安阳市无公害农产品现状与发展对策研究
摘要
安阳市位于河南省最北部,全市总人口531万人,其中农业人口423万人,总耕地面积598万亩,农民人均1.4亩,是一个典型的农业大市。近年来,安阳市农业和农村经济取得了巨大的发展,但也遇到了一些深层次的矛盾和问题,如农民增收缓慢,农业结构不尽合理,农产品质量普遍较低,市场竞争力不强等。这些问题严重制约了安阳市农业和农村经济的快速发展。根据国内外的实践经验,发展无公害事业是解决这些问题,加快农业和农村经济发展的一条重要途径。
本文采用文献收集、分类归纳、对比分析和实证研究的方法,采取统计分析与典型调查相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的手段,以安阳市实施“无公害食品行动计划”为背景,通过对安阳市无公害农产品生产认识情况,产地环境现状,农业投入品现状,无公害生产技术体系现状,农产品市场准入现状等方面的调查,分析了安阳市无公害农产品还存在的问题是,生产者认识不到位,监管力度不够,农业标准体系不完善,标识宣传力度和投入相对不足,技术推广体系有待进一步加强,市场准入机制尚不健全等问题,并提出如下发展对策:
1.强化配套设施,加强无公害农产品制度建设。建立实施农产品质量安全可追溯制度加强农产品质量安全例行监测制度,推行农产品质量安全产地准出和市场准入制度;
2.正确引导,不断完善相关法律法规建设。学习借鉴外国的先进经验,注重总结自身优点与长处;
3.加强农业标准化建设,提高技术水平;
4.严格把关,加大监测力度。
The quality and safety of agricultural products between the public health, but also for the development of agricultural trade and peasant incomes and building new socialist rural areas is of great significance. In this paper, in light of China's current implementation of the "pollution-free food action plan" to the implementation of Anyang City, "pollution-free food action plan" for the background, through research Anyang City development of pollution-free agricultural products and the existing problems and proposed to develop strategies and pollution-free agricultural products recommendations from the fundamental solution to the quality and safety of agricultural products in Anyang City, the city agriculture and the rural economy healthy, sustained and rapid development.
The literature in this collection, classification and induction, comparative analysis and empirical research methods, statistical analysis and to survey the typical combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the means of Anyang City understanding of pollution-free agricultural products, origin state of the environment, agriculture input current situation, the status quo system of safe production technology, agricultural market access in areas such as the status quo survey, the findings show that, Anyang City pollution-free agricultural products still do not know the producers in place, insufficient supervision of the agricultural standard system is imperfect, logo publicity and the intensity of a relative shortage of inputs, technical extension system to be progressive, market access mechanism is not sound, and other issues. Development and put forward the following measures:
1. Enhanced facilities, and step up the building of pollution-free agricultural system. Setting up and implementing the quality and safety of agricultural products can be traced back to the quality and safety system for agricultural products to strengthen routine monitoring system, the implementation of quality and safety of agricultural products and the origin permitted to market access system;
2. Correct guidance, and constantly improve the relevant laws and regulations. Learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries and pay attention to summing up its own advantages and strengths;
3. Strengthen the construction of agricultural standardization, raising the technological level;
4. Strict checks, increase the intensity of monitoring.
本文采用文献收集、分类归纳、对比分析和实证研究的方法,采取统计分析与典型调查相结合、定性分析与定量分析相结合的手段,以安阳市实施“无公害食品行动计划”为背景,通过对安阳市无公害农产品生产认识情况,产地环境现状,农业投入品现状,无公害生产技术体系现状,农产品市场准入现状等方面的调查,分析了安阳市无公害农产品还存在的问题是,生产者认识不到位,监管力度不够,农业标准体系不完善,标识宣传力度和投入相对不足,技术推广体系有待进一步加强,市场准入机制尚不健全等问题,并提出如下发展对策:
1.强化配套设施,加强无公害农产品制度建设。建立实施农产品质量安全可追溯制度加强农产品质量安全例行监测制度,推行农产品质量安全产地准出和市场准入制度;
2.正确引导,不断完善相关法律法规建设。学习借鉴外国的先进经验,注重总结自身优点与长处;
3.加强农业标准化建设,提高技术水平;
4.严格把关,加大监测力度。
The quality and safety of agricultural products between the public health, but also for the development of agricultural trade and peasant incomes and building new socialist rural areas is of great significance. In this paper, in light of China's current implementation of the "pollution-free food action plan" to the implementation of Anyang City, "pollution-free food action plan" for the background, through research Anyang City development of pollution-free agricultural products and the existing problems and proposed to develop strategies and pollution-free agricultural products recommendations from the fundamental solution to the quality and safety of agricultural products in Anyang City, the city agriculture and the rural economy healthy, sustained and rapid development.
