment were conducted to test the effects of test diets on the weight gain; specific growth rates; whole-body; feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio, and the apparent digestibility of dry matter , crude protein , crude lipid and energy in 10 feed ingredients (fish meal, blood meal, rice bran, soybean meal, Corn gluten meal, peanut meal, barley malt sprouts,peanut cake,rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal). The results showed that, weight gain of allogynogenetic crucian carp ranging from 59.90%~124.36%, specific growth rates of allogynogenetic crucian carp ranging from 0.76%?day-1~1.32%?day-1, apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranging from 55.9% to 89.6% , apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein ranged from 82.7% to 98.9% indicated that these feed stuffs could be efficiently utilized by allogynogenetic crucian carp. Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude lipid ranging from 69.7%～96.7%,and apparent digestibility coefficients of energy ranging from 62.3%～94.5%.
Experiment two : allogynogenetic crucian carp (averaging 19.5g) were fed the diet supplemented with 0%、20%、40%、56% cottonseed meal for 180 days. In order to study supplement the best quantity of cottonseed meal in routine diet. The results indicated that the diet with 40% cottonseed meal had the best weight gain and feed coefficient, quantity of cottonseed meal under 56% had no effect on whole-body, livability, physiological function(superoxide dismutase, SOD; lysozyme, LSZ; gliutamic-pyruvic transminase, GPT; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT; hemoglobin, Hb)、histology of liver and intestines of allogynogenetic crucian carp. With the quantity of the cottonseed meal increasing, the results of muscle water rose and the results of organs indices reduce. The results showed that the optimal levels of cottonseed meal in diets were 40 %.
Experiment three :This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gossypol on allogynogenetic crucian carp. allogynogenetic crucian carp (averaging 19.5g) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg、240 mg/kg、480 mg/kg、720 mg/kg gossypol respectively. The trial lasted 180 days. Fish fed the diet containing gossypol from 0 mg/kg to 720 mg/kg ,the growth performance, whole-body, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, muscle water ,organs indices,CF,physiological function(superoxide dismutase, SOD; lysozyme, LSZ; gliutamic- pyruvic transminase, GPT; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT; hemoglobin, Hb)、histology of liver and intestines have been surveyed. The results showed that the addition of gossypol with 720 mg/kg had no effect on each index surveyed of allogynogenetic crucian carp.
试验一按照“70%基础饲料+30%被测原料”的饲料配制方法,用三氧化二铬做指示剂,配制了十组试验饲料,基础饲料作为对照,在PVC水簇箱中进行为期60天的试验。测定了十一种饲料对异育银鲫鱼种(体重10.1±0.7g)的增重率、特定生长率、全鱼体成分、饲料效率、蛋白质效率等指标和异育银鲫鱼种对鱼粉、血粉、米糠、麦芽根、豆粕、花生粕、花生饼、菜粕、棉粕、玉米蛋白粉等十种常用的饲料原料的干物质、蛋白质、粗脂肪和能量的表观消化率。结果表明:异育银鲫的增重率分别为基础组95.71%、鱼粉组124.36%、血粉组113.69%、棉粕组109.59%、花生饼组97.56%、花生粕组93.65%、玉米蛋白粉组93.56%、菜粕组86.47%、豆粕组86.30%、米糠组81.27%、麦芽根组59.90%,鱼粉组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05),血粉组和棉粕组显著高于其它植物蛋白源组(P<0.05),特定生长率分别为基础组1.10%?day-1、鱼粉组1.32%?day-1、血粉组1.24%?day-1、棉粕组1.21%?day-1、花生饼组1.11%?day-1、花生粕组1.08%?day-1、玉米蛋白粉组1.08%?day-1、菜粕组1.02%?day-1、豆粕组1.01%?day-1、米糠组0.97%?day-1、麦芽根组0.76%?day-1,鱼粉组、血粉组和棉粕组显著高于其它蛋白源组(P<0.05);十一种饲料对异育银鲫全鱼体成分无显著影响(P>0.05),异育银鲫对十种原料的干物质表观消化率分别为米糠70.1%、麦芽根55.9%、玉米蛋白粉73.8%、花生饼89.6%、花生粕78.7%、豆粕57.9%、菜粕76.2%、棉粕82.8%、血粉84.4%、鱼粉77.5%,其中花生饼、花生粕、棉粕、菜粕、血粉、鱼粉间差异不显著(P>0.05)。蛋白质表观消化率分别为米糠82.8%、麦芽根82.7%、玉米蛋白粉85.4%、花生饼98.9%、花生粕89.7%、豆粕84.8%、菜粕93.5%、棉粕93.3%、血粉95.4%、鱼粉88.3%,花生饼、菜粕、棉粕、血粉间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对十种原料的脂肪表观消化率分别为米糠78.5%、麦芽根69.7%、玉米蛋白粉84.7%、花生饼92.3%、花生粕87.7%、豆粕95.2%、菜粕89.9%、棉粕96.7%、血粉93.6%、鱼粉93.8%,麦芽根显著低于其它各组(P<0.05)。能量表观消化率分别为米糠78.9%、麦芽根62.3%、玉米蛋白粉80.0%、花生饼94.5%、花生粕84.8%、豆粕68.9%、菜粕83.3%、棉粕86.3%、血粉88.5%、鱼粉86.3%,其中棉粕、血粉、鱼粉组显著高于其它各组(P<0.05)。本试验结果提示,棉粕是异育银鲫优质的植物蛋白源。
试验二分别用0%、20%、40%、56%的棉粕,配制四组等蛋白水平(40%)的试验饲料,饲喂平均体重为19.5g的异育银鲫180天,并在60天、120天时取样两次,探讨异育银鲫配合饲料中棉粕的适宜使用量。结果表明:40%棉粕用量组异育银鲫生长性能最佳,增重率最高(为524.79%),饲料系数最小(为1.33),蛋白质效率最高(为177.88%),肥满度最大(为3.14g/cm3)。棉粕试验组异育银鲫的生长性能均高于对照组,棉粕对异育银鲫全鱼体成分、成活率、生理机能、肝脏及肠道组织结构无明显不良影响,但棉粕能增加异育银鲫肌肉水分含量,降低内脏指数。本试验结果提示,棉粕在异育银鲫配合饲料中使用可达56%,不会对异育银鲫产生明显不良影响。
试验三向基础饲料中添加醋酸棉酚(含量>99%),配制成醋酸棉酚含量分别为0 mg/kg、240 mg/kg、480 mg/kg、720 mg/kg的四组试验饲料,饲喂平均体重19.5g的异育银鲫180天,并在60天、120天时取样两次,探讨异育银鲫对棉酚的耐受量及棉酚对异育银鲫的影响。结果表明:含醋酸棉酚分别为240 mg/kg、480 mg/kg、720 mg/kg的试验饲料对异育银鲫在增重率、饲料系数、蛋白质效率、全鱼体成分、成活率、肌肉水分含量、肥满度、生理机能、肝脏及肠道组织结构等方面与不含醋酸棉酚的对照组间无显著差异。上述结果提示,异育银鲫能够耐受含醋酸棉酚为720 mg/kg的配合饲料。
The study contented three experiments, This present research was to evaluated the effect of different feed ingredients to the growth performance(weight gain, WG; specific growth rates, SGR)and the apparent digestibility of dry matter , crude protein , crude lipid and energy .This research was also to evaluated the effect of levels of cottonseed meal and gossypol to the growth performance(weight gain, WG; specific growth rates, SGR),physiological enginery(superoxide dismutase, SOD; lysozyme, LSZ; gliutamic-pyruvic transminase, GPT; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase , GOT; hemoglobin, Hb), histology of liver and intestines on allogynogenetic crucian carp.And this research was also to investigate the condign quantity of cottonseed meal on the diet for allogynogenetic crucian carp.
Experiment one: Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined by using a reference diet with chromic oxide indicator and test diets that contained 70% reference diet , by weight , and 30 % of the test feed ingredient being evaluated. Allogynogenetic crucian carp were fed eleven kinds of diets for 60 days. The fish (averaging 10.1g) were reared in PVC cages. Experiment were conducted to test the effects of test diets on the weight gain; specific growth rates; whole-body; feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio, and the apparent digestibility of dry matter , crude protein , crude lipid and energy in 10 feed ingredients (fish meal, blood meal, rice bran, soybean meal, Corn gluten meal, peanut meal, barley malt sprouts,peanut cake,rapeseed meal and cottonseed meal). The results showed that, weight gain of allogynogenetic crucian carp ranging from 59.90%~124.36%, specific growth rates of allogynogenetic crucian carp ranging from 0.76%?day-1~1.32%?day-1, apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter ranging from 55.9% to 89.6% , apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein ranged from 82.7% to 98.9% indicated that these feed stuffs could be efficiently utilized by allogynogenetic crucian carp. Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude lipid ranging from 69.7%～96.7%,and apparent digestibility coefficients of energy ranging from 62.3%～94.5%.
Experiment two : allogynogenetic crucian carp (averaging 19.5g) were fed the diet supplemented with 0%、20%、40%、56% cottonseed meal for 180 days. In order to study supplement the best quantity of cottonseed meal in routine diet. The results indicated that the diet with 40% cottonseed meal had the best weight gain and feed coefficient, quantity of cottonseed meal under 56% had no effect on whole-body, livability, physiological function(superoxide dismutase, SOD; lysozyme, LSZ; gliutamic-pyruvic transminase, GPT; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT; hemoglobin, Hb)、histology of liver and intestines of allogynogenetic crucian carp. With the quantity of the cottonseed meal increasing, the results of muscle water rose and the results of organs indices reduce. The results showed that the optimal levels of cottonseed meal in diets were 40 %.
Experiment three :This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of gossypol on allogynogenetic crucian carp. allogynogenetic crucian carp (averaging 19.5g) were fed the basal diet supplemented with 0 mg/kg、240 mg/kg、480 mg/kg、720 mg/kg gossypol respectively. The trial lasted 180 days. Fish fed the diet containing gossypol from 0 mg/kg to 720 mg/kg ,the growth performance, whole-body, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio, muscle water ,organs indices,CF,physiological function(superoxide dismutase, SOD; lysozyme, LSZ; gliutamic- pyruvic transminase, GPT; glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,GOT; hemoglobin, Hb)、histology of liver and intestines have been surveyed. The results showed that the addition of gossypol with 720 mg/kg had no effect on each index surveyed of allogynogenetic crucian carp.
引文
[1]郭沛涌,王运涛.水产养殖饲料蛋白源开发利用研究现状[J].中国水产科学, 2001,7(4):108- 112.
