农村基础设施投资效果评价
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摘要
农村基础设施是为农村经济、社会、文化发展及农民生活提供公共服务的各种要素的总和,是农村经济、社会、文化发展及农民生活必不可少的基础性条件。党的十六大以来,党中央已经先后陆续出台了减免农业税等一系列积极的惠农政策,一些地方也采取了一些诸如村村通电、村村通公路、村村通电话等措施,个别地方制定了新农村建设的目标和规划,为改善农村基础设施建设起到了积极作用。
然而,尽管我国农村基础设施建设取得了举世公认的成就,但是仍然与农村经济发展的客观要求不相适应。与发达国家和部分新兴工业化国家的发展速度和发展进程相比,还存在明显的差距。存在的问题主要有农村基础设施投资仍然不足,投资到农村基础设施的资金被挪用,农村基础设施投资项目的不合理造成浪费,农村基础设施投资建成后无人维护和治理等问题。究其原因主要有以下:农村基础设施投入政策缺乏连续性、投入总体不足;农村基础设施建设缺乏整体长远规划和系统管理;农村基础设施资金投入缺少相应的法律和制度保障;农村基础设施投入过程中各部门权责划分不明确;农村基础设施建设缺乏相应的管理和监督机制;农村基础设施建设缺少效率评价和效能监管。
认真总结我国农村基础设施建设中的经验教训,切实解决存在的问题,对今后我国农村基础设施的持续、快速发展具有重要意义。本文将采用多层次综合评价法,以采集到的农村基础设施投资的各项数据作为实证,对影响农村基础设施投资效率的外生因素进行系统分析,得出各种外生因素对于农村基础设施投资效率的影响关系,进而检验农村基础设施投入的效果如何。本文在分析我国农村基础设施投资与经营管理中存在的问题的基础上,运用规范和实证的研究方法,提出了农村基础设施投资与经营管理的相关政策建议。
全文共分七个部分:第一部分是背景介绍和问题提出。并列举部分国内外的相关研究;第二部分着重分析了农村基础设施的概念、特征;第三部分列举农村基础设施投入的现状认为当前我国农村基础设施投资仍然不足,存在着投资到农村基础设施的资金被挪用,农村基础设施投资项目的不合理,农村基础设施投资建成后无人维护和治理等问题。第四部分应用模糊综合评价法对农村基础设施的投入效果进行定量和定性评价。得出农村基础设施投入中在进行新农村建设中效果不佳的方面。认为农村基础设施投资的经济效果方面最为明显,其中农民增收方面还有待改进。其次是社会效果方面,增强农村抗自然灾害能力方面、提高农民文化程度方面以及加大公平分配方面还需进一步提高,农村医疗保障方面则做的不好,尤其要加强改进。农村基础设施投入的政治效果相对一般。农村基础设施投入的环境效果相对最差,要发展循环经济、绿色经济,实现可持续发展还需要下大努力。第五部分对于农村基础设施投入效果不佳的现状进行分析。在第六部分中,作者基于对农村基础设施投入存在的问题的分析提出积极的改进建议。
加强农村基础设施建设是一项长期而繁重的历史任务。开展农村基础设施建设,必须顺应农村经济社会发展趋势,加大对农村基础设施的财政投入力度,改革财政资金的投入方式,实现稳步增长。必须坚持规划先行,制定好合适的农村发展战略,合理定位目标,充分发挥规划的统筹指导作用。在加大对农村基础设施的财政投入力度的同时,还必须建立职能有机统一的大部门体制,完善制度监督机制,同时要建立起联合维护的保障机制,建好、管好、用好基础设施。努力营造一个政策扶持、舆论引导、制度保障、农民为主、和谐发展的环境,推动农村基础设施建设向纵深发展。
Rural infrastructure is the sum of various elements that providing public services such as social development、cultural development and the life of the peasants the for rural economic, and rural infrastructure is an essential foundation for social development、cultural development and the farmers living conditions. Since the 16th CPC Congress, the CPC Central Committee has successively adopted a series of positive relief and other tax benefits agricultural policies, some areas have also taken a number of measures such as every village covered by roads, telephone and electricity power, and some other areas draw up new goals and plans for building of new rural area, which played a positive role in improving rural infrastructure.
However, despite the construction of infrastructure in rural areas has made universally acknowledged achievements, it is still can not accommodate the objective requirements of the development of the rural economy. And There is still a significant gap when compared with the developed countries and newly industrialized countries of the pace of development and the development process. The main problems are the investment in infrastructure in the rural areas is still insufficient, the funds invested in rural infrastructure have been misappropriated, unreasonable investment of rural infrastructure projects result in wastage, lack of maintenance and governance after the completion of rural infrastructure investment, and other issues. The mainly reasons are: rural infrastructure lack of continuity in policy and the input isn't enough overall; rural infrastructure construction lack of long-term planning and systems management; rural infrastructure investment lack of correspond legal and institutional safeguards; The delineation of responsibilities is not clear in the course of rural infrastructure investment; rural infrastructure construction lack of appropriate management mechanisms and oversight mechanisms; rural infrastructure construction lack of the efficiency evaluation and efficacy supervision.
