变速风电机组风电场并网的系统电压稳定性研究
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摘要
随着风电装机容量的不断增长以及大容量风电场的不断出现,风力发电对电网的影响越来越大。由于风电机组与传统同步发电机组具有不同的特性以及自然界风速固有的间歇性、随机性,风电并网使电网的有功无功潮流分布、稳定性等都受到了较大的影响。因此,对风电场并网进行研究有着重要而现实的意义。本文主要分析了风电场并网之后对电力系统电压稳定性的影响,其中风电场主要基于两种典型的变速风电机组:基于双馈感应发电机的变速、变桨距控制风电机组和基于永磁同步发电机的变速、变桨距控制风电机组。
(1)基于双馈感应发电机的变速、变桨距控制风电机组。发电机定子直接馈入电网,转子通过部分功率变频器馈入电网,此类变速风电机组通过变频器实现发电机有功、无功功率解耦控制,使风电机组具有变速运行的特性,能够提高风电机组的风能转换效率,实现最大风能捕获并减小风电机组机械部件所受应力;调节改善风电场的功率因数及电压稳定性。
(2)基于同步发电机的变速、变桨距控制风电机组。此类风电机组多采用多极永磁的同步发电机,通过全功率变频器接入交流电网。由于变频器的解耦控制,使得基于同步发电机的变速风电机组与电网完全解耦合,其特性完全取决于变频器的控制系统及控制策略。
本文首先建立了以上两种典型的变速风电机组的数学模型,风力发电机组的建模研究表明,过于简化的模型将使研究结果失真,过于复杂的模型会加大分析难度,因此对建立的完整数学模型进行了简化,得到系统得三阶动态模型。由于控制系统之于变速风电机组的特殊重要作用,本文探讨了变速风电机组的控制系统模型,最终得到一套适合与电压稳定分析的风电机组模型。
考虑到风电机组的地理分布性以及机组型号的差异,本文讨论了对大型的风电场采用集总方法建立其等值模型。仿真结果表明,等值的风电场模型能够很好的替代详细模型以提高效率节省时间。
采用静态分析与动态时域仿真相结合的方法对电力系统电压稳定进行了研究与分析,通过PV曲线首先研究了系统的静态电压稳定,然后分析了在风速扰动和线路故障条件下,包含风电场的电力系统暂态电压稳定,采用静止无功补偿SVC来提高含风电场的电力系统电压稳定。
最后对电压失稳的机理采用分叉理论进行了分析,在一个典型的电力系统建立比通常的常微分方程(ODE)更详细的微分代数系统方程(DAE)模型,用时域仿真方法观察了包含风电场的系统混沌动态过程,含风电场的电力系统从Hopf分叉点到电压崩溃的全过程,其间经历倍周期分叉,其后出现混沌现象,然后遭遇Bluesky分叉,发生边界激变,导致电压在鞍结点之前崩溃。本文用时域仿真方法完整展示了含风电场的电力系统电压崩溃过程,由于系统的电压崩溃源于分叉,因此最后使用SVC消除分叉点的影响,抑制了系统混沌的出现。
With the growing of an installed capacity of wind power, as well as the continual emergence of large scale of wind farm, wind power has more and more influence on the power grid. Wind power has the different characteristic compared with the traditional synchronous generating units. Moreover, the wind speed has the inherent nature of intermittent, random, then, the integration of wind power changes the power flow distribution and the power grid stability. As a result, it's meaningful to investigate wind power integration. This paper focuses on the voltage stability after the large scale of wind farm integration. Two typical wind turbines were chosed to investigated, doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) and direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).
Variable speed and variable pitch wind generating unit based on DFIG, whose rotor was connected to the grid through partial scale frequency converter. The active and reactive power can be decoupled by the frequency converter in this wind generating, which can improve the transformation efficiency, capture the maximum wind energy.
Variable speed and variable pitch wind generating unit based on PMSG, which is multi-pole synchronous generator. The wind generating unit was connected to the grid through full scale frequency converter. The wind generating unit was decoupled by the decoupling controller of frequency converter. Therefore, this characteristic of this generating unit was controlled by the control system of converter.
The mathematical models of two typical variable wind speed wind turbines were established. Too simplification or too cpmplication model were not suitable to study, which had been proved by the current research. So we used the three-order model after simplifying the complete wind turbine model. We analyzed the model of control system since it is significant for the whole wind generating unit.
In the meanwhile, the aggregated wind farm model was established after considering of the distribution of wind turbines, the equivalent wind farm model can represent the whole wind farm through the simulation results.
In this paper, static analysis and dynamic time domain simulation were used to power grid voltage stability after wind farm integration. The PV curve was used to analyze static voltage stability, while time domain simulation was used to transient voltage stability under the wind speed disturbance and line trip. The static reactive power compensation (SVC) was added to improve the system stability after windfarm integration.