[2]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].中国农业出版社,2004:29
[3]Higgs D A, Dosanjh B S, Prendergast A F, et al. Use of rapeseed /canola protein products in finfish diets. In:Lim C E, Sessa D J eds., Nutrition and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture. U S A: AOCS Press, 1995.130-156
[4]Lim C, Beames R M, Eales J G, et al. Nutritive values of low and high fibre canola meals for shrimp (Penaeus vannarnei) [J].Aquacult Nutr,1997a,3(4): 269-279.4
[5]Tacon, A.G.J, Barg, U.C.Major challenges to feed development for marine and diadromous finfish andcrustaceanspecies[J].In:De Silva, S.S.(Ed.),Tropical Mariculture. Academic Press, San Diego,CA,USA,1998,pp.171-208
[6]Gatlin,Hardy.Manipuliations of diets,and feeding to reduce loses of nutrients in intensive,aquanclulture [C].In: Tomasso,J.R (Ed.),Aquaculture and the,Environment in the United States U.S.Aquaculture Society,A chapture of the World Aquaculture Society,2002.pp.155-165
[7]NRC (Natural Research Council),Nutrition Requirement of Fish .Natinal Academic Press,Washington D C,1993
[8]Cowey,Cho.Nutrtional Strategies and Aquaculture Guelpu [M]: Waste Univ. Gelph ,1991.21-36
[9]Wilson R P,Poe W E.Relationship of whole body and egg essential amino acid pattern to acid requirement pattern in channel catfish,Ictaturus punctatus [J].Comp biochem Physol,1985,80B: 385-388
[10]高立海,曲悦,梁海平.水产饲料中棉籽饼粕替代鱼粉的研究进展[J].水利渔业,2004,24(4):66-67
[11]Viola S, Mokady S, Rappaport U, et al.Partialand complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal feeds for intensive culture of carp [J].Aquaculture,1981,26: 223-236
[12]Floreto E A T,Bayer R C,Brown P.The effects of oybean based diets,with and without amino acids supplementation,on growth and biochemical composition of juvenile American lobster,Homarus americanus [J].Aquaculture,2000,189: 211-235
[13]陈立侨,堵南山,赖伟.中华绒螯蟹蟹种配饵中豆饼替代部分鱼粉的适宜含量[J].水产学报,1994,18(1):24-31
[14]Hasan M R, Macintosh D J,Jauncey K.Evaluation of some plant ingredients as dietary protein sources for common carp (Cyprinu carpio.L) fry [J].Aquaculture,1997, 151:55-70
[15]Shiau S Y, Chuang J L, Sun C L.Inclusion of soybean meal in tilapia (Oreochromisnioticus×O.aureus) diets at two protein levels [J].Aquaculture,1987,5: 251- 261
[16]Gouveia A,Davies S J.Inclusion of an extruded dehulled pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [J].Aquaculture,2000,182: 183-193
[17] Lee S M,Kang Y J,Lee J Y.The effects of soybean meal as partial replacement for white fish meal in diets for yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) [J].Bull Nat Fish Res Dev Agency,1991,45: 247-257
[18]陈乃松,艾庆辉,王道尊.欧洲鳗配合饲料中大豆蛋白代替鱼粉的研究[J].水产学报,1998,22 (3) : 283-287
[19]艾庆辉,谢小军.南方鲇的营养学研究.饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响[J].水生生物学报,2002a,26 (1) : 57-65
[20]Viyakarn V,Watanabe T,Aoki H,et al.Use of soybean meal as asubstitute for fish meal in a newly developed soft2dry pellet for yellowtail [J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1992,58 : 1991-2000
[21]De Silva S S,Anderson T A.Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture [M].London: Chapman & Hall,1993
[22]Escaffre A M,Infante J L Z,Cahu C L,et al.Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate for larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzymea ctivities [J].Aquaculture,1997,153:63-80.
[23]Gallagher M L.The use of soybean meal as a replacement for fishmeal in dietsfor hybrid striped bass ( Morone saxatillis×M.chrysops) [J].Aquaculture,1994,126 : 119-127
[24]Halver J E.Fish Nutrition (nd edn.) [M].San Diego: Academic Press,Inc.,1989
[25]Lindsay R C.Flavour of fish [A].Shahidi F,Botta J R,Eds.Seafoods Chemistry, Processing Technology and Quality [M].Glasgow: Blackie Academic and Professional, 1994
[26]Mohsen A A,Lovell RT.Partial substitution of soybean meal with animal protein source sindiets for channel catfish [J].Aquaculture,1990,90: 303-311
[27]Bureau D P,Harris A M,Cho C Y.The effects of purifiedalcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (Oncorhy chusmykiss) [J].Aquaculture,1998,161: 27-43
[28]Francis G,Makkar H P S,Becker K.Antinutritional factors presenting plant- derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish [J].Aqua culture, 2001,1997-227
[29]Gomes E F,Rema P,Kaushik S J.Replacement of fishmeal by plant proteins in the diets of rain bow trout (Oncorhynchu smykiss): digestibility and growth performance [J].Aquaculture,1995,130: 177-186
[30]Opstvedt J,Aksnes A,Hope B,et al.Efficiency of feed utilization In Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar L.) fed diets with in creasing substitution of fishmeal with vegetable proteins [J].Aquaculture,2003,221: 365-379
[31]Smith R R,Kincaid H L,Regenstein J M,et al.Growth,carcasscomposition,and taste of rainbow trout of different strains fed dietscontaining primarily plant or animal protein [ J].Aquaculture,1988,70 : 309-321
[32]许国焕,贺锡勤,王燕.鲂对十四种常用商品饲料表现消化率的研究[ J].水利渔业,1995,1:19 - 21.
[33]吴建开,雍文岳,游文章,等.团头鲂对l2种饲料原料消化率和可消化能的测定.中国水产科学,1995,2(3):55～62
[34]陈建明,叶金云,潘茜,等.翘嘴红鲌鱼种对八种蛋白质饲料原料的消化率.淡水渔业,2005,35(1):20-22.
[35]陈建明,王友慧,叶金云,等.黑鲷对10种饵料原料的表观消化率.饲料博览.2004(11):44-46
[36]常青,梁萌青,王家林,等.花鲈对不同饲料原料的表观消化率.水生生物学报. 2005, 29(2):172-176.
[37]李会涛,麦康森,艾庆辉,等.大黄鱼对几种饲料蛋白原料消化率的研究.水生生物学报.2007,31(3):370-376.
[38]林仕梅,罗莉,叶元土.草鱼对17种饲料原料粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率[ J].中国水产科学,2001,8 (3) : 58～64
[39]周兴华,向枭,陈建.银鲈对六种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率.西南农业学报.2003,16 (3):90-93.
[40]张璐,陈立侨,洪美玲,等.中华绒螯蟹对11种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率.水产学报,2007,31(9) :116—121
[41]荣长宽,梁素秀,岳炳宜.中国对虾对16种饲料的蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率[ J].水产学报,1994,18 (2) : 131 - 137.
[42]吴建开,雍文岳,游文章,等.13种饲料原料蛋白质对尼罗罗非鱼的营养价值.中国水产科学,2000,7(2):37-42.
[43]雷武,杨云霞,贺锡勤.长吻鮠对鱼粉等六种商品饲料中粗蛋白和能量的消化率[ J].水生生物学报,1996,20 (2) : 113 - 118.
[44]韩建林,闫晓东,关庆坤.饲料中抗营养因子的分类作用机理及应用措施[J].当代畜牧,1999,(2):1-2
[45]Huisman J.et al.World Review of Animal Production[M].1991.77～82
[46]Kaushik S J,Cravedi J P,Lalles J P,et al.Partial or total replace ment of fishmeal by soybean protein on growth,protein utilization,potential estrogenic of antigenic effects, cholesterole mia and flesh quality in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture, 1995,133: 257-274
[47]Refstie S,Tiekstra H A J.Potato protein concentrate with low con2tent of solanidine glycoalkoids in diets for Atlantic salmon ( S almosalar) [J].Aquaculture, 2003.216,283-298
[48]杨家晃.某些抗营养因子及毒素对饲料利用的影响[J].广西科学,2000,7(3): 237～240
[49]Gallaher D,Schneeman B O.Intestinal interaction of bile acids,phospholipids,dietary fibers,and cholestyramine [J].Amer J Physiol,1986,250: 420-426
[50]赵振山.鱼类饲料中的抗营养因子[J].中国饲料,1994,(8):25-26
[51]唐胜球,董小英,邹晓庭.水产饲料中的植物源抗营养素(下)[J],科学养鱼,2002,12:54
[52]艾红.鱼类饲料中的霉菌和黄曲霉素中毒.南方饲料快讯, 2003,3 : 15～16
[53]梁萌青.含黄曲霉素饵料对对虾生长的影响.饲料工业, 1995,16 (7) :10～12
[54]梁萌青.酸败油脂和黄曲霉毒素对中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)生长的影响.中国水产科学, 1996,3 (4) :48～52
[55]刘澧津.棉籽粉长期作为尼罗罗非鱼蛋白源的评价.河北渔业, 1994.4 :13～15
[56]刘澧津.虹鳟肝癌一例.河北渔业, 1995.6 :3～4
[57]富慧光.棉酚对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromisni loticus)生殖机能影响的研究.中国水产科学, 1995.2 (3) :36～41
[58]富慧光.棉酚对鱼类的毒性及棉籽饼的水产饲料利用前景.中国水产科学, 1996.3 (4) :114～117
[59]曹光辛.鱼类饲料中的抗营养因子和毒素[J].中国饲料,1996,22:17-18
[60]冯定远.饲料中的抗营养因子[J].广东饲料,2000,9(5):23-25
[61]周明.饲料中抗营养因子-血球凝集素[J].饲料博览,1994,(4) :12～13
[62]吉红.鱼用植物性蛋白饲料的抗营养因子[J].水利渔业,1999,19(4) :22～24.
[63]李兆新,耿霞,王红艳等,渔用饲料安全标准的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26 (3) :91～95.
[64]瞿明仁.菜籽饼中有害成分.饲料与畜牧, 1994.6 :24～25
[65]邓君明,张曦,赵素梅.抗营养因子的抗营养作用[J].粮油食品科技,2003,11 (1) :34～37.
[66]王进波,刘建新.饲料抗营养因子研究进展[J].饲料博览,2000,(2) :16～18.
