伊犁河谷典型区域地下水盐动态模拟研究
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摘要
地下水既是一种宝贵的自然资源,又是环境的基本要素。当今世界所面临的“人口、资源、环境”三大问题,都直接或间接地与地下水资源有关。随着工农业生产的发展和人民生活水平的提高,对地下水资源评价与管理提出了更高的要求。二十世纪七十年代以来,数值模拟技术在地下水渗流问题中得到了广泛应用,成为人们揭示地下水运动规律和资源评价与管理中必不可少的工具。
本论文在系统分析地下水数值模拟方法的基础上,运用有限差分,结合研究区地下水含水介质系统,采用二维非稳定流数学模型对该地下水系统进行了数值模拟,对研究区地下水动态变化进行了评价,为研究区今后的地下水资源评价与管理提供了一种有效的分析手段,为相同条件下的其它区域地下水资源的科学管理提供了有意义的参考。针对上述问题,本论文重点进行如下研究工作:充分搜集并系统整理前人在研究区内的地质及水文地质勘察成果,进行分析、整合处理。结合项目研究的目的,补充进行研究区综合性水文地质勘察工作,进一步查明灌区气候、水文、地形地貌、地质及水文地质特征,灌区地下水动态和地下水化学特征及其分布规律,宏观评价伊犁河谷水资源利用现状及地下水资源均衡状态。
以系统理论和可持续发展观念为指导,运用现代水资源和水文地质理论方法以及计算机模拟技术,开展灌区地下水预测研究工作。利用较为成熟先进的三维可视化地下水分析计算软件GMS的Modflow和MT3D模块建立研究区地下水系统的数学摸型,分析预测研究区在现状和规划条件下的地下水运移规律。通过实地勘察和模型预测,对项目区开发规模方案下的地下水动态及其对环境影响,进行系统分析和评价,预测灌区在现状、规划条件下的水位,水质动态变化规律。并据此提出该项目区的盐碱地治理措施、建议以及水资源利用和生态环境保护策略。
Groundwater is not only a kind of valuable natural resource but also the basic element of environment. Now the three problems that face us are "population, source, environment" which have the bearing with the groundwater resources directly and indirectly. With the development of industry and agriculture and the improving of standard of living, the higher demand on evaluation and management of the ground-water has been put forward. Since the 1970s, numerical simulation technology has been widely used in the problem of groundwater seepage, and has been a necessary tool to discover the movement rule of groundwater and to assess and manage the natural resources.
On the basis of analyzing the numerical simulation methods of groundwater systematically and combining Jinan fissure-karst water system, the paper sets up the two-dimensional unsteady model by using the finite difference method , assess dynamic changes of groundwater in the study area. All conclusions we sum up in the paper provide efficient analysis method for the evaluation and management of groundwater resources of the Ili River Basin, and provide significant reference for the evaluation of scientific management of local groundwater resources. For the above issues, The central contents are as follows: Fully collect data or research results done by predecessors in the fields of geologic and hydro-geological surveying in different periods, in different walks of life, with different purpose and different precision, in this basin. And analyses data consistency, take probationary and integration treatment; Linking with the project, Carry out all-round hydro-geological reinforced surveying in the ID, further ascertain existing features such as climate, hydrology, topography and land feature, geologic and hydro-geologic in the ID, as well as find out groundwater dynamic feature and its water chemistry feature as well as what its distribution law is in the ID. Finally, it was macro assessed for water resources utilization status quo and groundwater equilibrium state in the Ili River ID.
Taking systematic theory and sustainable development idea as direction, using modern water resources and hydro-geologic theory methodology as well as computer analogue technology, we can't out. groundwater forecasting and research work in the ID. For groundwater analogue calculation of this time, we introduced more advanced Three-dimensional Visual Calculation Software–GMS, established math model of groundwater system in the study area, to forecast groundwater motion law and groundwater quality dynamic transformation law in the condition of existing and planning situation.
Through field investigation and model forecasting, we made a systematic analyze am assessment to groundwater motion trend and its environment influence under the planning; development scale, forecasted groundwater motion law and groundwater quality dynamic transformation law in the condition of existing and planning situation. On the basis of the above studies, we put forward suggestions about saline-alkali soil improvement measures, and strategy for water resources utilization and eco-environment protection.