Finally, the mechanism of voltage stability after wind farm integration was analyzed in detail. Based on the differential-Algebraic Equation (DAE) model of power system with wind farm, the chaotic behavior was observed through time domain simulation. The complete dynamic behavior includes period doubling bifurcation (PDB), chaotic motion and Bluesky bifurcation (boundary crisis), which gives rise to the voltage collapse before the saddle node bifurcation. We used the SVC to remove the Hopf. Bifurcation and restrict the chaotic since the oscillation instability due to Hopf. bifurcation.
(1)基于双馈感应发电机的变速、变桨距控制风电机组。发电机定子直接馈入电网,转子通过部分功率变频器馈入电网,此类变速风电机组通过变频器实现发电机有功、无功功率解耦控制,使风电机组具有变速运行的特性,能够提高风电机组的风能转换效率,实现最大风能捕获并减小风电机组机械部件所受应力;调节改善风电场的功率因数及电压稳定性。
(2)基于同步发电机的变速、变桨距控制风电机组。此类风电机组多采用多极永磁的同步发电机,通过全功率变频器接入交流电网。由于变频器的解耦控制,使得基于同步发电机的变速风电机组与电网完全解耦合,其特性完全取决于变频器的控制系统及控制策略。
本文首先建立了以上两种典型的变速风电机组的数学模型,风力发电机组的建模研究表明,过于简化的模型将使研究结果失真,过于复杂的模型会加大分析难度,因此对建立的完整数学模型进行了简化,得到系统得三阶动态模型。由于控制系统之于变速风电机组的特殊重要作用,本文探讨了变速风电机组的控制系统模型,最终得到一套适合与电压稳定分析的风电机组模型。
考虑到风电机组的地理分布性以及机组型号的差异,本文讨论了对大型的风电场采用集总方法建立其等值模型。仿真结果表明,等值的风电场模型能够很好的替代详细模型以提高效率节省时间。
采用静态分析与动态时域仿真相结合的方法对电力系统电压稳定进行了研究与分析,通过PV曲线首先研究了系统的静态电压稳定,然后分析了在风速扰动和线路故障条件下,包含风电场的电力系统暂态电压稳定,采用静止无功补偿SVC来提高含风电场的电力系统电压稳定。
最后对电压失稳的机理采用分叉理论进行了分析,在一个典型的电力系统建立比通常的常微分方程(ODE)更详细的微分代数系统方程(DAE)模型,用时域仿真方法观察了包含风电场的系统混沌动态过程,含风电场的电力系统从Hopf分叉点到电压崩溃的全过程,其间经历倍周期分叉,其后出现混沌现象,然后遭遇Bluesky分叉,发生边界激变,导致电压在鞍结点之前崩溃。本文用时域仿真方法完整展示了含风电场的电力系统电压崩溃过程,由于系统的电压崩溃源于分叉,因此最后使用SVC消除分叉点的影响,抑制了系统混沌的出现。
With the growing of an installed capacity of wind power, as well as the continual emergence of large scale of wind farm, wind power has more and more influence on the power grid. Wind power has the different characteristic compared with the traditional synchronous generating units. Moreover, the wind speed has the inherent nature of intermittent, random, then, the integration of wind power changes the power flow distribution and the power grid stability. As a result, it's meaningful to investigate wind power integration. This paper focuses on the voltage stability after the large scale of wind farm integration. Two typical wind turbines were chosed to investigated, doubly fed induction generation (DFIG) and direct drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG).
Variable speed and variable pitch wind generating unit based on DFIG, whose rotor was connected to the grid through partial scale frequency converter. The active and reactive power can be decoupled by the frequency converter in this wind generating, which can improve the transformation efficiency, capture the maximum wind energy.
Variable speed and variable pitch wind generating unit based on PMSG, which is multi-pole synchronous generator. The wind generating unit was connected to the grid through full scale frequency converter. The wind generating unit was decoupled by the decoupling controller of frequency converter. Therefore, this characteristic of this generating unit was controlled by the control system of converter.
The mathematical models of two typical variable wind speed wind turbines were established. Too simplification or too cpmplication model were not suitable to study, which had been proved by the current research. So we used the three-order model after simplifying the complete wind turbine model. We analyzed the model of control system since it is significant for the whole wind generating unit.
In the meanwhile, the aggregated wind farm model was established after considering of the distribution of wind turbines, the equivalent wind farm model can represent the whole wind farm through the simulation results.
In this paper, static analysis and dynamic time domain simulation were used to power grid voltage stability after wind farm integration. The PV curve was used to analyze static voltage stability, while time domain simulation was used to transient voltage stability under the wind speed disturbance and line trip. The static reactive power compensation (SVC) was added to improve the system stability after windfarm integration.
Finally, the mechanism of voltage stability after wind farm integration was analyzed in detail. Based on the differential-Algebraic Equation (DAE) model of power system with wind farm, the chaotic behavior was observed through time domain simulation. The complete dynamic behavior includes period doubling bifurcation (PDB), chaotic motion and Bluesky bifurcation (boundary crisis), which gives rise to the voltage collapse before the saddle node bifurcation. We used the SVC to remove the Hopf. Bifurcation and restrict the chaotic since the oscillation instability due to Hopf. bifurcation.
引文
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