[67]Gifford S R,F M Chydesdale.Interactions among calcium,Zincand Phytate with three protein sources [J].J Food Sci.1990,55: 1720-1724
[68]Pallauf J G.Recent results on phyticacid and phytase In: Fifthe Forum Animal Nutrition,May 4-5,BASE Iudoigshafen,Germany,1996,43-63
[69]苗雪霞,陈红歌,李秀兰等.植酸酶对肉鸡生长及磷利用率的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,1999,33(1):68-71
[70]陈玉明,王安利,苗玉涛等.水产动物饲料抗营养因子的研究进展[J].水利渔业,2005,25(4):77-81
[71]聂国兴,李春喜.鱼用谷物饲料中抗营养因子及其降解方法[J].水利渔业,2000,20 (6) :9～10
[72]陈婉如.1998.饲用油脂的氧化与抗氧化.饲料研究,3 :18～20
[73]贾艳菊,等.水产饲料中大豆制品替代鱼粉的研究进展[J].中国饲料,2000, (2) : 5～7.
[74]周明.单宁对动物营养代谢的影响[J].中国饲料,1996,(11):23-24
[75]HEWITT DG,LAFON NW,KIRKRATRIRICK RC.Effect of tanninson galliform cecal parlitioning[J].Phsiologicalzoology,1997,70(2):175-180
[76]宋青龙,秦贵信.饲料中的抗营养因子及其消除方法[J].猪与禽,2003,23(3): 8～13
[77]Tacon A G J,Jackson A.Utilization of conventional and unconventional protein sources in practical fish feeds [A].Nutrition and Feedding in Fish [M],London: Academic Press,1985
[78]Bautista Teruel M N,Fermin A C,Koshio S S.Dietdevelopment and evaluation for juvenile abalone,Haliotis asinina: animaland Plant protein sources [J].Aquaculture, 2003,219: 645-653
[79]Lim C,Dominy W.Evaluation of soybean meal as a replacement forma marine animal protein in diets for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) [J].Aquaculture,1990,87:53-63
[80]Dabrowski K,PoczyczynskiP,KockG,et al.Effect of partially or totally replacing fish meal protein by soybean meal protein on growth,food utilization and proteclytic enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).New in vivo test for exocrine pancreatic secretion [J].Aquaculture,1989,77: 29-49
[81]Masumoto T,Ruchimat T,Ito Y,et al.Amino acid availability values for several protein sources for yellowtail (Seriolaquinquera diata) [J].Aquaculture,1996,146: 109-119.
[82]Elangovan A,Shim K F.The influence of replacing fish meal partially in the diet with soybean meal on growth and body composition of juvenile tin foil barb (Barbodes altus) [J].Aquaculture,2000,189: 133-144.
[83]Reigh R C,Ellis S C.Effects of dietary soy bean and fish protein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum (Sciaen opsocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets J].Aquaculture,1992,104: 279-292.
[84]Sheng H Q,He X Q.Effects of dietary animal and plant protein ra2tios and energy on growth and body composition of bream ( Megalo2brama skolkovii Dybowski ) [ J].Aquaculture,1994,127 : 189-196
[85]Gouveia A,Davies S J.Inclusion of an extruded dehulled pea seedmeal in diets for juvenile European sea bass (Dicent rarchus labrax )[J].Aquaculture,2000,182: 183 -193
[86]Dabrowska H,Wojno T.Studies on the utilization by rainbow trout( S almo gai rdneri Rich) of feed mixture containing soya bean mealand an addition of amino acids [J].Aquaculture,1977,10 : 297~310.
[87]Allan GL,Rowland S J,Mifsud C,et al.Replacement of fish mealin diets for Australian silver perch,Bi dyanus bi dyanus V.Leastcost formulation of practical diets [ J].Aqauculture,2000b,186 :327-340.
[88]Bjerkeng B,Refstie S,Fjalestad K T.Quality parameters of flesh ofAtlantic salmon ( S almo salar) as affected by dietary fat content andfull2fat soybean meal as a partial substitute for fish meal in the diet[J].Aquaculture,1997,157 : 297-309.
[89]Johansson L,Kiessling A,Carlsson R.Eating quality and growth ofrainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) on feed with different admixtures of leaf nutrient concentrate [J].J Sci Food Agri,1991,57 :217-234
[90]Refstie S,Kors?en ?J,Storebakken T,et al.Differing nutritionalresponses to dietary soybean meal in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchusmykiss) and Atlantic salmon ( S almo salar ) [ J].Aquaculture,2000,190 : 49-63.
[91]Xie S,Jokumsen A.Replacement of fish meal by potato protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ).growth,feed utilization and body composition [J].Aquacult Nutr,1997,3 : 65-69.
[92]Tacon A GJ,Haaster J V,Featherstone P B,et al.Studies on theutilization of full2fat soybean and solvent extracted soybean meal in acomplete diet for rainbow trout [J].Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish,1983,49(9) : 1437-1443.
[93]欧阳敏,贺建华.水产饲料诱食剂的研究现状与展望[J].中国畜牧兽医,2003,30(1):20-22.
[94]颉志刚,牛翠娟,曾端等.植物蛋白源替代鱼粉及诱食剂对鲤鱼生长影响的研究[J],中国饲料,2003,9:19-21.
[95]冯健,王明鹏.肽诱食剂改善南美白对虾植物蛋白日粮的作用[J],海洋科学,2004,28(4):48-51.
[96]Arndt R E,Hardy R W,Sugiura S H,et al.Effects of heattreat ment and substitution level onpalatability and nutritional value of so defatted flourin feeds for Coho Salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch [J].Aquaculture,1999,180: 129-145.
[97]Dabrowski K,Kozak B.The use of fishmeal and soybean meal as protein in the diet of grass carp [J].Aquaculture,1979,18: 107-114.
[98]郭源梅.抗营养因子的研究进展, 16-19
[99]林建斌.不同加工条件对大豆饼粕品质的影响.饲料工业,1994,15 (4) :1～9
[100]郭秀山.应用熟化颗粒饲料饲喂虹鳟鱼试验报告.饲料博览,1993,(1) :30～33
[101]任中斗.鱼苗培育新法.中国水产,1994,(4) :22
[102]杨丽杰,霍贵成.挤压膨化对全脂大豆中的胰蛋白酶抑制因子和凝集素的影响.营养研究挤,1998,19(11) :22
[103]王宝东,杨连玉,秦贵信等.热处理对全脂大豆蛋的质瘤胃降解率的影响.吉林农业大学学报.1995,17(增刊).97-100
[104]郭芳彬.饲料中抗营养因子的有害作用及处理方法(1).饲料博览, 1994,(3) :29～30
[105]张建云,闫贵龙,刘立文等.生大豆饼化学钝化剂的研究.畜牧兽医学报,1999,30 (1),1-5
[106]吴新民,傅仕洪,陈小春.豆粕中抗营养因子常用的几种处理技术的效果[J].草原与饲料,2004,(9):66-67
[107]李延云,聂宇燕,朱杰.菜籽饼与玉米糖化醪混合发酵脱毒的试验研究.资源开发,1998,19(1) :20
[108]李延云.棉饼粕生物脱毒及生产单细胞蛋白技术.中国饲料,1995,(10) :28～30
[109]胡弘.菜籽饼固体发酵温度与时间的研究.饲料博览,1993,(1) :27
[110]Maugle P D,Deshimaru O,Katayama T,et al.The use of amylasesupplementsin shrimp diets [J].J World Maricul Soc,1983,14 :25-37
[111]Kolkovski S,Tandler A,Izquierdo M S.Effects of live food and dietary digestive enzymes on the efficiency of microdiets for seabass( Dicent rarchus labrax) larvae [J].Aquaculture,1997,148 : 313-322.
[112]Papatryphon E,Howell R,Soares J H.Growth and mineral absorption by striped bass Morone saxatilis fed a plant feedstuff based dietsupplemented with phytase [J].J World Aqualt Soc,1999,30 (2) :161-173
[113]Lanari D,D’Agaro E,Turri C.Use of nonlinear regression to evaluate the effects of phytase enzyme treatment of plant protein diets forrainbow trout ( Oncornynchus mykiss ) [ J].Aquaculture,1998,161 : 345-356.
[114]Vielma J,Ruohonen K,Peisker M.Dephytinization of two soy proteins increases phosphorus and protein utilization by rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture, 2002,204 : 145-156.
[115]Glencross B D,Boujard T,Kaushik S J.Influence of oligosaccharides on the digestibility of lupin meals when fed to rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture,2003,219 : 703-713.
[116]刘会娟,姜龙巩,元芳等.饲料抗营养因子的研究进展[J].湖南饲料,2006,(1) :18-20
[117]Cheng Z J,Hardy R W,Usry J L.Effects of lysine supplementation in plant protein based diets on the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients [J].Aquaculture,2003,215:255-265.
[118]El-Saidy D M S D,Gaber M M A.Complete replacement of fish meal by soy bean meal with dietary L-lysine supplementation for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) finger lings [J].J World Aqua Soc,2002,33(3): 297-305.
[119]艾庆辉.饲料中大豆蛋白对南方鲇生长的影响及其能量学机理的研究[D].北京:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2001
[120]Yamada S,Simpson K L,Tanaka Y,et al.Plasma amino acidchanges in rainbow trout,S almo gai rdneri,forced2fed casein and acorresponding amino acid mixture [J]. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish,1981,47 : 1035-1040.
[121]周兴华,向枭.动物蛋白源替代鱼粉在水产养殖业上的应用.饲料研究,2001,11:12-13.
[122]林金芳.植物性蛋自饲料在对虾配合饵料中的应用[J],饲料研究,1988,10
[123]吕忠进.棉籽饼在鱼虾配合饲料中的应用[J] .水产养殖,1993,1:13-15
[124]文华,袁明雄,游文章.单一饲料饲养草鱼的效果及其营养价值评价.淡水渔业,2000,30(2):37-41.
[125]Robinson, E.H., (1991). Improvement of cottonseed meal protein with supplemental lysine in feeds for channel catfish [J]. ,Appl.Aquac., 1( 2):l- 14
[126]Wilson R P,Robinson E H,Poe W E.Apparent and trueavailability of amino acids from common feed ingredients forchannel catfish [J].J Nutr,1981,111 : 923 - 929
[127]Chikwem J O. Effect of dietary cyclopropene fatty acids on the amino acid uptake of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnero) [J]. Cytobios., 1987, 49(196):17-21
[128]M. Boonyaratpalin, K. Supamattaya, V. Verakunpiriya et al. Effects of aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, blood components, immune function and histopathological changes in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) [J], Aquac. Res. 2001:32 (Suppl. 1): 388–398.
[129]M.N. Bautista, C.R. Lavilla-Pitogo, P.F. Subosa and E.T. Begino, Aflatoxin B1 contamination of shrimp feeds and its effect on growth and hepatopancreas of pre-adult Penaeus monodon [J]. Sci. Food Agric. 1994, 65, 5–11.
