鄂尔多斯盆地南部环形构造特征及深部控制因素
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摘要
鄂尔多斯盆地位于中国大陆中部，面积23万km~2，为一稳定的克拉通内部盆地，蕴藏着丰富的煤、石油、天然气和砂岩型铀矿等多种能源矿产。目前对鄂尔多斯盆地油气、煤和砂岩型铀矿各自富集规律的研究与认识都已经达到一定的深度和广度。在纵向上，煤聚积于石炭-二叠系和侏罗系，石油和铀矿主要分布在侏罗系，天然气则储集在奥陶系和二叠系。在横向上，石油位于盆地中南部，铀矿位于盆地边部，天然气和煤炭资源在全盆地均有分布。多种能源矿产存在油中气、煤中气、上气下油、油中铀、煤中铀、煤中油以及独立富集等7种共存富集形式。
在盆地发展演化过程中，在不同的构造单元叠置了不同的能源组合类型。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产的共存富集是盆地构造演化、沉积环境和热演化综合作用的必然结果。构造演化格局决定盆地的性质以及内部充填序列，并且控制着煤、油气和铀在盆地中的分布；沉积环境则是矿产富集的基础，不同沉积环境和沉积相形成的矿产各异；盆地的热演化，则是促进了煤、油气和铀的生成、聚积以及消亡。
采用“整体、动态、综合”的盆地分析方法，根据地震、地质等资料，结合野外地质及前人研究成果，对鄂尔多斯盆地南部中-新生代以来后期改造特征进行了研究，深入探讨控制鄂尔多斯盆地形成演化的地球动力学背景，研究盆地构造沉积演化的主控因素。
地球物理、地震资料与遥感卫星数据的综合分析表明，鄂尔多斯盆地南部直径大于300km的环形构造主要受深部控制，其活动有升降、又有旋转。印支运动、燕山运动和喜山运动的联合作用以及太平洋板块、欧亚板块和印度板块挤压的影响，对盆地的形成及演化有一定的控制意义。
The Ordos basin rests upon the North China Block (NCB) and is one of the largest sedimentary basins in north China, with more than 15 km of Phanerozoic strata. The body, which is about 23X10V in size, lies under 10-20 m of Quaternary sediment, possess abundant oil, natural gas, coal and sandstone type of uranium resources. Recently, the study of the enrichment rules of oil, coal, natural gas and uranium has got a special point in the Ordos Basin. Vertically, coal distributes in Permo-Carboniferous and Jurassic; oil and uranium exists mainly in Jurassic while gas rests in Ordovician and Permian. Laterally, oil distributes in the center and southern parts of the basin, uranium deposits are located at the edges of the basin, natural gas and coal set in the whole basin. There are seven association and accumulation forms of different energy resources, namely gas in oil, gas in coal, gas enriched in the upper while oil enriched in the lower, uranium in oil, uranium in coal, oil in coal and independent accumulation separately.
During the development of the basin, tectonic evolution, sedimentary environment and hot evolution together cause the association and accumulation of different energy resource in Ordos basin. The tectonic evolution framework controls the characteristics of the basin, the internal sequences of basin-fill and the distribution of coal, oil, gas and uranium. Depositional environment is the base of mineral accumulation, that is to say, minerals are differentiated because of sedimentary environment and sedimentary facies; the hot evolution of basin contributes to the formation, accumulation and disappearance of coal, oil, gas and uranium.
The geology of Ordos is an important indicator of the geologic history of the entire North China Block. Based on the whole, dynamic and synthetical basin analytical methods, the structural characteristic of the South Ordos basin in the Late Mesozoic and the Cenozoic is researched with the data of seismic, geological and former achievements. In order to discuss deeply to the geodynamical background of Ordos basin and study the dominant factors controlling the sediment evolvement of the basin, we discusses the evolvement of basin from an even more extensive view.
