凡纳滨对虾对棉粕及菜粕的利用研究
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摘要
本文研究了棉粕、菜粕以及棉粕和菜粕复合物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用、体组成成分以及非特异性免疫指标的影响,实验结果如下:
1.为研究棉粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。采用棉粕分别替代8%、16%、24%、32%、40%的鱼粉,以饲料中鱼粉的添加量30% (粗蛋白质为44%)为对照组,配成6种等氮等能饲料,凡纳滨对虾初始体重为0.80±0.01g。实验结果表明饲料棉粕对凡纳滨对虾的成活率和肝体比没有显著影响,随着棉粕用量的增加,各组幼虾生长呈现先增后减趋势。8%替代组终体重、增重率、特定生长率为最高,饲料系数最低,各组之间差异不显著。当饲料中棉粕替代量达到24%,其蛋白质效率显著低于8%替代组。对凡纳滨对虾消化率的数据分析表明,8%棉粕替代组蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率略高于对照组,显著高于其余各组;体成分的分析结果表明,棉粕替代水平从24%升至40%时,全虾和肌肉的磷含量显著降低。以生长、表观消化率为指标,饲料中棉粕替代8%鱼粉(即饲料中棉粕的添加量为3.4%)有利于生长。以生长为指标,棉粕替代鱼粉的比例以不高于24%(即棉粕的添加量以不超过11%)合适。
2.为研究双低菜粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。采用双低菜粕分别替代8%、16%、24%、32%、40%的鱼粉,以饲料中鱼粉的添加量30% (粗蛋白质为42%)为对照组,配成6种等氮等能饲料,凡纳滨对虾初始体重为0.62±0.01g。实验结果表明饲料中双低菜粕替代鱼粉比例不超过32%时,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数与对照组相比没有显著性差异,尾均重,特定生长率,蛋白质效率均以8%双低菜粕替代组最高。饲料中添加双低菜粕对凡纳滨对虾的成活率无显著影响。对凡纳滨对虾消化率的数据分析表明,对照组干物质、蛋白质和粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于双低菜粕添加组,各双低菜粕替代组之间,干物质的表观消化率没有差异。8%替代组蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率均高于其他双低菜粕替代组并显著高于40%替代组。体成分的分析结果表明,32%和40%双低菜粕替代组全虾灰分显著增高,肝胰脏粗脂肪显著降低。各组饲料水中浸泡失重率与双低菜粕替代水平正相关。以生长为指标,饲料中双低菜粕替代鱼粉的比例以不高于24%(即饲料中双低菜粕的添加量以不超过12%)为宜。
3.为研究棉粕,双低菜粕复合物替代鱼粉及添加晶体氨基酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用以及非特异性免疫指标的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。对照组饲料中鱼粉的添加量30% (粗蛋白质为43%),棉粕、双低菜粕(蛋白质比1:1)复合分别替代10%,20%,30%的鱼粉,另在此基础上分别添加赖氨酸硫酸盐、晶体蛋氨酸、晶体苏氨酸与对照组氨基酸含量一致,配成7种等氮等能饲料,凡纳滨对虾初始体重为0.66±0.01g。实验结果表明实验各组在凡纳滨对虾尾均重、增重率、饵料系数、特定生长率、蛋白质效率,成活率差异不显著;对凡纳滨对虾消化率的数据分析表明,干物质、蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率对照组最高,但与棉粕、双低菜粕复合物添加组差异不显著。非特异性免疫指标的分析结果表明,各组间对虾血清PO活性和ACP活性差异不显著(p<0.05),对照组血清总蛋白含量高于复合替代组,ACP活性添加晶体氨基酸替代组比同一水平不添加的低。肝脏SOD、GST、GSH、AKP、ACP活性对照组显著高于替代组。总之,饲料中棉粕、双低菜粕复合替代鱼粉的比例不高于30%(即饲料中棉粕、双低菜粕复合物的添加量不超过13%)时,生长指标与对照组无显著性差异。饲料中添加赖氨酸硫酸盐、DL-蛋氨酸、晶体苏氨酸对促进对虾生长作用不大。
The studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal with cottonseed meal, canola meal and mixture of cottonseed meal and canola meal on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non-specific immune response for the Pacific white shrimp. The results can be briefly summarized as follows:
1. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of cottonseed meal for Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.80g shrimp were each fed one of six isonitrogenous (440g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (CM0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Five experimental diets(CM8, CM16, CM24, CM32, CM40)comprised either 34.2,68.4,102.6,136.8or171.0 g kg?1 of the cottonseed meal by replacement of 8,16,24,32,40% of the fish meal in a basal (practical) diet. In general, growth, feed intake and percentage survival were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. The groups of shrimp fed 34.2 g kg?1 of cottonseed meal showed a slight raise in growth parameters compared to shrimp fed the control diet .Increasing replacement level of fish meal protein by cottonseed meal up to 24%, the protein efficiency ratio and phosphorus content in whole body and muscle were significant decreased (P<0.05).The apparent digestibility coefficients of the protein and lipid of shrimp fed 34.2 g kg?1 of cottonseed meal was higher than all other diets. It is concluded that cottonseed meal can replace of 24% of the fish meal protein of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake.
2. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of canola meal for Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.62g shrimp were each fed one of six isonitrogenous (420g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (RM0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Five experimental diets(RM8,RM16, RM24, RM32, RM40)comprised either 38.6,77.2,115.8,154.4or193.0g kg?1 of the canola meal by replacement of 8,16,24,32,40% of the fish meal in RM0. Shrimp that ingested diets comprised 154.4 or 193.0 g kg?1 of the canola meal, respectively, exhibited significant reductions in growth and feed intake relative to those fed RM0. The groups of shrimp fed 39.9g kg?1 of canola meal showed a slight raise in growth parameters compared to shrimp fed the control diet but was not statistically significant.(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility coefficients of the dry matter、protein and lipid of RM0 significantly higher than the other diets. Shrimp that ingested diets comprised 154.4 or 193.0 g kg?1 of the canola meal, respectively exhibited significant reductions the lipid content in hepatopancreas and significant increase the ash content in whole body relative to those fed the basal diet. In general, percentage survival was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Water stability of the diet pellets was negatively correlated with their levels of canola meal. It is concluded that canola meal can replace of 24% of the fish meal of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake.
3. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of a mixture of Canola meal and Cottonseed meal (1:1 on a crude protein basis, RM-CM) with and without supplemental amino acids for Litopenaeus vannamei.The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.66g shrimp were each fed one of seven isonitrogenous(430g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (A0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Substitution diets were formulated by replacing 10,20,30% of the fish meal in the A0 with RM-CM and then supplementing with Met, Lys and Thr respectively as needed to maintain concentrations of Met,Lys and Thr equal to those in the A0. In general, growth, protein utilization, feed intake and percentage survival were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. The groups of shrimp fed A0 showed a slight raise in apparent dry matter, protein and lipid digestibility compared to shrimp fed others diet but was not statistically significant. The superoxide dismutas, glutahione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases activities in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed CD was significantly higher than all other diets. It is concluded that RM-CM can replace of 30% of the fish meal of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake and protein utilization.
1.为研究棉粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。采用棉粕分别替代8%、16%、24%、32%、40%的鱼粉,以饲料中鱼粉的添加量30% (粗蛋白质为44%)为对照组,配成6种等氮等能饲料,凡纳滨对虾初始体重为0.80±0.01g。实验结果表明饲料棉粕对凡纳滨对虾的成活率和肝体比没有显著影响,随着棉粕用量的增加,各组幼虾生长呈现先增后减趋势。8%替代组终体重、增重率、特定生长率为最高,饲料系数最低,各组之间差异不显著。当饲料中棉粕替代量达到24%,其蛋白质效率显著低于8%替代组。对凡纳滨对虾消化率的数据分析表明,8%棉粕替代组蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率略高于对照组,显著高于其余各组;体成分的分析结果表明,棉粕替代水平从24%升至40%时,全虾和肌肉的磷含量显著降低。以生长、表观消化率为指标,饲料中棉粕替代8%鱼粉(即饲料中棉粕的添加量为3.4%)有利于生长。以生长为指标,棉粕替代鱼粉的比例以不高于24%(即棉粕的添加量以不超过11%)合适。
2.为研究双低菜粕替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。采用双低菜粕分别替代8%、16%、24%、32%、40%的鱼粉,以饲料中鱼粉的添加量30% (粗蛋白质为42%)为对照组,配成6种等氮等能饲料,凡纳滨对虾初始体重为0.62±0.01g。实验结果表明饲料中双低菜粕替代鱼粉比例不超过32%时,凡纳滨对虾的增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数与对照组相比没有显著性差异,尾均重,特定生长率,蛋白质效率均以8%双低菜粕替代组最高。饲料中添加双低菜粕对凡纳滨对虾的成活率无显著影响。对凡纳滨对虾消化率的数据分析表明,对照组干物质、蛋白质和粗脂肪表观消化率显著高于双低菜粕添加组,各双低菜粕替代组之间,干物质的表观消化率没有差异。8%替代组蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率均高于其他双低菜粕替代组并显著高于40%替代组。体成分的分析结果表明,32%和40%双低菜粕替代组全虾灰分显著增高,肝胰脏粗脂肪显著降低。各组饲料水中浸泡失重率与双低菜粕替代水平正相关。以生长为指标,饲料中双低菜粕替代鱼粉的比例以不高于24%(即饲料中双低菜粕的添加量以不超过12%)为宜。
3.为研究棉粕,双低菜粕复合物替代鱼粉及添加晶体氨基酸对凡纳滨对虾生长、饲料利用以及非特异性免疫指标的影响,进行了为期8周的生长实验。对照组饲料中鱼粉的添加量30% (粗蛋白质为43%),棉粕、双低菜粕(蛋白质比1:1)复合分别替代10%,20%,30%的鱼粉,另在此基础上分别添加赖氨酸硫酸盐、晶体蛋氨酸、晶体苏氨酸与对照组氨基酸含量一致,配成7种等氮等能饲料,凡纳滨对虾初始体重为0.66±0.01g。实验结果表明实验各组在凡纳滨对虾尾均重、增重率、饵料系数、特定生长率、蛋白质效率,成活率差异不显著;对凡纳滨对虾消化率的数据分析表明,干物质、蛋白质、粗脂肪表观消化率对照组最高,但与棉粕、双低菜粕复合物添加组差异不显著。非特异性免疫指标的分析结果表明,各组间对虾血清PO活性和ACP活性差异不显著(p<0.05),对照组血清总蛋白含量高于复合替代组,ACP活性添加晶体氨基酸替代组比同一水平不添加的低。肝脏SOD、GST、GSH、AKP、ACP活性对照组显著高于替代组。总之,饲料中棉粕、双低菜粕复合替代鱼粉的比例不高于30%(即饲料中棉粕、双低菜粕复合物的添加量不超过13%)时,生长指标与对照组无显著性差异。饲料中添加赖氨酸硫酸盐、DL-蛋氨酸、晶体苏氨酸对促进对虾生长作用不大。
The studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of replacement of fish meal with cottonseed meal, canola meal and mixture of cottonseed meal and canola meal on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition and non-specific immune response for the Pacific white shrimp. The results can be briefly summarized as follows:
1. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of cottonseed meal for Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.80g shrimp were each fed one of six isonitrogenous (440g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (CM0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Five experimental diets(CM8, CM16, CM24, CM32, CM40)comprised either 34.2,68.4,102.6,136.8or171.0 g kg?1 of the cottonseed meal by replacement of 8,16,24,32,40% of the fish meal in a basal (practical) diet. In general, growth, feed intake and percentage survival were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. The groups of shrimp fed 34.2 g kg?1 of cottonseed meal showed a slight raise in growth parameters compared to shrimp fed the control diet .Increasing replacement level of fish meal protein by cottonseed meal up to 24%, the protein efficiency ratio and phosphorus content in whole body and muscle were significant decreased (P<0.05).The apparent digestibility coefficients of the protein and lipid of shrimp fed 34.2 g kg?1 of cottonseed meal was higher than all other diets. It is concluded that cottonseed meal can replace of 24% of the fish meal protein of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake.
2. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of canola meal for Litopenaeus vannamei. The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.62g shrimp were each fed one of six isonitrogenous (420g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (RM0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Five experimental diets(RM8,RM16, RM24, RM32, RM40)comprised either 38.6,77.2,115.8,154.4or193.0g kg?1 of the canola meal by replacement of 8,16,24,32,40% of the fish meal in RM0. Shrimp that ingested diets comprised 154.4 or 193.0 g kg?1 of the canola meal, respectively, exhibited significant reductions in growth and feed intake relative to those fed RM0. The groups of shrimp fed 39.9g kg?1 of canola meal showed a slight raise in growth parameters compared to shrimp fed the control diet but was not statistically significant.(P<0.05).The apparent digestibility coefficients of the dry matter、protein and lipid of RM0 significantly higher than the other diets. Shrimp that ingested diets comprised 154.4 or 193.0 g kg?1 of the canola meal, respectively exhibited significant reductions the lipid content in hepatopancreas and significant increase the ash content in whole body relative to those fed the basal diet. In general, percentage survival was not significantly affected by dietary treatment. Water stability of the diet pellets was negatively correlated with their levels of canola meal. It is concluded that canola meal can replace of 24% of the fish meal of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake.
3. 8-week feeding trial was undertaken to determine acceptable dietary concentrations of a mixture of Canola meal and Cottonseed meal (1:1 on a crude protein basis, RM-CM) with and without supplemental amino acids for Litopenaeus vannamei.The experiment was carried out in a semiclosed rearing system. There groups of 0.66g shrimp were each fed one of seven isonitrogenous(430g kg?1 protein) to satiation four times daily for eight weeks. A positive control diet (A0) was formulated to contain 30% fish meal. Substitution diets were formulated by replacing 10,20,30% of the fish meal in the A0 with RM-CM and then supplementing with Met, Lys and Thr respectively as needed to maintain concentrations of Met,Lys and Thr equal to those in the A0. In general, growth, protein utilization, feed intake and percentage survival were not significantly affected by dietary treatment. The groups of shrimp fed A0 showed a slight raise in apparent dry matter, protein and lipid digestibility compared to shrimp fed others diet but was not statistically significant. The superoxide dismutas, glutahione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferases activities in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed CD was significantly higher than all other diets. It is concluded that RM-CM can replace of 30% of the fish meal of Litopenaeus vannamei without compromising growth, feed intake and protein utilization.
引文
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