The literature in this collection, classification and induction, comparative analysis and empirical research methods, statistical analysis and to survey the typical combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis of the means of Anyang City understanding of pollution-free agricultural products, origin state of the environment, agriculture input current situation, the status quo system of safe production technology, agricultural market access in areas such as the status quo survey, the findings show that, Anyang City pollution-free agricultural products still do not know the producers in place, insufficient supervision of the agricultural standard system is imperfect, logo publicity and the intensity of a relative shortage of inputs, technical extension system to be progressive, market access mechanism is not sound, and other issues. Development and put forward the following measures:
1. Enhanced facilities, and step up the building of pollution-free agricultural system. Setting up and implementing the quality and safety of agricultural products can be traced back to the quality and safety system for agricultural products to strengthen routine monitoring system, the implementation of quality and safety of agricultural products and the origin permitted to market access system;
2. Correct guidance, and constantly improve the relevant laws and regulations. Learn from the advanced experience of foreign countries and pay attention to summing up its own advantages and strengths;
3. Strengthen the construction of agricultural standardization, raising the technological level;
4. Strict checks, increase the intensity of monitoring.
引文
[1]谢碧霞,杜红岩编.绿色食品开发利用[M].北京:中国中医药出版社.2003
[2]杜相革,王慧敏编.有机农业概论[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社.2001,8
[3]World Commission on Environment and Development, WCED,Our Common Future,1987
[4]车生泉.持续农业的生态学理论体系[J].论坛,2000
[5]黄国勤.论农业生态学及其发展趋势[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,10:656
[6]孙鸿良.生态农业的理论与方法[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社.1993,10:1～3
[7]雷扬.世界绿色食品发展现状和趋势[J],中国食物与营养, 2002.5, pp62~63
[8]李生、李迎宾.国外农产品质量安全管理制度概况[J],世界农业,2003.6,pp32~34
[9] International Trade Centre, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/World Trade Organization. Organic Food and Beverages: World Supply and Major European Markets, Geneva:International Trade Centre,1999
[10]林祥全.世界有机农业七大发展趋势[J],世界农业,2003.9,pp17~21
[11] International Trade Centre, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/World Trade Organization. Organic Food and Beverages: World Supply and Major European Markets, Geneva:International Trade Centre,1999
[12]程兵,德国的有机食品市场[J]。云南农业,2004(7):30-30。
[13]张志恒,吴电,意大利的有机食品产业[J]。世界农业,2002(8):33-35
[14]李秋洪,姜达炳.无公害农产品基地环境质量评价指标体系与评价方法[J].农业环境与发展.1998,57(3):13～15
[15]中国绿色食品发展中心编.绿色食品产地环境质量现状评价纲要(试行).1994
[16]周鸣诤.土壤肥力学概论.浙江科学技术出版社.1985,5～8
[17]滕文星,刘学玲等.施肥方法与土壤肥力[J].农业与技术.2001,25(5)
[18]中华人民共和国农业部编制《绿色食品产地环境质量标准》(NY/T391-2000).2000
[19]中华人们共和国《大气环境质量标准》(GB3095-82).1980
[20]中华人们共和国《保护农作物的大气污染物最高允许浓度》(GB9187-88).1988
[21]刘冠生,王学真.农业标准化推广研究[M].北京:中国财政出版社.2004,3:164～176)
[22]中华人民共和国《无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件》(NY5010-2001).2001
[23]赵萍,胡友彪,桂和荣.基于GIS技术的城市大气环境质量评价—以淮南市为例[J].环境科学与技术.2002,25(4):21～23
[24]谈建国,陆贤,杨星卫.GIS在上海蔬菜生产资源评价与合理布局中的应用,应用气象学报.1999(2):114～115
[25]尹君.基于GIS绿色食品基地土壤环境质量评价方法研究[J].农业环境保护.2001,20(6):446～448
[26]蔡崇发,丁树文,史志华等.GIS支持下乡镇域土壤肥力评价与分析[J].土壤与环境.2000,9(2):99～102
[27]梁耀开编.环境评价与管理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社.2001
[28]陈旭华,黑龙江环境通报,2004年第28卷第1期79-81
[29]宫瑞杰等,赤峰市无公害农产品生产现状及其前景,内蒙古农业科技,2003(S2):6-8。
[30]曲天娥.略论农业结构战略性调整的制约因素及对策.莱阳农学院学报,2003,152(6):66-69.