It is testified that the ring structure has close correlation with deep-seated structure and dominated by the factors in the deep of the earth through the comprehensive study of physical geography and natural earthquake. It is the result of the united effects of the orogenic activities during Mesozoic to Cenozoic period (Indo-China movement, Yanshan movement, Himalayan movement and the restraining bend in plate oblique collision).
在盆地发展演化过程中，在不同的构造单元叠置了不同的能源组合类型。鄂尔多斯盆地多种能源矿产的共存富集是盆地构造演化、沉积环境和热演化综合作用的必然结果。构造演化格局决定盆地的性质以及内部充填序列，并且控制着煤、油气和铀在盆地中的分布；沉积环境则是矿产富集的基础，不同沉积环境和沉积相形成的矿产各异；盆地的热演化，则是促进了煤、油气和铀的生成、聚积以及消亡。
采用“整体、动态、综合”的盆地分析方法，根据地震、地质等资料，结合野外地质及前人研究成果，对鄂尔多斯盆地南部中-新生代以来后期改造特征进行了研究，深入探讨控制鄂尔多斯盆地形成演化的地球动力学背景，研究盆地构造沉积演化的主控因素。
地球物理、地震资料与遥感卫星数据的综合分析表明，鄂尔多斯盆地南部直径大于300km的环形构造主要受深部控制，其活动有升降、又有旋转。印支运动、燕山运动和喜山运动的联合作用以及太平洋板块、欧亚板块和印度板块挤压的影响，对盆地的形成及演化有一定的控制意义。
The Ordos basin rests upon the North China Block (NCB) and is one of the largest sedimentary basins in north China, with more than 15 km of Phanerozoic strata. The body, which is about 23X10V in size, lies under 10-20 m of Quaternary sediment, possess abundant oil, natural gas, coal and sandstone type of uranium resources. Recently, the study of the enrichment rules of oil, coal, natural gas and uranium has got a special point in the Ordos Basin. Vertically, coal distributes in Permo-Carboniferous and Jurassic; oil and uranium exists mainly in Jurassic while gas rests in Ordovician and Permian. Laterally, oil distributes in the center and southern parts of the basin, uranium deposits are located at the edges of the basin, natural gas and coal set in the whole basin. There are seven association and accumulation forms of different energy resources, namely gas in oil, gas in coal, gas enriched in the upper while oil enriched in the lower, uranium in oil, uranium in coal, oil in coal and independent accumulation separately.
During the development of the basin, tectonic evolution, sedimentary environment and hot evolution together cause the association and accumulation of different energy resource in Ordos basin. The tectonic evolution framework controls the characteristics of the basin, the internal sequences of basin-fill and the distribution of coal, oil, gas and uranium. Depositional environment is the base of mineral accumulation, that is to say, minerals are differentiated because of sedimentary environment and sedimentary facies; the hot evolution of basin contributes to the formation, accumulation and disappearance of coal, oil, gas and uranium.
The geology of Ordos is an important indicator of the geologic history of the entire North China Block. Based on the whole, dynamic and synthetical basin analytical methods, the structural characteristic of the South Ordos basin in the Late Mesozoic and the Cenozoic is researched with the data of seismic, geological and former achievements. In order to discuss deeply to the geodynamical background of Ordos basin and study the dominant factors controlling the sediment evolvement of the basin, we discusses the evolvement of basin from an even more extensive view.
It is testified that the ring structure has close correlation with deep-seated structure and dominated by the factors in the deep of the earth through the comprehensive study of physical geography and natural earthquake. It is the result of the united effects of the orogenic activities during Mesozoic to Cenozoic period (Indo-China movement, Yanshan movement, Himalayan movement and the restraining bend in plate oblique collision).
引文
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2．翟光明，宋建国，靳久强，高维亮。板块构造演化与含油气盆地形成和评价[M]，北京：石油工业出版社：39-59；144-161；241-276，2002．12
3．杨俊杰。鄂尔多斯盆地构造演化与油气分布规律[M]，北京：石油工业出版社，2002．7
4. Kessel, Benjamin J., Lower Paleozoic sequence stratigraphy, deposystems and paleogeography of northwestern Ordos basin, North China, MS, Utah State University, 2006.