Sum up the experience and lesson of China's rural infrastructure construction, and solve the existing problems earnestly, which have a great significance to the future of China's rural infrastructure sustained and rapid development. This paper will adopt a multi-level comprehensive evaluation method, empirically on the basis of the collected data of rural infrastructure investment, to take systems analysis of exogenous factors which have impact on the efficiency of rural infrastructure investment, concluded the affect relations of the exogenous factors to investment efficiency for rural infrastructure, further inspect the results of rural infrastructure investment. This text based on the analysis of our rural infrastructure investment and management of the existing problems, on the basis of use of empirical and norms research methods, propose the relevant policy recommendations of operation and management and investment in rural infrastructure.
This text is divided into seven parts: the first part is about the background information、the raise of issues and listed some of the research at home and abroad; the second part focuses on the concept and characteristic of rural infrastructure, the third part listed the current status of rural infrastructure investment in our country, concluded that the investment in infrastructure in rural areas is still insufficient, there are problems such as the misappropriated of investment to rural infrastructure funds, the irrationality of rural infrastructure investment projects, no maintenance and governance after the completion of rural infrastructure investment, and other issues. The forth part take fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the rural infrastructure investment effects, and which is take quantitative and qualitative evaluation. It concluded the poor results of investment on rural infrastructure facilities in the new construction in rural areas. The fifth part is of an analysis of the status about the rural poor infrastructure input effect. In the sixth part, the author bring forward the positive improvement proposes on the based of the analysis of existing problems in the investment of infrastructure facilities in rural areas.
It is a long-term and arduous historical mission to strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure. In the building of rural infrastructure, rural economy must conform to the trend of social development, insist on planning ahead, making a appropriate rural development strategy, positioning reasonable goals, and give full play to the co-ordination guidance of planning. Increase in the financial input of rural infrastructure, at the meantime, we must also establish a functionally unified sector system, perfect the oversight mechanisms system, and to establish joint maintenance of security mechanism, construct and management good, and making good use of infrastructure. And striving to create a policy support, public opinion guidance, institution protect, attach much importance on peasants and harmoniously development environment, to promote the construction of agricultural infrastructure to develop in depth.
然而,尽管我国农村基础设施建设取得了举世公认的成就,但是仍然与农村经济发展的客观要求不相适应。与发达国家和部分新兴工业化国家的发展速度和发展进程相比,还存在明显的差距。存在的问题主要有农村基础设施投资仍然不足,投资到农村基础设施的资金被挪用,农村基础设施投资项目的不合理造成浪费,农村基础设施投资建成后无人维护和治理等问题。究其原因主要有以下:农村基础设施投入政策缺乏连续性、投入总体不足;农村基础设施建设缺乏整体长远规划和系统管理;农村基础设施资金投入缺少相应的法律和制度保障;农村基础设施投入过程中各部门权责划分不明确;农村基础设施建设缺乏相应的管理和监督机制;农村基础设施建设缺少效率评价和效能监管。
认真总结我国农村基础设施建设中的经验教训,切实解决存在的问题,对今后我国农村基础设施的持续、快速发展具有重要意义。本文将采用多层次综合评价法,以采集到的农村基础设施投资的各项数据作为实证,对影响农村基础设施投资效率的外生因素进行系统分析,得出各种外生因素对于农村基础设施投资效率的影响关系,进而检验农村基础设施投入的效果如何。本文在分析我国农村基础设施投资与经营管理中存在的问题的基础上,运用规范和实证的研究方法,提出了农村基础设施投资与经营管理的相关政策建议。
全文共分七个部分:第一部分是背景介绍和问题提出。并列举部分国内外的相关研究;第二部分着重分析了农村基础设施的概念、特征;第三部分列举农村基础设施投入的现状认为当前我国农村基础设施投资仍然不足,存在着投资到农村基础设施的资金被挪用,农村基础设施投资项目的不合理,农村基础设施投资建成后无人维护和治理等问题。第四部分应用模糊综合评价法对农村基础设施的投入效果进行定量和定性评价。得出农村基础设施投入中在进行新农村建设中效果不佳的方面。认为农村基础设施投资的经济效果方面最为明显,其中农民增收方面还有待改进。其次是社会效果方面,增强农村抗自然灾害能力方面、提高农民文化程度方面以及加大公平分配方面还需进一步提高,农村医疗保障方面则做的不好,尤其要加强改进。农村基础设施投入的政治效果相对一般。农村基础设施投入的环境效果相对最差,要发展循环经济、绿色经济,实现可持续发展还需要下大努力。第五部分对于农村基础设施投入效果不佳的现状进行分析。在第六部分中,作者基于对农村基础设施投入存在的问题的分析提出积极的改进建议。
加强农村基础设施建设是一项长期而繁重的历史任务。开展农村基础设施建设,必须顺应农村经济社会发展趋势,加大对农村基础设施的财政投入力度,改革财政资金的投入方式,实现稳步增长。必须坚持规划先行,制定好合适的农村发展战略,合理定位目标,充分发挥规划的统筹指导作用。在加大对农村基础设施的财政投入力度的同时,还必须建立职能有机统一的大部门体制,完善制度监督机制,同时要建立起联合维护的保障机制,建好、管好、用好基础设施。努力营造一个政策扶持、舆论引导、制度保障、农民为主、和谐发展的环境,推动农村基础设施建设向纵深发展。
Rural infrastructure is the sum of various elements that providing public services such as social development、cultural development and the life of the peasants the for rural economic, and rural infrastructure is an essential foundation for social development、cultural development and the farmers living conditions. Since the 16th CPC Congress, the CPC Central Committee has successively adopted a series of positive relief and other tax benefits agricultural policies, some areas have also taken a number of measures such as every village covered by roads, telephone and electricity power, and some other areas draw up new goals and plans for building of new rural area, which played a positive role in improving rural infrastructure.
