应用选择性激光烧结法制作修复下颌骨缺损钛植入体的基础研究
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摘要
快速成形技术在医学领域应用主要是制作医学物理模型、个性化植入体、赝复体和组织工程人工器官的载体。其中通过快速成形技术制作组织工程人工器官载体是现在的研究热点也是今后的发展方向,在四种常用快速成形方法中SL法虽然应用广泛,但因其设备核心部件——激光器寿命短,加工材料种类单一、价格昂贵,无法参与组织工程人工器官载体的研发;相比较而言,SLS法最大的特点是可加工材料范围宽泛,具有很好的发展前景;但国内有关SLS法在医学领域应用的相关研究较少,本研究就SLS法在制作医学物理模型和制作修复人下颌骨缺损的个性化钛植入体支架方面作了初步的探索,为SLS法在医学领域的广泛应用奠定了基础。
本研究首先用螺旋CT扫描离体人下颌骨,得到断层图像数据不经任何转换直接输入MIMICS软件进行三维重建,得到CAD三维数模,输入Surfacer软件除去杂点干扰,平滑曲面后,保存为STL文件,输入SLS快速成形系统通过激光烧结精铸蜡粉所制作的人下颌骨复制体,其形态、大小及结构与下颌骨实体标本基本一致。然后建立的人下颌骨大面积缺损的CAD三维数字模型,在Surfacer软件中通过健侧数据的镜像翻转实现对缺损区个性化预制钛植入体支架的三维数字设计,输入SLS快速成形
Rapid Prototyping Technology is used to make medical physical models, individual precast titanium frameworks, facial prosthesis and carrier of the Organ-Tissue Engineering. Studying how to construct the carrier by RP ways is a rising research field in this centrury, and SL is the most extensive-used way. But its laser aid has short working time. Kinds of the materials are also limited and their price is very high. By contrast with the SL , SLS cann't only use many kinds of materials, but also can construct the carrier by some special materials. Domestic reports of the SLS in medical areas is a little. So to make physical model and individual precast titanium frameworks by SLS are to be discussed in the paper.Firstly in this paper human mandibula was scanned by spiral CT. Then the data from CT was import into software (MIMICS 7.10) to reconstruct 3-D digital model. Software (Surfacer 10.5) was used to remove useless points , smooth the curves and output the STL file. The file was input into the rapid prototyping system, and was converted to slice format. At last processing parameters were chosen, 3D stereo mandibula model was built by wax powder by Selective Laser Sintering layer by layer. Contrast to original mandibula, wax model was alike in shape, structure and size. Secondly 3-D digital model
本研究首先用螺旋CT扫描离体人下颌骨,得到断层图像数据不经任何转换直接输入MIMICS软件进行三维重建,得到CAD三维数模,输入Surfacer软件除去杂点干扰,平滑曲面后,保存为STL文件,输入SLS快速成形系统通过激光烧结精铸蜡粉所制作的人下颌骨复制体,其形态、大小及结构与下颌骨实体标本基本一致。然后建立的人下颌骨大面积缺损的CAD三维数字模型,在Surfacer软件中通过健侧数据的镜像翻转实现对缺损区个性化预制钛植入体支架的三维数字设计,输入SLS快速成形
Rapid Prototyping Technology is used to make medical physical models, individual precast titanium frameworks, facial prosthesis and carrier of the Organ-Tissue Engineering. Studying how to construct the carrier by RP ways is a rising research field in this centrury, and SL is the most extensive-used way. But its laser aid has short working time. Kinds of the materials are also limited and their price is very high. By contrast with the SL , SLS cann't only use many kinds of materials, but also can construct the carrier by some special materials. Domestic reports of the SLS in medical areas is a little. So to make physical model and individual precast titanium frameworks by SLS are to be discussed in the paper.Firstly in this paper human mandibula was scanned by spiral CT. Then the data from CT was import into software (MIMICS 7.10) to reconstruct 3-D digital model. Software (Surfacer 10.5) was used to remove useless points , smooth the curves and output the STL file. The file was input into the rapid prototyping system, and was converted to slice format. At last processing parameters were chosen, 3D stereo mandibula model was built by wax powder by Selective Laser Sintering layer by layer. Contrast to original mandibula, wax model was alike in shape, structure and size. Secondly 3-D digital model