[130]H.T. Ostrowski-Meissner, B.R. LeaMaster, E.O. Duerr and W.A. Wlash, Sensitivity of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, to aflatoxin B1 [J]. Aquaculture, 1995, 131: 155-164.
[131]Trzebiatowski R, Filipiak J. Using rapeseed oil meal in pelleted feed mixtures for carp C 1～2 [J]. Zootecnika, 1992, (37): 97-103.
[132]Lim C, Klesius P H, Higgs D A. Substitution of canola meal for soy bean meal in diets for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus [J]. J. World Aquac Soc. 1998, 29(2): 161-168
[133]Webster C D, et al. Growth and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed diets containing various percentage of canola meal [J]. Aquac. 1997, 150 (1/2): 103-112
[134]Burel C, Boudjard T, Tulli F,et al. Digestibility of extruded peas, extrudedlupin, and rapeseed meal in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and turbot, Psetta maxima [J]. Aquaculture, 2000, 188:285-298
[135]Burel C., Boujard T, Escaffre A M, et al. Dietary low glucosinolate rapeseed meal affect thyroid status and nutrient utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Brit [J]. Nutr. 2000c, 83, 653–664.
[136]McCurdy S M. and March B E. Processing of canola meal for incorporation in trout and salmon diets [J]. Amer. Oil. Chem. Soc., 1992, 69(3):213-220
[137]高贵琴,熊邦喜,赵振山,等.不同水平双低菜粕替代蛋白对鱼类生长的影响.水利渔业,2004,24(3):55-57.
[138]Wilson R P. Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. In R.P.Wilson (Ed.), Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (pp. 35-54). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991
[139]Luquet P. Tilapia, Oreochromis spp. In R.P. Wilson (Ed.), Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (pp. 169-180). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991
[140]Satoh S. Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. In R.P.Wilson (Ed.), Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (pp.55-68). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991
[141]Boonyaratpalin M, Suraneiranat P, Tunpibal T. Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products in diets for the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer [J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161: 67-78
[142]董云伟.牛翠娟.豆粕替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版).2000,36(2):260-263
[143]何大庆,程宗佳,曹双俊等.美国去皮豆粕养殖南美白对虾的对比试验[J].饲料广角,2005,21:28-30
[144]Laura A. Muzinic, Kenneth R. Thompson et al., Partial and total replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and brewer's grains with yeast in practical diets for Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, Aquaculture, 2004, 230: 359–376
[145]Berg Lea T, Brattas, L E, Krogdahl, A. Saybean proteinase inhibitors effect nutrient digestion in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In J. Huisman, T.F.B.Poel and I.E.Liener (Eds), Recent advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. Pudoc, Wageningen, 1989,991-102.
[146]Krogdahl A. Alternative protein sources from plants contain antinutrients affecting digestion in salmonids. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Feeding and Nutrition in Fish, Toba (Japan), 28 August to 1st September, 1989. 253-261.
[147]Vohra P and Kratzer F H. Evaluation of soybean meal determines adequacy of heat treatment. D.M.Akiyama & R.Tan (Eds) Proceedings of the Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop, Thailand and Indonesia, 19-25 September 1991. American Soybean Association, Singapore, 1991. 226-241
[148]解绶启,崔奕波.鱼类对植物性蛋白源的利用[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(增刊) :44—52
[149]邱小琮,周洪琪,刘小刚,等.中草药添加剂对异育银鲫生长和蛋白质消化吸收的影响.水产学报,2002,26(6):551-555
[150]Robert P Wilson,William E Poe.Apparent digestible protein andenergy coefficients of common feed ingredients for channel catfish[J].Prog Fish Cult,1985, 47 :154 - 158.
[151]Nose T.On the metabolic fecal nitrogen in young rainbow trout[J].Bull Fresh Fish Res Lab( Tokyo),1967,17 :97 - 105.
[152]张玉良,朱亚珠,陈慧达.青鱼对十四种饲料的消化率[J].水产科技情报, 1990, 6 :166 - 169.
[153]Crua E W.Determination of nutrient digestibility in various calssesof natural and purified feed materials for channel catfish [ D].Auburn : Auburn University,1975.82.
[154]文华,雍文岳,廖朝兴,等.草鱼对11种饲料原料各种营养成分和总能的表观消化率[A].鱼虾营养研究进展[ C].广州:中山大学出版社,1995,211～220
[155]蒋明,文华,雍文岳,等.用两种粪便收集方法测定草鱼对九种饲料原料的表观消化率.淡水渔业,2006,36(3):21-25
[156]林仕梅.草鱼对常规饲料消化率测定方法的研究[ J].饲料工业,2001,22 (5) : 23～26.
[157]罗莉,林仕梅,叶元土.草鱼对九种饲料的干物质蛋白质和脂肪的表观消化率[ J].淡水渔业,2001,31 (3) : 47～50.
[158]Lee SM.Apparent digestibility coefficients of various feed ingredientsfor juvenile and grower rockfish ( Sebastes schlegeli ) [J].Aquacul2ture,2002,207 :79—95
[159]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学.北京:中国农业出版社.1996
[160]Sullivan J A,Reigh R C.Apparent digestibility of selected feedstuffsin diets for hybrid striped bass ( Morone saxatilis♀×Moronechrysops♂) [J].Aquaculture, 1995, 138 :313—322
[161]Cho C Y,Cowey C B.Rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [A].In : Wilson R P (Editor),Handbook of Nutrtient Requirements ofFinfish [M].CRC Press,Boca Raton, FL, 1991,131—143
[162]Burel C,B ouja rd T,Kaushik S J,et al.Potentia lof p lant2p rotein sources as f ish m ea l subs titutes indie ts for turbot ( Psetta m axim a ) : grow th,nutrientutiliza tion and thyroid status [J].A quaculture,2000,188: 363 - 382.
[163]Regost C,A rzel J,Kaushik S J.Partia l or tota l re2p lacem ent of f ish meal by corn gluten m eal in die tfor turbot(Psetta m ax im a)[J].A quaculture,1999,180:99 -117.
[164]Masum oto T,Ruchim a t T,Ito Y,et al.Am inoac id ava ilability values for seve ralprote in sourcesfor yellow tail(Seriola quinqueradiata)[J].A quaculture,1996,146: 109-119.
[165]田丽霞,林鼎,毛永庆,等.草鱼常用饲料原料的可利用氨基酸研究[A].鱼虾营养研究进展[ C].广州:中山大学出版社,1995.221～228.
[166]McGoogan B B,Reigh R C.Apparent digestibility of selectedingredients in red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) diets [J].Aquac,1996,141 : 233 - 244.
[167]Falge R,Schpanof L,Jurss K.Amylase,esterase and proteaseactivity in the intestine content of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneriRichardson,after feeding with feed containing different amountsof starch and protein [J].J Ichthyol,1978,18 : 283 - 287.
[168]Opstvedt J,Miller R,Hardy R,et a1.Heat?induced changes insultlaydryl groups and disulfide bonds in fish protein and their effect onprotein and amino acid digestibility in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdnefi)[J].,.g丌.Food Chem.,1984,32:929—935
[169]荻野珍吉(郑长义、戴宏宗译),1984。鱼类的营养与饲料。养鱼世界杂志社出版(台北)。
[170]Cho,C.Y.etal.1982.Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes;Energyintake,expenditureand productivity.CompBiochem,Physiol,73B(1):25-41
[171]薛敏.罗琳.吴秀峰.等.一种新型蛋白源_脱酚棉粕在水产饲料中的应用.饲料研究,2006.7:43～45.
[172]任维美.虹鳟饲料中棉籽饼的适宜用量[J].饲料研究,2002 , (1) :37.
[173]任维美.罗非鱼饲料中棉籽饼的适宜用量[J].饲料研究,2002 , (11) :27.
[174]张永根.几种植物蛋白源作为鱼类主要蛋白饲料的评价[J].饲料博览,1992 , (2):41～43.
[175]Fowler L G.Substitution of soybean and cottonseedproducts for fish mealin diets fed to Chinook and cohosalmon[J].Prog Fish - Cult ,1980 , (42) :87～91.
[176]侯红利,罗宇良.棉酚毒性研究的回顾[J].水利渔业,2005,25 (6) : 100 - 102.
[177]孟祥林,丁庆秋.鱼类肝胆综合症的发病原因及防治方法[ J ] .水利渔业, 2004, 24 (3) : 65
[178]胡宝林.鱼类肝胆综合症的防治[ J ] .水产养殖12006, 27(2):41
[179]熊淮生,卢丽群.草鱼、鲫肝胆综合症病因及防治[ J ] .齐鲁渔业,2006, 23(7):22
[180]李建武等.生物化学实验原理和方法.北京大学出版社.1994,313-317
[181]Rijkers G T.The Haemolftic Plaque Assay in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.).J Immune Meth ,1980 , (33) :79～86.
[182]LamersCh J.The Reaction of the Immune System of Fish to Vaccinatio; Development of Immunological Memory in Carp ,CyprinusCarpio L, Folloroiny Direct Immersion in Aeromomas Hydrophilla Bacterin.J Fish Disease , 1985 , (8) :253～262.
[183]Trump G N , Hideman W H.Antibody Respense of Gold Fish to Bovine Serum Albumin ; Primary and Secondary Respenses.Immunology ,1970 , (19) :621
[184]陈超然,陈萱,陈昌福,等.酵母β葡聚糖对受免异育银鲫免疫应答的增强作用[J].华中农业大学学报,2003,22(4):380～384.
[185]徐延震,王震龙,宋憬愚.鱼类的免疫机制[J].中国兽药杂志,1995, 29(4):57-60.
[186]Zhou J, Song X L, Huang J, et al.Effects of dietary supp lamentation of aαpep tidoglycan on innate immune responses and defense ac2tivity of Japanese flounder[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 251: 172～181
[187]钟国防,周洪琪.木聚糖酶和复合酶制剂PS对尼罗罗非鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫能力的影响[J].海洋渔业,2005 ,27 (4) :286-291.
[188]庄惠生,杨光.双A对鲤鱼急性和亚急性毒性的研究[J].环境化学,2005, 24(6) : 682- 684
[189]高晓莉,罗胡英,赵彦珍,等.铜、锌对鲤鱼抗氧化酶影响的研究[J].淡水渔业, 2004,34(4):22- 23.
[190]刘慧,王晓蓉,王为木,等.低浓度锌及其EDTA配合物长期暴露对鲫鱼肝脏锌富集及抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):173- 176.
[191]王重刚,郑微云,余群,等.苯并(a)芘和芘的混合物暴露对梭鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(4):529- 533.