[31]黄勇刚,关于引导无公害农产品生产的思考,中国食物与营养,2005年第6期:62-64
[32]孙航,哈尔滨市无公害农产品生产管理经验,农业环境与发展,2001年第4期:20-22
[33]温家宝.全国农业结构调整经验交流会讲活.2001.09.14.
[34]陈钰,发展无公害农产品的实践与研究,中国食物与营养,2005年第10期,61-62。
[35]林志勇,台湾有机农产品发展及启示,台湾农业探索,2001(1)31-32。[36范小建.大力提高农产品质量安全水平和市场竞争力[N],农民日报,2003.6.11,第一版
[2]杜相革,王慧敏编.有机农业概论[M].北京:中国农业大学出版社.2001,8
[3]World Commission on Environment and Development, WCED,Our Common Future,1987
[4]车生泉.持续农业的生态学理论体系[J].论坛,2000
[5]黄国勤.论农业生态学及其发展趋势[J].江西农业大学学报(自然科学版),2002,10:656
[6]孙鸿良.生态农业的理论与方法[M].济南:山东科学技术出版社.1993,10:1～3
[7]雷扬.世界绿色食品发展现状和趋势[J],中国食物与营养, 2002.5, pp62~63
[8]李生、李迎宾.国外农产品质量安全管理制度概况[J],世界农业,2003.6,pp32~34
[9] International Trade Centre, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/World Trade Organization. Organic Food and Beverages: World Supply and Major European Markets, Geneva:International Trade Centre,1999
[10]林祥全.世界有机农业七大发展趋势[J],世界农业,2003.9,pp17~21
[11] International Trade Centre, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development/World Trade Organization. Organic Food and Beverages: World Supply and Major European Markets, Geneva:International Trade Centre,1999
[12]程兵,德国的有机食品市场[J]。云南农业,2004(7):30-30。
[13]张志恒,吴电,意大利的有机食品产业[J]。世界农业,2002(8):33-35
[14]李秋洪,姜达炳.无公害农产品基地环境质量评价指标体系与评价方法[J].农业环境与发展.1998,57(3):13～15
[15]中国绿色食品发展中心编.绿色食品产地环境质量现状评价纲要(试行).1994
[16]周鸣诤.土壤肥力学概论.浙江科学技术出版社.1985,5～8
[17]滕文星,刘学玲等.施肥方法与土壤肥力[J].农业与技术.2001,25(5)
[18]中华人民共和国农业部编制《绿色食品产地环境质量标准》(NY/T391-2000).2000
[19]中华人们共和国《大气环境质量标准》(GB3095-82).1980
[20]中华人们共和国《保护农作物的大气污染物最高允许浓度》(GB9187-88).1988
[21]刘冠生,王学真.农业标准化推广研究[M].北京:中国财政出版社.2004,3:164～176)
[22]中华人民共和国《无公害食品蔬菜产地环境条件》(NY5010-2001).2001
[23]赵萍,胡友彪,桂和荣.基于GIS技术的城市大气环境质量评价—以淮南市为例[J].环境科学与技术.2002,25(4):21～23
[24]谈建国,陆贤,杨星卫.GIS在上海蔬菜生产资源评价与合理布局中的应用,应用气象学报.1999(2):114～115
[25]尹君.基于GIS绿色食品基地土壤环境质量评价方法研究[J].农业环境保护.2001,20(6):446～448
[26]蔡崇发,丁树文,史志华等.GIS支持下乡镇域土壤肥力评价与分析[J].土壤与环境.2000,9(2):99～102
[27]梁耀开编.环境评价与管理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社.2001
[28]陈旭华,黑龙江环境通报,2004年第28卷第1期79-81
[29]宫瑞杰等,赤峰市无公害农产品生产现状及其前景,内蒙古农业科技,2003(S2):6-8。
[30]曲天娥.略论农业结构战略性调整的制约因素及对策.莱阳农学院学报,2003,152(6):66-69.
[31]黄勇刚,关于引导无公害农产品生产的思考,中国食物与营养,2005年第6期:62-64
[32]孙航,哈尔滨市无公害农产品生产管理经验,农业环境与发展,2001年第4期:20-22
[33]温家宝.全国农业结构调整经验交流会讲活.2001.09.14.
[34]陈钰,发展无公害农产品的实践与研究,中国食物与营养,2005年第10期,61-62。
[35]林志勇,台湾有机农产品发展及启示,台湾农业探索,2001(1)31-32。[36范小建.大力提高农产品质量安全水平和市场竞争力[N],农民日报,2003.6.11,第一版