引文
1.朱林泉,白培康,朱江淼.快速成形与快速制造技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2003:3～4
2.程军,白培康,段国芳.快速成型技术在车用发动机铸造中的应用.车用发动机,1997(6):26～29
3. Kochan. Rapid Developments in Rapid Prototyping. Assem Autom. 1995,15(4):7～8
4.王秀峰,罗宏杰.快速原型制造技术.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:11～14
5.王运赣,陈国清,骆际焕,林国材.快速成形技术及其系统的研究.锻压技术,1996(3):36～39
6.荣烈润.面向21世纪的激光快速成形技术.机电一体,2001(4):9～12
7.杨世洲,闵小俊.快速成形及快速铸造技术.铸造技术,2003(3),24(2):118～119
8.张伟.导师:颜永年.快速成形系统设计与工艺控制的原理与应用:[D].北京:清华大学,1997:30
9.Materialise公司主页:http://www.Materialise.com
10.史玉升,莫健华,黄树槐.常用快速成型系统及其选择原则.锻压机械2001(2):1～7
11. More materials. Rapid Prototyping Report, 9(1):3～82
12.王运赣.快速成型技术.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999:109
13.金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.8:1～4
14.藤勇,王臻,李涤尘.快速成型技术在医学中的应用.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2001,24(6):257～261
15. Barker T M, Earwaker W J S. Accuracy of stereo lithographic models of human anatomy[J].Australasian radiol, 1994, 38: 106
16. Timonthy E M, Andrew M C, Perez R R. Effects of computerized axial tomography: Technical factors and scanning techniques on the accuracy of anatomical biomodels[J]. Critical reviews in bionmedical engineering, 2000,28 (3&4):349-354
17. Joffe J M, Mcdermott P J, Linney A D. Computer-generated titanium cranioplasty:report of a new technique for repairing skull defects[J].Br J Neurosurg, 1992,6(4):343～350.
18.陈惟昌,张朝宗,王自强,关东旭,邱红霞.显微CT(u-CT)--医学CT未来的发展方向.CT理论与应用研究,1998(8),7(3):40-45
19.陈惟昌,李玉彬,王自强,邱红霞.显微动态与功能CT—未来的21世纪CT.CT理论与应用研究,2000(9):138-141
20.高勃,谭永生,卿侯.应用激光快速成型方法复制下颌骨——(2)用LOM由三维重建数据制作下颌骨.实用口腔医学杂志,2000(3),16(2):140-142
21. Borah B, Gross GJ, Dufresne TE. Three-dimensional microimaging (MruI and uCT), finite element modeling, and rapid prototyping provide unique insights into bone architechure in osteoporosis [J]. Anat Rec,2001,265(2): 101～110.
22. Vloeberghs MV, Hartfield F, DaemiF1. Soft tissue rapid prototyping in neurosurgery. Computer Aided Surgery, 1998,3:95～97.
23. Sodian R, Loebe M, Hein A, Martin DP, Hoerstrup SP, Potapov EV, Hausmann H, Lueth T, Hetzer R. Application of stereolithography for scaffold fabrication for tissue engineered heart valves.ASAIO J. 2002 Jan-Feb;48(1):12-6.
24. D'Urso PS,Barker TM,Earwaker WJ.Stereo lithographic biomodeling in cranionmaxillofacial surgery: a prospective trial. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999,27(1):30～37
25. PotamianosP, AmisAA,ForesterAJ. Rapid prototyping for orthopaedic surgery[J].Procinstn MechEngrs (PartH),1998,21(2):383-393
26. Lee SJ, Jung IY, Lee CY, Choi SY, Kum KY. Clinical application of computer-aided rapid prototyping for tooth transplantation.2001 Jun;17(3):114～119.21 Dent Traumatol.
27.何创龙,王远亮,杨立华,夏烈文.人工器官的快速成形制造.山东生物医学工程,22(2):46～50
28.刘非,李涤尘,卢秉恒,王臻.基于快速成形的个体匹配关节面设计制造方法.中国机械工程,2003(8),14(16):1422～1425
29.卢秉恒,吴永辉,李涤尘.将在21世纪崛起的生物制造工程.中国机械工程,2000,11(增刊):149～153
30.李涤尘,卢秉恒,吴永辉.人工生物活性骨骼的快速制造方法研究.机械工程学报,2000,11(增刊):102～104
31. Harlan NR, Reyes R, Bourell DL. Titanium castings using laser-scanned data and selective laser-sintered zirconia molds. Journal of materials engineering and Performance,2001,10:410～413.
32.郑卫国,颜永年,周赫赫,刘振宁.快速成形技术在临床外科手术中的潜在应用.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(8):1038-1041
33 Kai CC, Meng CS, Ching Ls. Facial prosthetic model fabrication using rapid prototyping tools. Intergrated manufacturing systems, 2000,11(1):42～53.
