硫对设施水培大蒜生理生化特性及品质的影响
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摘要
本研究旨在设施水培条件下,探究硫对大蒜生理生化特性、鳞茎和蒜薹鲜重及品质的影响,以便为大蒜合理施用硫肥提供参考。试验采用二个类型品种‘金乡白皮蒜’和‘金乡紫皮蒜’,在Hoagland营养液基础上,设6个硫处理浓度梯度(0mmol·l~-1、0.75mmol·l~-1、1.50mmol·l~-1、2.25mmol·l~-1、3.00mmol·l~-1、3.75mmol·l~-1),以深液流循环水培(DFT),研究硫对大蒜生物学特性、光合特性、鲜重和品质、以及对全氮、全磷、全钾和硫含量的影响。
主要结论如下:
1.适当提高营养液中硫的处理浓度,可显著提高金乡紫皮蒜和白皮蒜的株高、假茎粗、叶鞘长和叶面积,为后期花薹伸长及鳞茎分化、膨大制造和储藏更多的光合产物。当营养液硫处理浓度超过2.25mmol·l~-1时,不利于上述指标的提高。2.25mmol·l~-1时根系活力最高。
2.在0~2.25mmol·l~-1范围内,大蒜功能叶片的叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素含量随营养液中硫处理浓度的增加呈上升趋势,至2.25mmol·l~-1时含量最大。叶片的光合速率在2.25mmol·l~-1硫处理浓度下最大,大蒜进入旺盛生长期处理间差异更加显著。POD、CAT、NR活性在1.50mmol·l~-1时最高,低于此浓度随营养液硫浓度增加而增加,高于此浓度则下降;SOD活性和叶片可溶性蛋白含量在2.25mmol·l~-1时最高。
3.硫对大蒜鲜重具有促进作用。一方面,硫增加了蒜头横径、降低大蒜二次生长指数;另一方面,增加了鲜重。紫皮蒜鳞茎鲜重增加32.82%~67.34%;白皮蒜鳞茎鲜重增幅为16.90%~51.10%。蒜薹方面,紫皮蒜蒜薹鲜重增加72.46%~141.86%;白皮蒜蒜薹鲜重增加了48.75% ~108.42%。各硫处理之间均以2.25mmol·l~-1处理最好,但是随着营养液硫浓度的增加,增加效果逐渐减小。
4.硫对两品种大蒜鳞茎和蒜薹的营养品质均产生显著影响,且变化趋势一致。鳞茎和蒜薹中大蒜素、可溶性糖、维生素C、游离氨基酸的含量均以硫处理浓度2.25 mmol·l~-1时最高,而鳞茎可溶性蛋白质含量却随着营养液硫浓度的增加而升高,呈直线上升趋势。紫皮蒜和白皮蒜蒜薹中蛋白质含量以1.50mmol·l~-1硫处理浓度最高,分别比不施硫处理增加64.79%、63.81%。从而提高大蒜的营养价值。
5.适当提高营养液中硫的处理浓度,对鳞茎和蒜薹中全氮、全磷、全钾和硫的吸收、积累均具有促进作用。在0~3.75mmol·l~-1范围内,硫对氮、硫的吸收和积累具促进作用,呈正相关。与磷、钾元素之间的关系:在一定浓度范围内,硫可促进对磷、钾的吸收,过高则又抑制,对它们的吸收以2.25mmol·l~-1处理浓度最高,说明适当施硫有利于改善大蒜对主要矿质元素的吸收。试验结果显示:营养液硫处理浓度为2.25mmol·l~-1最好。
Effects of different sulfur concentrations on physiological and biochemical characteristics, fresh weight and qualities of garlic were studied by nutrient solution. Two cultivars: JinXiang Violet Garlic and JinXiang White Garlic were tested in this research, based on Hoagland nutrient solution, six sulfur concentrations (0mmol·l-1, 0.75mmol·l-1, 1.50mmol·l-1, 2.25mmol·l-1, 3.00mmol·l-1, 3.75mmol·l-1) was treated to study the effects of sulfur on biology characteristic, photosynthesis, fresh weight and quality, contents of total N, total P, total K and S of garlic.