5．安美建，石耀霖。中国大陆岩石圈厚度分布研究[J]，地学前缘，2006，13(3)：23-30
6．陈九辉，刘启元，李顺成等。青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地块地壳上地幔S波速度结构[J]，地球物理学报，2005，48(2)：333～342
7．邓军，王庆飞，黄定华等。鄂尔多斯盆地基底演化及其对盖层控制作用[J]，地学前缘，2005，12(3)：91-99
8．刘池洋，赵红格，桂小军等。鄂尔多斯演化—改造的时空坐标及其成藏(矿)响应[J]，地质学报，2006，80(5)：618-638
9．付金华，万丛礼。鄂尔多斯盆地构造-热事件与古生界天然气聚集[J]，西北大学学报(自然科学网络版)，2004，2(8)
10．韩露，张贵宾，高锐。中国岩石圈三维结构综合数据网站的研发建设[J]，地球物理学进展，2006，21(1)：101-106
11．潘爱芳，马润勇，黎荣剑等。鄂尔多斯盆地深部流体地球化学研究[M]，北京：石油工业出版社：18-49，2006
12．杨锋杰，王明镇，李增学等。鄂尔多斯盆地南部环形影像特征及地质意义[J]，地球科学与环境学报，2006，28(3)：37-41
13. Abers, G., 2004. Seismic low-velocity layer at the top of subducting slabs: observations, predictions, and systematics. Phys. Earth Planet. Int., doi: 10. 1016/j. pepi. 2004. 10. 002.
14. B. A. R. Youngs, G. A. Houseman, Topography on the D' region from analysis of a thin dense layer beneath a convecting cell. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 160 (2007) 60-74. doi:10. 1016/j. pepi. 2006. 09. 003
15. Bruce A. Buffett, Taking Earth's Temperature. Science 315, 1801-1802, 30 Mar. 2007/doi: 10. 1126/science. 1140470.
16. G. A. Abers et al., The thermal structure of subduction zones constrained by seismic imaging: Implications for slab dehydration and wedge flow. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 241 (2006) 387-397, doi:10. 1016/j. epsl. 2005. 11. 055
17. J.-H. Zhao, M.-F. Zhou, Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic mafic intrusions in the Panzhihua district (Sichuan Province, SW China): Implications for subduction-related metasomatism in the upper mantle. Precambrian Research 152 (2007) 27-47. doi:10. 1016/j. precamres. 2006. 09. 002
18. E. Calais et al., Global Positioning System measurements of active crustal deformation in Western Mongolia. 1997-2002 report: Updated August 15th, 2002
19. E. Calais, C. DeMets, J.-M. Nocquet, Evidence for a post-3. 16-Ma change in Nubia-Eurasia-North America plate motions? Earth and Planetary Science Letters 6825 (2003)1-12
20. E. Calais et al., Continental deformation in Asia from a combined GPS solution. Geophys. Res. Letters, Vol. 33, L24319, doi: 10. 1029/2006GL028433, 2006
21．杨国华，谢觉民，韩月萍。华北主要构造单元及边界带现今水平形变与运动机制[J]，地球物理学报，2001，44(5)：645～653
22．杨国华，韩月萍，张凤兰。使用GPS复测资料确定华北地区不同活动性质单元及活动方式[J]，地震学报，2001，23(1)：1—10
23．徐黎明，周立发，张义楷等。鄂尔多斯盆地构造应力场特征及其构造背景[J]，大地构造与成矿学，2006，30(4)：455-462
24．任纪舜，邓平，肖藜薇等。中国与世界主要含油气区大地构造比较分析[J]，地址学报，2006，80(10)，1491-1500
25．马宗晋，高祥林，宋正范。中国布格重力异常水平梯度图的判读和构造解释[J]，地球物理学报，2006，49(1)：106-114
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