[192]Syed, M.A.andCoombs, T.L., 1982.Copper metabolism in the place Pleurone- ctes platessa(L)[J].Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol.,63:281-286
[193]Lanno R.P., S.J.Slinger and J.W.Hilton, 1985.Maximum tolerable and toxicity levels of dietary copper in rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri Richardson)[J].Aquaculture, 49:257-268
[194]L IW, YIN D, ZHANGA, et al.Toxicity of chloroanilines and effects onsuperoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (Carassius aura2tus) [J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2002, 68: 630 - 636.
[195]郑永华,蒲富永.汞对鲤鲫鱼组织转氨酶活性的影响[J].西南农业大学学报, 1997 , 19 (1) :41 - 45.
[196]孙虎山,李光友.栉孔扇贝血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性及其性质的研究[J] .海洋与湖沼,2000,31(3):259-265.
[197]林仕梅,罗莉.喹乙醇对草鱼耗氧率及组织转氨酶活力的影响[J].中国饲料, 1997,22:31-34.
[198]尾崎久雄.鱼类血液与循环生理[M].许学龙,等译.上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1982.40～175.
[199]黄辨非,童响波,罗静波.饥饿对泥鳅某些血液指标的影响[J].淡水渔业, 2006, 36 (6) : 33～35.
[200]钱云霞,陈惠群,孙江飞.饥饿对养殖鲈鱼血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学, 2002, 9 (2) :133～137.
[201]陈晓耘.饥饿对南方鲶幼鱼血液的影响[J].西南农业大学学报, 2000, 22 (2) : 167～176.
[202]南旭阳.除草剂“草甘膦”对鲫鱼血细胞及血红蛋白影响的研究[J].甘肃科学学报, 2002, 14 (4) : 66～70.
[203]吴萍,宋学宏,蔡春芳,等.pH对黄颡鱼红细胞脆性及血红蛋白含量的影响[J].水利渔业, 2002, 22(1) : 21～23.
[204]张辉,单安山,牟振波.植物饲料成分中抗营养因子对鱼类的影响[J].饲料广角,2008(9):34~37
[205]林浩然.鱼类生理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1999. 75-78
[206]叶元土,蔡春芳,蒋蓉,等.鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、花生粕对草鱼生长和生理机能的影响[J].饲料工业.2005.26(12):17-21.
[207]Herman ,R. L. , Effects of gossypol on rainbow trout ,Salmo gairdneir[J] . J . Fish Biol , 1970 , 2 (4) :293～304.
[208]Dorsa , W. J . , Robinette ,H. R. , Robinson , E. H. etal . Effects of dietary Cotton Seed and gossypol ongrowth of young channel catfish Trans. of Am [J] .Fish. Soc. ,1982 ,3 :651～655.
[209]Roehm J . N. , Lee D. J . , Sinnhuber R. O. . Accumulation and elimination of dietary gossypol in the organsof rainbow trout [J] . J . Nutr. 1967 ,92 , 425～428.
[210]梁萌青,徐明起,朱伯清,等.影响对虾生长的抗营养素研究[J].饲料工业, 1999,.20 (12):39~41
[211]王利,汪开毓.动物棉酚中毒的研究进展[J].畜禽业,2002 , (5) :26～28.
[212]JAN C R,L IN L C,CHOU K J,et al.Novel effects of gossypol,a chemical contracep tive in man: mobilization of internal Ca2 + and activation of external Ca2 + entry in intactcells [ J].Biochimica etBiophysica Acta,2002,1496: 270- 276.
[213]RANDEL R D,CHASE J R,WYSE S J,et al.Effect ofgossypol and cottonseed p roducts on rep roduction in mammals [J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,1992,70: 1628 -1638.
[214]ZHANGW J,XU Z R,PAN X L,et al.Advances in gossypol toxicity and p rocessing effects of whole cottonseed indairy cows feeding[J].Livestock Science, 2007,111: 1 - 9
[215]饶丽娟,陈庆波,杨建军,等.棉酚对家兔部分血像的影响[J].中国草食动物, 2003,(23)3:11~12
[216]房义,钟荣珍,李树静,等.饲喂全棉籽影响奶牛生产性能和血液指标的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2006,1:36~38
[217]Mediha Yildirim , Chhorn Lim , Peter J . Wan , etal . Growth performance and immune response ofchannel catfish ( Ictalurus puctatus) fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol acetic acid [ J ] .Aquaculture. 2003 , 219 :751～768.
[218]富惠光,卢彤岩,等.棉酚对罗非鱼、鲤和金鱼血钾及肝肾器官的影响[J].水产学报, 1995 ,16 ( 2) :180～183.
[219]唐胜球,董小英,邹晓庭.水产饲料中的植物源抗营养素(上)[J],科学养鱼,2002,11:52~53
[2]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学[M].中国农业出版社,2004:29
[3]Higgs D A, Dosanjh B S, Prendergast A F, et al. Use of rapeseed /canola protein products in finfish diets. In:Lim C E, Sessa D J eds., Nutrition and Utilization Technology in Aquaculture. U S A: AOCS Press, 1995.130-156
[4]Lim C, Beames R M, Eales J G, et al. Nutritive values of low and high fibre canola meals for shrimp (Penaeus vannarnei) [J].Aquacult Nutr,1997a,3(4): 269-279.4
[5]Tacon, A.G.J, Barg, U.C.Major challenges to feed development for marine and diadromous finfish andcrustaceanspecies[J].In:De Silva, S.S.(Ed.),Tropical Mariculture. Academic Press, San Diego,CA,USA,1998,pp.171-208
[6]Gatlin,Hardy.Manipuliations of diets,and feeding to reduce loses of nutrients in intensive,aquanclulture [C].In: Tomasso,J.R (Ed.),Aquaculture and the,Environment in the United States U.S.Aquaculture Society,A chapture of the World Aquaculture Society,2002.pp.155-165
[7]NRC (Natural Research Council),Nutrition Requirement of Fish .Natinal Academic Press,Washington D C,1993
[8]Cowey,Cho.Nutrtional Strategies and Aquaculture Guelpu [M]: Waste Univ. Gelph ,1991.21-36
[9]Wilson R P,Poe W E.Relationship of whole body and egg essential amino acid pattern to acid requirement pattern in channel catfish,Ictaturus punctatus [J].Comp biochem Physol,1985,80B: 385-388
[10]高立海,曲悦,梁海平.水产饲料中棉籽饼粕替代鱼粉的研究进展[J].水利渔业,2004,24(4):66-67
[11]Viola S, Mokady S, Rappaport U, et al.Partialand complete replacement of fish meal by soybean meal feeds for intensive culture of carp [J].Aquaculture,1981,26: 223-236
[12]Floreto E A T,Bayer R C,Brown P.The effects of oybean based diets,with and without amino acids supplementation,on growth and biochemical composition of juvenile American lobster,Homarus americanus [J].Aquaculture,2000,189: 211-235
[13]陈立侨,堵南山,赖伟.中华绒螯蟹蟹种配饵中豆饼替代部分鱼粉的适宜含量[J].水产学报,1994,18(1):24-31
[14]Hasan M R, Macintosh D J,Jauncey K.Evaluation of some plant ingredients as dietary protein sources for common carp (Cyprinu carpio.L) fry [J].Aquaculture,1997, 151:55-70
[15]Shiau S Y, Chuang J L, Sun C L.Inclusion of soybean meal in tilapia (Oreochromisnioticus×O.aureus) diets at two protein levels [J].Aquaculture,1987,5: 251- 261
[16]Gouveia A,Davies S J.Inclusion of an extruded dehulled pea seed meal in diets for juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) [J].Aquaculture,2000,182: 183-193
[17] Lee S M,Kang Y J,Lee J Y.The effects of soybean meal as partial replacement for white fish meal in diets for yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) [J].Bull Nat Fish Res Dev Agency,1991,45: 247-257
[18]陈乃松,艾庆辉,王道尊.欧洲鳗配合饲料中大豆蛋白代替鱼粉的研究[J].水产学报,1998,22 (3) : 283-287
[19]艾庆辉,谢小军.南方鲇的营养学研究.饲料中大豆蛋白水平对生长的影响[J].水生生物学报,2002a,26 (1) : 57-65
[20]Viyakarn V,Watanabe T,Aoki H,et al.Use of soybean meal as asubstitute for fish meal in a newly developed soft2dry pellet for yellowtail [J].Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 1992,58 : 1991-2000
[21]De Silva S S,Anderson T A.Fish Nutrition in Aquaculture [M].London: Chapman & Hall,1993
[22]Escaffre A M,Infante J L Z,Cahu C L,et al.Nutritional value of soy protein concentrate for larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzymea ctivities [J].Aquaculture,1997,153:63-80.
[23]Gallagher M L.The use of soybean meal as a replacement for fishmeal in dietsfor hybrid striped bass ( Morone saxatillis×M.chrysops) [J].Aquaculture,1994,126 : 119-127
[24]Halver J E.Fish Nutrition (nd edn.) [M].San Diego: Academic Press,Inc.,1989
[25]Lindsay R C.Flavour of fish [A].Shahidi F,Botta J R,Eds.Seafoods Chemistry, Processing Technology and Quality [M].Glasgow: Blackie Academic and Professional, 1994
[26]Mohsen A A,Lovell RT.Partial substitution of soybean meal with animal protein source sindiets for channel catfish [J].Aquaculture,1990,90: 303-311
[27]Bureau D P,Harris A M,Cho C Y.The effects of purifiedalcohol extracts from soy products on feed intake and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (Oncorhy chusmykiss) [J].Aquaculture,1998,161: 27-43
[28]Francis G,Makkar H P S,Becker K.Antinutritional factors presenting plant- derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish [J].Aqua culture, 2001,1997-227
[29]Gomes E F,Rema P,Kaushik S J.Replacement of fishmeal by plant proteins in the diets of rain bow trout (Oncorhynchu smykiss): digestibility and growth performance [J].Aquaculture,1995,130: 177-186
[30]Opstvedt J,Aksnes A,Hope B,et al.Efficiency of feed utilization In Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar L.) fed diets with in creasing substitution of fishmeal with vegetable proteins [J].Aquaculture,2003,221: 365-379
[31]Smith R R,Kincaid H L,Regenstein J M,et al.Growth,carcasscomposition,and taste of rainbow trout of different strains fed dietscontaining primarily plant or animal protein [ J].Aquaculture,1988,70 : 309-321
[32]许国焕,贺锡勤,王燕.鲂对十四种常用商品饲料表现消化率的研究[ J].水利渔业,1995,1:19 - 21.
[33]吴建开,雍文岳,游文章,等.团头鲂对l2种饲料原料消化率和可消化能的测定.中国水产科学,1995,2(3):55～62
[34]陈建明,叶金云,潘茜,等.翘嘴红鲌鱼种对八种蛋白质饲料原料的消化率.淡水渔业,2005,35(1):20-22.