The main results were as follows:
1. The proper sulfur concentration in nutrient solution could raise the height, pseudostem diameter, the leaf sheath length and leaf area of JinXiang Violet Garlic and JinXiang White Garlic, which manufactured and stored more photosynthates for the late bolt elongation and bulb division, expansion. When sulfur concentration in nutrient solution more than 2.25mmol·l-1 was not conducive to the improvement of the above-mentioned indicators. Root activity was the highest, when sulfur concentration was 2.25mmol·l-1.
2. At a certain concentration range of sulfur concentration (0~2.25mmol·l-1), the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of garlic functional leaf increased gradually, when the concentrations of sulfur was higher than 2.25mmol·l-1, they declined. Leaf photosynthetic rate was the highest at 2.25mmol·l-1, in particular, into its fast growth period. When sulfur content in nutrient solution was 1.50mmol·l-1, the enzyme activity (POD activity, CTA activity, NR activity) were highest. SOD activity and soluble protein content of garlic leaves were highest at 2.25mmol·l-1.
3. Sulfur promoted fresh weight of garlic. On the one hand, sulfur increased the transverse diameter of garlic, reduced branching index; on the other hand, sulfur increased yields of garlic. On fresh weight, one bulb of Violet Garlic was increased by 32.82%~67.34%, White Garlic increased by 16.90%~51.10%; the fresh weight of one Violet Garlic bolt was increased by 72.46%~141.86%, White Garlic increased by 48.64%~108.42%. The results showed that: the yields were the highest when sulfur concentration was 2.25mmol·l-1.
4. Sulfur has an impact on the quality of two varieties of garlic bulb and bolt. the allicin, soluble sugar, Vitamin C and free amino acid contents in bulb and in bolt were the highest when sulfur treated concentration in nutrient was 2.25mmol·l~-1. Soluble protein content in bulb and in bolt of Violet Garlic, with the sulfur concentration increased, showed an upward trend in a straight line, as well as White Garlic. Lower concentration of sulfur (1.50mmol·l~-1) increased the contents of soluble protein in bulb of Violet Garlic and White Garlic by 64.79%, 63.81%, respectively.
5. The proper concentration of sulfur in nutrient solution could promote the contents of total N, total P, total K and S. At a certain concentration range, sulfur promoted absorption of total N and S, which showed a certain degree of positive correlation. The contents of total N and total P were the highest when concentration of sulfur was 2.25mmol·l~-1, followed by 1.50mmol·l~-1.
主要结论如下:
1.适当提高营养液中硫的处理浓度,可显著提高金乡紫皮蒜和白皮蒜的株高、假茎粗、叶鞘长和叶面积,为后期花薹伸长及鳞茎分化、膨大制造和储藏更多的光合产物。当营养液硫处理浓度超过2.25mmol·l~-1时,不利于上述指标的提高。2.25mmol·l~-1时根系活力最高。
2.在0~2.25mmol·l~-1范围内,大蒜功能叶片的叶绿素总量及类胡萝卜素含量随营养液中硫处理浓度的增加呈上升趋势,至2.25mmol·l~-1时含量最大。叶片的光合速率在2.25mmol·l~-1硫处理浓度下最大,大蒜进入旺盛生长期处理间差异更加显著。POD、CAT、NR活性在1.50mmol·l~-1时最高,低于此浓度随营养液硫浓度增加而增加,高于此浓度则下降;SOD活性和叶片可溶性蛋白含量在2.25mmol·l~-1时最高。
3.硫对大蒜鲜重具有促进作用。一方面,硫增加了蒜头横径、降低大蒜二次生长指数;另一方面,增加了鲜重。紫皮蒜鳞茎鲜重增加32.82%~67.34%;白皮蒜鳞茎鲜重增幅为16.90%~51.10%。蒜薹方面,紫皮蒜蒜薹鲜重增加72.46%~141.86%;白皮蒜蒜薹鲜重增加了48.75% ~108.42%。各硫处理之间均以2.25mmol·l~-1处理最好,但是随着营养液硫浓度的增加,增加效果逐渐减小。
4.硫对两品种大蒜鳞茎和蒜薹的营养品质均产生显著影响,且变化趋势一致。鳞茎和蒜薹中大蒜素、可溶性糖、维生素C、游离氨基酸的含量均以硫处理浓度2.25 mmol·l~-1时最高,而鳞茎可溶性蛋白质含量却随着营养液硫浓度的增加而升高,呈直线上升趋势。紫皮蒜和白皮蒜蒜薹中蛋白质含量以1.50mmol·l~-1硫处理浓度最高,分别比不施硫处理增加64.79%、63.81%。从而提高大蒜的营养价值。