34.黄雪梅,张文强,叶铭,焦婷,王成焘,张富强.基于快速成型技术的人耳赝复体的设计与制造.上海交通大学学报,2003(5),37(5):733～736
35.吴国锋,赵铱民,刘晓芳,等.单侧眼眶部缺损修复的计算机辅助设计与制作.实用口腔医学杂志,2004,22(3):321
36.金树人,姚月玲,高勃,王忠义.应用快速成型法制作磨牙树脂全冠.第四军医大学学报 2003;24(8)700～702
37. Barlow JW, Lee GH, Snyder TM. Preparation of calcium phosphate implants [On-line]:www.garpa.org/case-2000/us/joelbarlowpaper 2000.pdf
38. Barlow JW, Lee GH, Crawford RH. Method and system for fabricating artificial bone implants. U.S. Pat, 5639402,1997-06-17
39. Barlow JW, Lee GH, Crawford RH. Artificial bone implants.Appl:09/765801,U.S.Pat,2001-06-28
40. Hutmacher DW. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage.Biomaterials,2000,21:2529～2543.
41. Yang SF, Leong KF, Du ZH. The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering,2002,8(1):1～11.
42. Zein I, Hutmacher DW, Tan KC. Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials,2002,23:1169～1185.
43.颜永年,崔福斋,张人佶.人工骨的快速成形制造.材料导报,2000,14(2):11～13.
44. Yan YN, Xiong Z, Hu YY. Layered manufacturing of tissue engineering scaffolds via multi-nozzle deposition. Materials Letters,2002
45.吴永辉,李涤尘,卢秉恒.基于RP的组织工程细胞外基质-载体制造问题研究.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2001,24(3):102～107.
46.吴永辉,李涤尘,卢秉恒.基于快速成形的生物制造工程研究.机械工程学报,2000,36(9):61～64.
47.熊卓,颜永年,张人佶,等.骨组织工程聚左旋乳酸多孔框架快速成形研究.清华大学学报(自然科学版)2002(2),42(2):157-160
48 Cheng W, Fuh JYH, Nee A Y C. Multi-objective optimization of part-building orientation in stereo lithography. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 1995,1(4):12-234
49. Lan Poting, Chou Shuoyan, Chenlinlin.Determining fabrication or ientations for rapid prototyping with stereolithography apparatus.
2.程军,白培康,段国芳.快速成型技术在车用发动机铸造中的应用.车用发动机,1997(6):26～29
3. Kochan. Rapid Developments in Rapid Prototyping. Assem Autom. 1995,15(4):7～8
4.王秀峰,罗宏杰.快速原型制造技术.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001:11～14
5.王运赣,陈国清,骆际焕,林国材.快速成形技术及其系统的研究.锻压技术,1996(3):36～39
6.荣烈润.面向21世纪的激光快速成形技术.机电一体,2001(4):9～12
7.杨世洲,闵小俊.快速成形及快速铸造技术.铸造技术,2003(3),24(2):118～119
8.张伟.导师:颜永年.快速成形系统设计与工艺控制的原理与应用:[D].北京:清华大学,1997:30
9.Materialise公司主页:http://www.Materialise.com
10.史玉升,莫健华,黄树槐.常用快速成型系统及其选择原则.锻压机械2001(2):1～7
11. More materials. Rapid Prototyping Report, 9(1):3～82
12.王运赣.快速成型技术.武汉:华中理工大学出版社,1999:109
13.金涛,童水光.逆向工程技术.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.8:1～4
14.藤勇,王臻,李涤尘.快速成型技术在医学中的应用.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2001,24(6):257～261
15. Barker T M, Earwaker W J S. Accuracy of stereo lithographic models of human anatomy[J].Australasian radiol, 1994, 38: 106
16. Timonthy E M, Andrew M C, Perez R R. Effects of computerized axial tomography: Technical factors and scanning techniques on the accuracy of anatomical biomodels[J]. Critical reviews in bionmedical engineering, 2000,28 (3&4):349-354
17. Joffe J M, Mcdermott P J, Linney A D. Computer-generated titanium cranioplasty:report of a new technique for repairing skull defects[J].Br J Neurosurg, 1992,6(4):343～350.
18.陈惟昌,张朝宗,王自强,关东旭,邱红霞.显微CT(u-CT)--医学CT未来的发展方向.CT理论与应用研究,1998(8),7(3):40-45
19.陈惟昌,李玉彬,王自强,邱红霞.显微动态与功能CT—未来的21世纪CT.CT理论与应用研究,2000(9):138-141
20.高勃,谭永生,卿侯.应用激光快速成型方法复制下颌骨——(2)用LOM由三维重建数据制作下颌骨.实用口腔医学杂志,2000(3),16(2):140-142
21. Borah B, Gross GJ, Dufresne TE. Three-dimensional microimaging (MruI and uCT), finite element modeling, and rapid prototyping provide unique insights into bone architechure in osteoporosis [J]. Anat Rec,2001,265(2): 101～110.