[35]陈建明,王友慧,叶金云,等.黑鲷对10种饵料原料的表观消化率.饲料博览.2004(11):44-46
[36]常青,梁萌青,王家林,等.花鲈对不同饲料原料的表观消化率.水生生物学报. 2005, 29(2):172-176.
[37]李会涛,麦康森,艾庆辉,等.大黄鱼对几种饲料蛋白原料消化率的研究.水生生物学报.2007,31(3):370-376.
[38]林仕梅,罗莉,叶元土.草鱼对17种饲料原料粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表观消化率[ J].中国水产科学,2001,8 (3) : 58～64
[39]周兴华,向枭,陈建.银鲈对六种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率.西南农业学报.2003,16 (3):90-93.
[40]张璐,陈立侨,洪美玲,等.中华绒螯蟹对11种饲料原料蛋白质和氨基酸的表观消化率.水产学报,2007,31(9) :116—121
[41]荣长宽,梁素秀,岳炳宜.中国对虾对16种饲料的蛋白质和氨基酸的消化率[ J].水产学报,1994,18 (2) : 131 - 137.
[42]吴建开,雍文岳,游文章,等.13种饲料原料蛋白质对尼罗罗非鱼的营养价值.中国水产科学,2000,7(2):37-42.
[43]雷武,杨云霞,贺锡勤.长吻鮠对鱼粉等六种商品饲料中粗蛋白和能量的消化率[ J].水生生物学报,1996,20 (2) : 113 - 118.
[44]韩建林,闫晓东,关庆坤.饲料中抗营养因子的分类作用机理及应用措施[J].当代畜牧,1999,(2):1-2
[45]Huisman J.et al.World Review of Animal Production[M].1991.77～82
[46]Kaushik S J,Cravedi J P,Lalles J P,et al.Partial or total replace ment of fishmeal by soybean protein on growth,protein utilization,potential estrogenic of antigenic effects, cholesterole mia and flesh quality in rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture, 1995,133: 257-274
[47]Refstie S,Tiekstra H A J.Potato protein concentrate with low con2tent of solanidine glycoalkoids in diets for Atlantic salmon ( S almosalar) [J].Aquaculture, 2003.216,283-298
[48]杨家晃.某些抗营养因子及毒素对饲料利用的影响[J].广西科学,2000,7(3): 237～240
[49]Gallaher D,Schneeman B O.Intestinal interaction of bile acids,phospholipids,dietary fibers,and cholestyramine [J].Amer J Physiol,1986,250: 420-426
[50]赵振山.鱼类饲料中的抗营养因子[J].中国饲料,1994,(8):25-26
[51]唐胜球,董小英,邹晓庭.水产饲料中的植物源抗营养素(下)[J],科学养鱼,2002,12:54
[52]艾红.鱼类饲料中的霉菌和黄曲霉素中毒.南方饲料快讯, 2003,3 : 15～16
[53]梁萌青.含黄曲霉素饵料对对虾生长的影响.饲料工业, 1995,16 (7) :10～12
[54]梁萌青.酸败油脂和黄曲霉毒素对中国对虾(Penaeus chinensis)生长的影响.中国水产科学, 1996,3 (4) :48～52
[55]刘澧津.棉籽粉长期作为尼罗罗非鱼蛋白源的评价.河北渔业, 1994.4 :13～15
[56]刘澧津.虹鳟肝癌一例.河北渔业, 1995.6 :3～4
[57]富慧光.棉酚对尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromisni loticus)生殖机能影响的研究.中国水产科学, 1995.2 (3) :36～41
[58]富慧光.棉酚对鱼类的毒性及棉籽饼的水产饲料利用前景.中国水产科学, 1996.3 (4) :114～117
[59]曹光辛.鱼类饲料中的抗营养因子和毒素[J].中国饲料,1996,22:17-18
[60]冯定远.饲料中的抗营养因子[J].广东饲料,2000,9(5):23-25
[61]周明.饲料中抗营养因子-血球凝集素[J].饲料博览,1994,(4) :12～13
[62]吉红.鱼用植物性蛋白饲料的抗营养因子[J].水利渔业,1999,19(4) :22～24.
[63]李兆新,耿霞,王红艳等,渔用饲料安全标准的研究[J].海洋水产研究,2005,26 (3) :91～95.
[64]瞿明仁.菜籽饼中有害成分.饲料与畜牧, 1994.6 :24～25
[65]邓君明,张曦,赵素梅.抗营养因子的抗营养作用[J].粮油食品科技,2003,11 (1) :34～37.
[66]王进波,刘建新.饲料抗营养因子研究进展[J].饲料博览,2000,(2) :16～18.
[67]Gifford S R,F M Chydesdale.Interactions among calcium,Zincand Phytate with three protein sources [J].J Food Sci.1990,55: 1720-1724
[68]Pallauf J G.Recent results on phyticacid and phytase In: Fifthe Forum Animal Nutrition,May 4-5,BASE Iudoigshafen,Germany,1996,43-63
[69]苗雪霞,陈红歌,李秀兰等.植酸酶对肉鸡生长及磷利用率的影响[J].河南农业大学学报,1999,33(1):68-71
[70]陈玉明,王安利,苗玉涛等.水产动物饲料抗营养因子的研究进展[J].水利渔业,2005,25(4):77-81
[71]聂国兴,李春喜.鱼用谷物饲料中抗营养因子及其降解方法[J].水利渔业,2000,20 (6) :9～10
[72]陈婉如.1998.饲用油脂的氧化与抗氧化.饲料研究,3 :18～20
[73]贾艳菊,等.水产饲料中大豆制品替代鱼粉的研究进展[J].中国饲料,2000, (2) : 5～7.
[74]周明.单宁对动物营养代谢的影响[J].中国饲料,1996,(11):23-24
[75]HEWITT DG,LAFON NW,KIRKRATRIRICK RC.Effect of tanninson galliform cecal parlitioning[J].Phsiologicalzoology,1997,70(2):175-180
[76]宋青龙,秦贵信.饲料中的抗营养因子及其消除方法[J].猪与禽,2003,23(3): 8～13
[77]Tacon A G J,Jackson A.Utilization of conventional and unconventional protein sources in practical fish feeds [A].Nutrition and Feedding in Fish [M],London: Academic Press,1985
[78]Bautista Teruel M N,Fermin A C,Koshio S S.Dietdevelopment and evaluation for juvenile abalone,Haliotis asinina: animaland Plant protein sources [J].Aquaculture, 2003,219: 645-653
[79]Lim C,Dominy W.Evaluation of soybean meal as a replacement forma marine animal protein in diets for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) [J].Aquaculture,1990,87:53-63
[80]Dabrowski K,PoczyczynskiP,KockG,et al.Effect of partially or totally replacing fish meal protein by soybean meal protein on growth,food utilization and proteclytic enzyme activities in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).New in vivo test for exocrine pancreatic secretion [J].Aquaculture,1989,77: 29-49
[81]Masumoto T,Ruchimat T,Ito Y,et al.Amino acid availability values for several protein sources for yellowtail (Seriolaquinquera diata) [J].Aquaculture,1996,146: 109-119.
[82]Elangovan A,Shim K F.The influence of replacing fish meal partially in the diet with soybean meal on growth and body composition of juvenile tin foil barb (Barbodes altus) [J].Aquaculture,2000,189: 133-144.
[83]Reigh R C,Ellis S C.Effects of dietary soy bean and fish protein ratios on growth and body composition of red drum (Sciaen opsocellatus) fed isonitrogenous diets J].Aquaculture,1992,104: 279-292.
[84]Sheng H Q,He X Q.Effects of dietary animal and plant protein ra2tios and energy on growth and body composition of bream ( Megalo2brama skolkovii Dybowski ) [ J].Aquaculture,1994,127 : 189-196
[85]Gouveia A,Davies S J.Inclusion of an extruded dehulled pea seedmeal in diets for juvenile European sea bass (Dicent rarchus labrax )[J].Aquaculture,2000,182: 183 -193
[86]Dabrowska H,Wojno T.Studies on the utilization by rainbow trout( S almo gai rdneri Rich) of feed mixture containing soya bean mealand an addition of amino acids [J].Aquaculture,1977,10 : 297~310.
[87]Allan GL,Rowland S J,Mifsud C,et al.Replacement of fish mealin diets for Australian silver perch,Bi dyanus bi dyanus V.Leastcost formulation of practical diets [ J].Aqauculture,2000b,186 :327-340.
[88]Bjerkeng B,Refstie S,Fjalestad K T.Quality parameters of flesh ofAtlantic salmon ( S almo salar) as affected by dietary fat content andfull2fat soybean meal as a partial substitute for fish meal in the diet[J].Aquaculture,1997,157 : 297-309.
[89]Johansson L,Kiessling A,Carlsson R.Eating quality and growth ofrainbow trout (Oncorhychus mykiss) on feed with different admixtures of leaf nutrient concentrate [J].J Sci Food Agri,1991,57 :217-234
[90]Refstie S,Kors?en ?J,Storebakken T,et al.Differing nutritionalresponses to dietary soybean meal in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchusmykiss) and Atlantic salmon ( S almo salar ) [ J].Aquaculture,2000,190 : 49-63.
[91]Xie S,Jokumsen A.Replacement of fish meal by potato protein concentrate in the diets for rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ).growth,feed utilization and body composition [J].Aquacult Nutr,1997,3 : 65-69.
[92]Tacon A GJ,Haaster J V,Featherstone P B,et al.Studies on theutilization of full2fat soybean and solvent extracted soybean meal in acomplete diet for rainbow trout [J].Bull Jpn Soc Sci Fish,1983,49(9) : 1437-1443.
[93]欧阳敏,贺建华.水产饲料诱食剂的研究现状与展望[J].中国畜牧兽医,2003,30(1):20-22.
[94]颉志刚,牛翠娟,曾端等.植物蛋白源替代鱼粉及诱食剂对鲤鱼生长影响的研究[J],中国饲料,2003,9:19-21.
[95]冯健,王明鹏.肽诱食剂改善南美白对虾植物蛋白日粮的作用[J],海洋科学,2004,28(4):48-51.
[96]Arndt R E,Hardy R W,Sugiura S H,et al.Effects of heattreat ment and substitution level onpalatability and nutritional value of so defatted flourin feeds for Coho Salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutch [J].Aquaculture,1999,180: 129-145.
[97]Dabrowski K,Kozak B.The use of fishmeal and soybean meal as protein in the diet of grass carp [J].Aquaculture,1979,18: 107-114.