5.适当提高营养液中硫的处理浓度,对鳞茎和蒜薹中全氮、全磷、全钾和硫的吸收、积累均具有促进作用。在0~3.75mmol·l~-1范围内,硫对氮、硫的吸收和积累具促进作用,呈正相关。与磷、钾元素之间的关系:在一定浓度范围内,硫可促进对磷、钾的吸收,过高则又抑制,对它们的吸收以2.25mmol·l~-1处理浓度最高,说明适当施硫有利于改善大蒜对主要矿质元素的吸收。试验结果显示:营养液硫处理浓度为2.25mmol·l~-1最好。
Effects of different sulfur concentrations on physiological and biochemical characteristics, fresh weight and qualities of garlic were studied by nutrient solution. Two cultivars: JinXiang Violet Garlic and JinXiang White Garlic were tested in this research, based on Hoagland nutrient solution, six sulfur concentrations (0mmol·l-1, 0.75mmol·l-1, 1.50mmol·l-1, 2.25mmol·l-1, 3.00mmol·l-1, 3.75mmol·l-1) was treated to study the effects of sulfur on biology characteristic, photosynthesis, fresh weight and quality, contents of total N, total P, total K and S of garlic.
The main results were as follows:
1. The proper sulfur concentration in nutrient solution could raise the height, pseudostem diameter, the leaf sheath length and leaf area of JinXiang Violet Garlic and JinXiang White Garlic, which manufactured and stored more photosynthates for the late bolt elongation and bulb division, expansion. When sulfur concentration in nutrient solution more than 2.25mmol·l-1 was not conducive to the improvement of the above-mentioned indicators. Root activity was the highest, when sulfur concentration was 2.25mmol·l-1.
2. At a certain concentration range of sulfur concentration (0~2.25mmol·l-1), the chlorophyll and carotenoid contents of garlic functional leaf increased gradually, when the concentrations of sulfur was higher than 2.25mmol·l-1, they declined. Leaf photosynthetic rate was the highest at 2.25mmol·l-1, in particular, into its fast growth period. When sulfur content in nutrient solution was 1.50mmol·l-1, the enzyme activity (POD activity, CTA activity, NR activity) were highest. SOD activity and soluble protein content of garlic leaves were highest at 2.25mmol·l-1.
3. Sulfur promoted fresh weight of garlic. On the one hand, sulfur increased the transverse diameter of garlic, reduced branching index; on the other hand, sulfur increased yields of garlic. On fresh weight, one bulb of Violet Garlic was increased by 32.82%~67.34%, White Garlic increased by 16.90%~51.10%; the fresh weight of one Violet Garlic bolt was increased by 72.46%~141.86%, White Garlic increased by 48.64%~108.42%. The results showed that: the yields were the highest when sulfur concentration was 2.25mmol·l-1.
4. Sulfur has an impact on the quality of two varieties of garlic bulb and bolt. the allicin, soluble sugar, Vitamin C and free amino acid contents in bulb and in bolt were the highest when sulfur treated concentration in nutrient was 2.25mmol·l~-1. Soluble protein content in bulb and in bolt of Violet Garlic, with the sulfur concentration increased, showed an upward trend in a straight line, as well as White Garlic. Lower concentration of sulfur (1.50mmol·l~-1) increased the contents of soluble protein in bulb of Violet Garlic and White Garlic by 64.79%, 63.81%, respectively.
5. The proper concentration of sulfur in nutrient solution could promote the contents of total N, total P, total K and S. At a certain concentration range, sulfur promoted absorption of total N and S, which showed a certain degree of positive correlation. The contents of total N and total P were the highest when concentration of sulfur was 2.25mmol·l~-1, followed by 1.50mmol·l~-1.
引文
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