22. Vloeberghs MV, Hartfield F, DaemiF1. Soft tissue rapid prototyping in neurosurgery. Computer Aided Surgery, 1998,3:95～97.
23. Sodian R, Loebe M, Hein A, Martin DP, Hoerstrup SP, Potapov EV, Hausmann H, Lueth T, Hetzer R. Application of stereolithography for scaffold fabrication for tissue engineered heart valves.ASAIO J. 2002 Jan-Feb;48(1):12-6.
24. D'Urso PS,Barker TM,Earwaker WJ.Stereo lithographic biomodeling in cranionmaxillofacial surgery: a prospective trial. Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, 1999,27(1):30～37
25. PotamianosP, AmisAA,ForesterAJ. Rapid prototyping for orthopaedic surgery[J].Procinstn MechEngrs (PartH),1998,21(2):383-393
26. Lee SJ, Jung IY, Lee CY, Choi SY, Kum KY. Clinical application of computer-aided rapid prototyping for tooth transplantation.2001 Jun;17(3):114～119.21 Dent Traumatol.
27.何创龙,王远亮,杨立华,夏烈文.人工器官的快速成形制造.山东生物医学工程,22(2):46～50
28.刘非,李涤尘,卢秉恒,王臻.基于快速成形的个体匹配关节面设计制造方法.中国机械工程,2003(8),14(16):1422～1425
29.卢秉恒,吴永辉,李涤尘.将在21世纪崛起的生物制造工程.中国机械工程,2000,11(增刊):149～153
30.李涤尘,卢秉恒,吴永辉.人工生物活性骨骼的快速制造方法研究.机械工程学报,2000,11(增刊):102～104
31. Harlan NR, Reyes R, Bourell DL. Titanium castings using laser-scanned data and selective laser-sintered zirconia molds. Journal of materials engineering and Performance,2001,10:410～413.
32.郑卫国,颜永年,周赫赫,刘振宁.快速成形技术在临床外科手术中的潜在应用.清华大学学报(自然科学版),2002,42(8):1038-1041
33 Kai CC, Meng CS, Ching Ls. Facial prosthetic model fabrication using rapid prototyping tools. Intergrated manufacturing systems, 2000,11(1):42～53.
34.黄雪梅,张文强,叶铭,焦婷,王成焘,张富强.基于快速成型技术的人耳赝复体的设计与制造.上海交通大学学报,2003(5),37(5):733～736
35.吴国锋,赵铱民,刘晓芳,等.单侧眼眶部缺损修复的计算机辅助设计与制作.实用口腔医学杂志,2004,22(3):321
36.金树人,姚月玲,高勃,王忠义.应用快速成型法制作磨牙树脂全冠.第四军医大学学报 2003;24(8)700～702
37. Barlow JW, Lee GH, Snyder TM. Preparation of calcium phosphate implants [On-line]:www.garpa.org/case-2000/us/joelbarlowpaper 2000.pdf
38. Barlow JW, Lee GH, Crawford RH. Method and system for fabricating artificial bone implants. U.S. Pat, 5639402,1997-06-17
39. Barlow JW, Lee GH, Crawford RH. Artificial bone implants.Appl:09/765801,U.S.Pat,2001-06-28
40. Hutmacher DW. Scaffolds in tissue engineering bone and cartilage.Biomaterials,2000,21:2529～2543.
41. Yang SF, Leong KF, Du ZH. The design of scaffolds for use in tissue engineering,2002,8(1):1～11.
42. Zein I, Hutmacher DW, Tan KC. Fused deposition modeling of novel scaffold architectures for tissue engineering applications. Biomaterials,2002,23:1169～1185.
43.颜永年,崔福斋,张人佶.人工骨的快速成形制造.材料导报,2000,14(2):11～13.
44. Yan YN, Xiong Z, Hu YY. Layered manufacturing of tissue engineering scaffolds via multi-nozzle deposition. Materials Letters,2002
45.吴永辉,李涤尘,卢秉恒.基于RP的组织工程细胞外基质-载体制造问题研究.国外医学生物医学工程分册,2001,24(3):102～107.
46.吴永辉,李涤尘,卢秉恒.基于快速成形的生物制造工程研究.机械工程学报,2000,36(9):61～64.
47.熊卓,颜永年,张人佶,等.骨组织工程聚左旋乳酸多孔框架快速成形研究.清华大学学报(自然科学版)2002(2),42(2):157-160
48 Cheng W, Fuh JYH, Nee A Y C. Multi-objective optimization of part-building orientation in stereo lithography. Rapid Prototyping Journal, 1995,1(4):12-234
49. Lan Poting, Chou Shuoyan, Chenlinlin.Determining fabrication or ientations for rapid prototyping with stereolithography apparatus.