[98]郭源梅.抗营养因子的研究进展, 16-19
[99]林建斌.不同加工条件对大豆饼粕品质的影响.饲料工业,1994,15 (4) :1～9
[100]郭秀山.应用熟化颗粒饲料饲喂虹鳟鱼试验报告.饲料博览,1993,(1) :30～33
[101]任中斗.鱼苗培育新法.中国水产,1994,(4) :22
[102]杨丽杰,霍贵成.挤压膨化对全脂大豆中的胰蛋白酶抑制因子和凝集素的影响.营养研究挤,1998,19(11) :22
[103]王宝东,杨连玉,秦贵信等.热处理对全脂大豆蛋的质瘤胃降解率的影响.吉林农业大学学报.1995,17(增刊).97-100
[104]郭芳彬.饲料中抗营养因子的有害作用及处理方法(1).饲料博览, 1994,(3) :29～30
[105]张建云,闫贵龙,刘立文等.生大豆饼化学钝化剂的研究.畜牧兽医学报,1999,30 (1),1-5
[106]吴新民,傅仕洪,陈小春.豆粕中抗营养因子常用的几种处理技术的效果[J].草原与饲料,2004,(9):66-67
[107]李延云,聂宇燕,朱杰.菜籽饼与玉米糖化醪混合发酵脱毒的试验研究.资源开发,1998,19(1) :20
[108]李延云.棉饼粕生物脱毒及生产单细胞蛋白技术.中国饲料,1995,(10) :28～30
[109]胡弘.菜籽饼固体发酵温度与时间的研究.饲料博览,1993,(1) :27
[110]Maugle P D,Deshimaru O,Katayama T,et al.The use of amylasesupplementsin shrimp diets [J].J World Maricul Soc,1983,14 :25-37
[111]Kolkovski S,Tandler A,Izquierdo M S.Effects of live food and dietary digestive enzymes on the efficiency of microdiets for seabass( Dicent rarchus labrax) larvae [J].Aquaculture,1997,148 : 313-322.
[112]Papatryphon E,Howell R,Soares J H.Growth and mineral absorption by striped bass Morone saxatilis fed a plant feedstuff based dietsupplemented with phytase [J].J World Aqualt Soc,1999,30 (2) :161-173
[113]Lanari D,D’Agaro E,Turri C.Use of nonlinear regression to evaluate the effects of phytase enzyme treatment of plant protein diets forrainbow trout ( Oncornynchus mykiss ) [ J].Aquaculture,1998,161 : 345-356.
[114]Vielma J,Ruohonen K,Peisker M.Dephytinization of two soy proteins increases phosphorus and protein utilization by rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture, 2002,204 : 145-156.
[115]Glencross B D,Boujard T,Kaushik S J.Influence of oligosaccharides on the digestibility of lupin meals when fed to rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [J]. Aquaculture,2003,219 : 703-713.
[116]刘会娟,姜龙巩,元芳等.饲料抗营养因子的研究进展[J].湖南饲料,2006,(1) :18-20
[117]Cheng Z J,Hardy R W,Usry J L.Effects of lysine supplementation in plant protein based diets on the performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and apparent digestibility coefficients of nutrients [J].Aquaculture,2003,215:255-265.
[118]El-Saidy D M S D,Gaber M M A.Complete replacement of fish meal by soy bean meal with dietary L-lysine supplementation for Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.) finger lings [J].J World Aqua Soc,2002,33(3): 297-305.
[119]艾庆辉.饲料中大豆蛋白对南方鲇生长的影响及其能量学机理的研究[D].北京:中国科学院水生生物研究所,2001
[120]Yamada S,Simpson K L,Tanaka Y,et al.Plasma amino acidchanges in rainbow trout,S almo gai rdneri,forced2fed casein and acorresponding amino acid mixture [J]. Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish,1981,47 : 1035-1040.
[121]周兴华,向枭.动物蛋白源替代鱼粉在水产养殖业上的应用.饲料研究,2001,11:12-13.
[122]林金芳.植物性蛋自饲料在对虾配合饵料中的应用[J],饲料研究,1988,10
[123]吕忠进.棉籽饼在鱼虾配合饲料中的应用[J] .水产养殖,1993,1:13-15
[124]文华,袁明雄,游文章.单一饲料饲养草鱼的效果及其营养价值评价.淡水渔业,2000,30(2):37-41.
[125]Robinson, E.H., (1991). Improvement of cottonseed meal protein with supplemental lysine in feeds for channel catfish [J]. ,Appl.Aquac., 1( 2):l- 14
[126]Wilson R P,Robinson E H,Poe W E.Apparent and trueavailability of amino acids from common feed ingredients forchannel catfish [J].J Nutr,1981,111 : 923 - 929
[127]Chikwem J O. Effect of dietary cyclopropene fatty acids on the amino acid uptake of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdnero) [J]. Cytobios., 1987, 49(196):17-21
[128]M. Boonyaratpalin, K. Supamattaya, V. Verakunpiriya et al. Effects of aflatoxin B1 on growth performance, blood components, immune function and histopathological changes in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) [J], Aquac. Res. 2001:32 (Suppl. 1): 388–398.
[129]M.N. Bautista, C.R. Lavilla-Pitogo, P.F. Subosa and E.T. Begino, Aflatoxin B1 contamination of shrimp feeds and its effect on growth and hepatopancreas of pre-adult Penaeus monodon [J]. Sci. Food Agric. 1994, 65, 5–11.
[130]H.T. Ostrowski-Meissner, B.R. LeaMaster, E.O. Duerr and W.A. Wlash, Sensitivity of the Pacific white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, to aflatoxin B1 [J]. Aquaculture, 1995, 131: 155-164.
[131]Trzebiatowski R, Filipiak J. Using rapeseed oil meal in pelleted feed mixtures for carp C 1～2 [J]. Zootecnika, 1992, (37): 97-103.
[132]Lim C, Klesius P H, Higgs D A. Substitution of canola meal for soy bean meal in diets for channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus [J]. J. World Aquac Soc. 1998, 29(2): 161-168
[133]Webster C D, et al. Growth and body composition of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus fed diets containing various percentage of canola meal [J]. Aquac. 1997, 150 (1/2): 103-112
[134]Burel C, Boudjard T, Tulli F,et al. Digestibility of extruded peas, extrudedlupin, and rapeseed meal in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss and turbot, Psetta maxima [J]. Aquaculture, 2000, 188:285-298
[135]Burel C., Boujard T, Escaffre A M, et al. Dietary low glucosinolate rapeseed meal affect thyroid status and nutrient utilization in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Brit [J]. Nutr. 2000c, 83, 653–664.
[136]McCurdy S M. and March B E. Processing of canola meal for incorporation in trout and salmon diets [J]. Amer. Oil. Chem. Soc., 1992, 69(3):213-220
[137]高贵琴,熊邦喜,赵振山,等.不同水平双低菜粕替代蛋白对鱼类生长的影响.水利渔业,2004,24(3):55-57.
[138]Wilson R P. Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. In R.P.Wilson (Ed.), Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (pp. 35-54). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991
[139]Luquet P. Tilapia, Oreochromis spp. In R.P. Wilson (Ed.), Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (pp. 169-180). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991
[140]Satoh S. Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio. In R.P.Wilson (Ed.), Handbook of Nutrient Requirements of Finfish (pp.55-68). Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991
[141]Boonyaratpalin M, Suraneiranat P, Tunpibal T. Replacement of fish meal with various types of soybean products in diets for the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer [J]. Aquaculture, 1998, 161: 67-78
[142]董云伟.牛翠娟.豆粕替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版).2000,36(2):260-263
[143]何大庆,程宗佳,曹双俊等.美国去皮豆粕养殖南美白对虾的对比试验[J].饲料广角,2005,21:28-30
[144]Laura A. Muzinic, Kenneth R. Thompson et al., Partial and total replacement of fish meal with soybean meal and brewer's grains with yeast in practical diets for Australian red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, Aquaculture, 2004, 230: 359–376
[145]Berg Lea T, Brattas, L E, Krogdahl, A. Saybean proteinase inhibitors effect nutrient digestion in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). In J. Huisman, T.F.B.Poel and I.E.Liener (Eds), Recent advances of Research in Antinutritional Factors in Legume Seeds. Pudoc, Wageningen, 1989,991-102.
[146]Krogdahl A. Alternative protein sources from plants contain antinutrients affecting digestion in salmonids. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Feeding and Nutrition in Fish, Toba (Japan), 28 August to 1st September, 1989. 253-261.
[147]Vohra P and Kratzer F H. Evaluation of soybean meal determines adequacy of heat treatment. D.M.Akiyama & R.Tan (Eds) Proceedings of the Aquaculture Feed Processing and Nutrition Workshop, Thailand and Indonesia, 19-25 September 1991. American Soybean Association, Singapore, 1991. 226-241
[148]解绶启,崔奕波.鱼类对植物性蛋白源的利用[J].上海水产大学学报,1998,7(增刊) :44—52
[149]邱小琮,周洪琪,刘小刚,等.中草药添加剂对异育银鲫生长和蛋白质消化吸收的影响.水产学报,2002,26(6):551-555
[150]Robert P Wilson,William E Poe.Apparent digestible protein andenergy coefficients of common feed ingredients for channel catfish[J].Prog Fish Cult,1985, 47 :154 - 158.
[151]Nose T.On the metabolic fecal nitrogen in young rainbow trout[J].Bull Fresh Fish Res Lab( Tokyo),1967,17 :97 - 105.
[152]张玉良,朱亚珠,陈慧达.青鱼对十四种饲料的消化率[J].水产科技情报, 1990, 6 :166 - 169.
[153]Crua E W.Determination of nutrient digestibility in various calssesof natural and purified feed materials for channel catfish [ D].Auburn : Auburn University,1975.82.
[154]文华,雍文岳,廖朝兴,等.草鱼对11种饲料原料各种营养成分和总能的表观消化率[A].鱼虾营养研究进展[ C].广州:中山大学出版社,1995,211～220
[155]蒋明,文华,雍文岳,等.用两种粪便收集方法测定草鱼对九种饲料原料的表观消化率.淡水渔业,2006,36(3):21-25
[156]林仕梅.草鱼对常规饲料消化率测定方法的研究[ J].饲料工业,2001,22 (5) : 23～26.
[157]罗莉,林仕梅,叶元土.草鱼对九种饲料的干物质蛋白质和脂肪的表观消化率[ J].淡水渔业,2001,31 (3) : 47～50.