However, despite the construction of infrastructure in rural areas has made universally acknowledged achievements, it is still can not accommodate the objective requirements of the development of the rural economy. And There is still a significant gap when compared with the developed countries and newly industrialized countries of the pace of development and the development process. The main problems are the investment in infrastructure in the rural areas is still insufficient, the funds invested in rural infrastructure have been misappropriated, unreasonable investment of rural infrastructure projects result in wastage, lack of maintenance and governance after the completion of rural infrastructure investment, and other issues. The mainly reasons are: rural infrastructure lack of continuity in policy and the input isn't enough overall; rural infrastructure construction lack of long-term planning and systems management; rural infrastructure investment lack of correspond legal and institutional safeguards; The delineation of responsibilities is not clear in the course of rural infrastructure investment; rural infrastructure construction lack of appropriate management mechanisms and oversight mechanisms; rural infrastructure construction lack of the efficiency evaluation and efficacy supervision.
Sum up the experience and lesson of China's rural infrastructure construction, and solve the existing problems earnestly, which have a great significance to the future of China's rural infrastructure sustained and rapid development. This paper will adopt a multi-level comprehensive evaluation method, empirically on the basis of the collected data of rural infrastructure investment, to take systems analysis of exogenous factors which have impact on the efficiency of rural infrastructure investment, concluded the affect relations of the exogenous factors to investment efficiency for rural infrastructure, further inspect the results of rural infrastructure investment. This text based on the analysis of our rural infrastructure investment and management of the existing problems, on the basis of use of empirical and norms research methods, propose the relevant policy recommendations of operation and management and investment in rural infrastructure.
This text is divided into seven parts: the first part is about the background information、the raise of issues and listed some of the research at home and abroad; the second part focuses on the concept and characteristic of rural infrastructure, the third part listed the current status of rural infrastructure investment in our country, concluded that the investment in infrastructure in rural areas is still insufficient, there are problems such as the misappropriated of investment to rural infrastructure funds, the irrationality of rural infrastructure investment projects, no maintenance and governance after the completion of rural infrastructure investment, and other issues. The forth part take fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of the rural infrastructure investment effects, and which is take quantitative and qualitative evaluation. It concluded the poor results of investment on rural infrastructure facilities in the new construction in rural areas. The fifth part is of an analysis of the status about the rural poor infrastructure input effect. In the sixth part, the author bring forward the positive improvement proposes on the based of the analysis of existing problems in the investment of infrastructure facilities in rural areas.
It is a long-term and arduous historical mission to strengthen the construction of rural infrastructure. In the building of rural infrastructure, rural economy must conform to the trend of social development, insist on planning ahead, making a appropriate rural development strategy, positioning reasonable goals, and give full play to the co-ordination guidance of planning. Increase in the financial input of rural infrastructure, at the meantime, we must also establish a functionally unified sector system, perfect the oversight mechanisms system, and to establish joint maintenance of security mechanism, construct and management good, and making good use of infrastructure. And striving to create a policy support, public opinion guidance, institution protect, attach much importance on peasants and harmoniously development environment, to promote the construction of agricultural infrastructure to develop in depth.
引文
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[3]罗森斯坦·罗丹.大推进理论笔记[M].圣马丁出版社,1966(P56-57).
[4]罗斯托.从起飞进入持续增长的经济学[M].成都:四川人民出版社,1988.
[5]艾伯特·赫希曼.经济发展战略[M].北京:经济科学出版社,1991.
[6]世界银行.1994世界发展报告[R].北京:中国财政经济出版社,1994-12-01.
[7]Aschauer,D.A.Is Public Expenditure Productive[J].Journal of Monetary Economics.1989,23:177-200.
[8]Laks.sham and Enhance.Impacts of Infrastructure to Economic Development[M].Presented at the annual workshop of the building sector,Boston,MA.1984.
[9]Sah.Queues,Ration and market[M].American Economic Review.1987,77(1):69-77.
[10]Hard1987y.A.,H.Hudson.The Role of the Telephone in Economic Development:an Empirical Analysis[M].ITU-OECD,1981.
[11]Querioz,Cesar and Surhid Cautam.Road infrastructure and economic development:some diagnostic indicators.Policy Research Working Paper WPS 921[R].World Bank,1992.
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