[158]Lee SM.Apparent digestibility coefficients of various feed ingredientsfor juvenile and grower rockfish ( Sebastes schlegeli ) [J].Aquacul2ture,2002,207 :79—95
[159]李爱杰.水产动物营养与饲料学.北京:中国农业出版社.1996
[160]Sullivan J A,Reigh R C.Apparent digestibility of selected feedstuffsin diets for hybrid striped bass ( Morone saxatilis♀×Moronechrysops♂) [J].Aquaculture, 1995, 138 :313—322
[161]Cho C Y,Cowey C B.Rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss [A].In : Wilson R P (Editor),Handbook of Nutrtient Requirements ofFinfish [M].CRC Press,Boca Raton, FL, 1991,131—143
[162]Burel C,B ouja rd T,Kaushik S J,et al.Potentia lof p lant2p rotein sources as f ish m ea l subs titutes indie ts for turbot ( Psetta m axim a ) : grow th,nutrientutiliza tion and thyroid status [J].A quaculture,2000,188: 363 - 382.
[163]Regost C,A rzel J,Kaushik S J.Partia l or tota l re2p lacem ent of f ish meal by corn gluten m eal in die tfor turbot(Psetta m ax im a)[J].A quaculture,1999,180:99 -117.
[164]Masum oto T,Ruchim a t T,Ito Y,et al.Am inoac id ava ilability values for seve ralprote in sourcesfor yellow tail(Seriola quinqueradiata)[J].A quaculture,1996,146: 109-119.
[165]田丽霞,林鼎,毛永庆,等.草鱼常用饲料原料的可利用氨基酸研究[A].鱼虾营养研究进展[ C].广州:中山大学出版社,1995.221～228.
[166]McGoogan B B,Reigh R C.Apparent digestibility of selectedingredients in red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) diets [J].Aquac,1996,141 : 233 - 244.
[167]Falge R,Schpanof L,Jurss K.Amylase,esterase and proteaseactivity in the intestine content of rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneriRichardson,after feeding with feed containing different amountsof starch and protein [J].J Ichthyol,1978,18 : 283 - 287.
[168]Opstvedt J,Miller R,Hardy R,et a1.Heat?induced changes insultlaydryl groups and disulfide bonds in fish protein and their effect onprotein and amino acid digestibility in rainbow trout(Salmo gairdnefi)[J].,.g丌.Food Chem.,1984,32:929—935
[169]荻野珍吉(郑长义、戴宏宗译),1984。鱼类的营养与饲料。养鱼世界杂志社出版(台北)。
[170]Cho,C.Y.etal.1982.Bioenergetics of salmonid fishes;Energyintake,expenditureand productivity.CompBiochem,Physiol,73B(1):25-41
[171]薛敏.罗琳.吴秀峰.等.一种新型蛋白源_脱酚棉粕在水产饲料中的应用.饲料研究,2006.7:43～45.
[172]任维美.虹鳟饲料中棉籽饼的适宜用量[J].饲料研究,2002 , (1) :37.
[173]任维美.罗非鱼饲料中棉籽饼的适宜用量[J].饲料研究,2002 , (11) :27.
[174]张永根.几种植物蛋白源作为鱼类主要蛋白饲料的评价[J].饲料博览,1992 , (2):41～43.
[175]Fowler L G.Substitution of soybean and cottonseedproducts for fish mealin diets fed to Chinook and cohosalmon[J].Prog Fish - Cult ,1980 , (42) :87～91.
[176]侯红利,罗宇良.棉酚毒性研究的回顾[J].水利渔业,2005,25 (6) : 100 - 102.
[177]孟祥林,丁庆秋.鱼类肝胆综合症的发病原因及防治方法[ J ] .水利渔业, 2004, 24 (3) : 65
[178]胡宝林.鱼类肝胆综合症的防治[ J ] .水产养殖12006, 27(2):41
[179]熊淮生,卢丽群.草鱼、鲫肝胆综合症病因及防治[ J ] .齐鲁渔业,2006, 23(7):22
[180]李建武等.生物化学实验原理和方法.北京大学出版社.1994,313-317
[181]Rijkers G T.The Haemolftic Plaque Assay in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.).J Immune Meth ,1980 , (33) :79～86.
[182]LamersCh J.The Reaction of the Immune System of Fish to Vaccinatio; Development of Immunological Memory in Carp ,CyprinusCarpio L, Folloroiny Direct Immersion in Aeromomas Hydrophilla Bacterin.J Fish Disease , 1985 , (8) :253～262.
[183]Trump G N , Hideman W H.Antibody Respense of Gold Fish to Bovine Serum Albumin ; Primary and Secondary Respenses.Immunology ,1970 , (19) :621
[184]陈超然,陈萱,陈昌福,等.酵母β葡聚糖对受免异育银鲫免疫应答的增强作用[J].华中农业大学学报,2003,22(4):380～384.
[185]徐延震,王震龙,宋憬愚.鱼类的免疫机制[J].中国兽药杂志,1995, 29(4):57-60.
[186]Zhou J, Song X L, Huang J, et al.Effects of dietary supp lamentation of aαpep tidoglycan on innate immune responses and defense ac2tivity of Japanese flounder[J]. Aquaculture, 2006, 251: 172～181
[187]钟国防,周洪琪.木聚糖酶和复合酶制剂PS对尼罗罗非鱼生长性能、非特异性免疫能力的影响[J].海洋渔业,2005 ,27 (4) :286-291.
[188]庄惠生,杨光.双A对鲤鱼急性和亚急性毒性的研究[J].环境化学,2005, 24(6) : 682- 684
[189]高晓莉,罗胡英,赵彦珍,等.铜、锌对鲤鱼抗氧化酶影响的研究[J].淡水渔业, 2004,34(4):22- 23.
[190]刘慧,王晓蓉,王为木,等.低浓度锌及其EDTA配合物长期暴露对鲫鱼肝脏锌富集及抗氧化系统的影响[J].环境科学,2005,26(1):173- 176.
[191]王重刚,郑微云,余群,等.苯并(a)芘和芘的混合物暴露对梭鱼肝脏抗氧化酶活性的影响[J].环境科学学报,2002,22(4):529- 533.
[192]Syed, M.A.andCoombs, T.L., 1982.Copper metabolism in the place Pleurone- ctes platessa(L)[J].Exp.Mar.Biol.Ecol.,63:281-286
[193]Lanno R.P., S.J.Slinger and J.W.Hilton, 1985.Maximum tolerable and toxicity levels of dietary copper in rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri Richardson)[J].Aquaculture, 49:257-268
[194]L IW, YIN D, ZHANGA, et al.Toxicity of chloroanilines and effects onsuperoxide dismutase activities in serum of crucian carp (Carassius aura2tus) [J]. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 2002, 68: 630 - 636.
[195]郑永华,蒲富永.汞对鲤鲫鱼组织转氨酶活性的影响[J].西南农业大学学报, 1997 , 19 (1) :41 - 45.
[196]孙虎山,李光友.栉孔扇贝血淋巴中超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性及其性质的研究[J] .海洋与湖沼,2000,31(3):259-265.
[197]林仕梅,罗莉.喹乙醇对草鱼耗氧率及组织转氨酶活力的影响[J].中国饲料, 1997,22:31-34.
[198]尾崎久雄.鱼类血液与循环生理[M].许学龙,等译.上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1982.40～175.
[199]黄辨非,童响波,罗静波.饥饿对泥鳅某些血液指标的影响[J].淡水渔业, 2006, 36 (6) : 33～35.
[200]钱云霞,陈惠群,孙江飞.饥饿对养殖鲈鱼血液生理生化指标的影响[J].中国水产科学, 2002, 9 (2) :133～137.
[201]陈晓耘.饥饿对南方鲶幼鱼血液的影响[J].西南农业大学学报, 2000, 22 (2) : 167～176.
[202]南旭阳.除草剂“草甘膦”对鲫鱼血细胞及血红蛋白影响的研究[J].甘肃科学学报, 2002, 14 (4) : 66～70.
[203]吴萍,宋学宏,蔡春芳,等.pH对黄颡鱼红细胞脆性及血红蛋白含量的影响[J].水利渔业, 2002, 22(1) : 21～23.
[204]张辉,单安山,牟振波.植物饲料成分中抗营养因子对鱼类的影响[J].饲料广角,2008(9):34~37
[205]林浩然.鱼类生理学[M].广州:广东高等教育出版社,1999. 75-78
[206]叶元土,蔡春芳,蒋蓉,等.鱼粉、豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、花生粕对草鱼生长和生理机能的影响[J].饲料工业.2005.26(12):17-21.
[207]Herman ,R. L. , Effects of gossypol on rainbow trout ,Salmo gairdneir[J] . J . Fish Biol , 1970 , 2 (4) :293～304.
[208]Dorsa , W. J . , Robinette ,H. R. , Robinson , E. H. etal . Effects of dietary Cotton Seed and gossypol ongrowth of young channel catfish Trans. of Am [J] .Fish. Soc. ,1982 ,3 :651～655.
[209]Roehm J . N. , Lee D. J . , Sinnhuber R. O. . Accumulation and elimination of dietary gossypol in the organsof rainbow trout [J] . J . Nutr. 1967 ,92 , 425～428.
[210]梁萌青,徐明起,朱伯清,等.影响对虾生长的抗营养素研究[J].饲料工业, 1999,.20 (12):39~41
[211]王利,汪开毓.动物棉酚中毒的研究进展[J].畜禽业,2002 , (5) :26～28.
[212]JAN C R,L IN L C,CHOU K J,et al.Novel effects of gossypol,a chemical contracep tive in man: mobilization of internal Ca2 + and activation of external Ca2 + entry in intactcells [ J].Biochimica etBiophysica Acta,2002,1496: 270- 276.
[213]RANDEL R D,CHASE J R,WYSE S J,et al.Effect ofgossypol and cottonseed p roducts on rep roduction in mammals [J].Journal of Animal Nutrition,1992,70: 1628 -1638.
[214]ZHANGW J,XU Z R,PAN X L,et al.Advances in gossypol toxicity and p rocessing effects of whole cottonseed indairy cows feeding[J].Livestock Science, 2007,111: 1 - 9
[215]饶丽娟,陈庆波,杨建军,等.棉酚对家兔部分血像的影响[J].中国草食动物, 2003,(23)3:11~12
[216]房义,钟荣珍,李树静,等.饲喂全棉籽影响奶牛生产性能和血液指标的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2006,1:36~38
[217]Mediha Yildirim , Chhorn Lim , Peter J . Wan , etal . Growth performance and immune response ofchannel catfish ( Ictalurus puctatus) fed diets containing graded levels of gossypol acetic acid [ J ] .Aquaculture. 2003 , 219 :751～768.
[218]富惠光,卢彤岩,等.棉酚对罗非鱼、鲤和金鱼血钾及肝肾器官的影响[J].水产学报, 1995 ,16 ( 2) :180～183.
[219]唐胜球,董小英,邹晓庭.水产饲料中的植物源抗营养素(上)[J],科学养鱼,2002,11:52~53