本论文在系统分析地下水数值模拟方法的基础上,运用有限差分,结合研究区地下水含水介质系统,采用二维非稳定流数学模型对该地下水系统进行了数值模拟,对研究区地下水动态变化进行了评价,为研究区今后的地下水资源评价与管理提供了一种有效的分析手段,为相同条件下的其它区域地下水资源的科学管理提供了有意义的参考。针对上述问题,本论文重点进行如下研究工作:充分搜集并系统整理前人在研究区内的地质及水文地质勘察成果,进行分析、整合处理。结合项目研究的目的,补充进行研究区综合性水文地质勘察工作,进一步查明灌区气候、水文、地形地貌、地质及水文地质特征,灌区地下水动态和地下水化学特征及其分布规律,宏观评价伊犁河谷水资源利用现状及地下水资源均衡状态。
以系统理论和可持续发展观念为指导,运用现代水资源和水文地质理论方法以及计算机模拟技术,开展灌区地下水预测研究工作。利用较为成熟先进的三维可视化地下水分析计算软件GMS的Modflow和MT3D模块建立研究区地下水系统的数学摸型,分析预测研究区在现状和规划条件下的地下水运移规律。通过实地勘察和模型预测,对项目区开发规模方案下的地下水动态及其对环境影响,进行系统分析和评价,预测灌区在现状、规划条件下的水位,水质动态变化规律。并据此提出该项目区的盐碱地治理措施、建议以及水资源利用和生态环境保护策略。
Groundwater is not only a kind of valuable natural resource but also the basic element of environment. Now the three problems that face us are "population, source, environment" which have the bearing with the groundwater resources directly and indirectly. With the development of industry and agriculture and the improving of standard of living, the higher demand on evaluation and management of the ground-water has been put forward. Since the 1970s, numerical simulation technology has been widely used in the problem of groundwater seepage, and has been a necessary tool to discover the movement rule of groundwater and to assess and manage the natural resources.
On the basis of analyzing the numerical simulation methods of groundwater systematically and combining Jinan fissure-karst water system, the paper sets up the two-dimensional unsteady model by using the finite difference method , assess dynamic changes of groundwater in the study area. All conclusions we sum up in the paper provide efficient analysis method for the evaluation and management of groundwater resources of the Ili River Basin, and provide significant reference for the evaluation of scientific management of local groundwater resources. For the above issues, The central contents are as follows: Fully collect data or research results done by predecessors in the fields of geologic and hydro-geological surveying in different periods, in different walks of life, with different purpose and different precision, in this basin. And analyses data consistency, take probationary and integration treatment; Linking with the project, Carry out all-round hydro-geological reinforced surveying in the ID, further ascertain existing features such as climate, hydrology, topography and land feature, geologic and hydro-geologic in the ID, as well as find out groundwater dynamic feature and its water chemistry feature as well as what its distribution law is in the ID. Finally, it was macro assessed for water resources utilization status quo and groundwater equilibrium state in the Ili River ID.
Taking systematic theory and sustainable development idea as direction, using modern water resources and hydro-geologic theory methodology as well as computer analogue technology, we can't out. groundwater forecasting and research work in the ID. For groundwater analogue calculation of this time, we introduced more advanced Three-dimensional Visual Calculation Software–GMS, established math model of groundwater system in the study area, to forecast groundwater motion law and groundwater quality dynamic transformation law in the condition of existing and planning situation.
Through field investigation and model forecasting, we made a systematic analyze am assessment to groundwater motion trend and its environment influence under the planning; development scale, forecasted groundwater motion law and groundwater quality dynamic transformation law in the condition of existing and planning situation. On the basis of the above studies, we put forward suggestions about saline-alkali soil improvement measures, and strategy for water resources utilization and eco-environment protection.
引文
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[3]雷志栋,杨诗秀,胡和平,尚松浩,苏立宁,刘慧芳,哈岸英.区域水资源平衡分析.水利规划设计,2001 3.
[4] Esserv, Charles I. Influence of season and balance period on the construction of catchment water balances, Journal of Hydrology v 130 n1一4 Jan 1992.
[5] Yang, Jianfeng, large weighing lysimeter for evapotranspiration and soil-water-groundwater exchange studies, Hydrological Processes 1410 Jul 2000.
[6] sconnens, J.C. Vieux, B.E. Cappelaere, B. HAPEX-Sahel hydrology GIS: towards regional water balance modelling in a semiarid area, IAHS Publication 235 Apr 1996.
[7]刘伟,刘先锋.辽宁省水资源三水转化计算模型的研究.东北水利水电,1999,176(3).
[8]曲耀光,马世敏.西北干早区水资源转化与开发利用模型.中国沙漠,1998,18 (4).
[9]雷志栋.杨诗秀.壤水研究进展简述,水利水电工程科学前沿.清华大学出版社,2002年4月.
[10] Van Genuchten, F J Leig, L Jlund, Indirect Methods for Estimating the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil, Proceedings of the International Workshopon Indirection Method for Estimating the Hydraulic Properties of Unsaturated Soil, California, USA,1992.
[11]任理.有限元解析法在求解非饱和土壤水流问题中的应用.水利学报,1990,10.
[12]朱学愚,谢春红.非饱和流动问题的SUPG有限元素数值法.水利学报,1994. 6.
[13]杨大文,杨诗秀等.农药在土壤中的迁移及其影响因素的初步研究.土壤学报,1992. [14]尚守忠.北京地区地下水动态预测方法[[J].水文地质工程地质,1983.
[15]陈葆仁,洪再吉等.地下水动态及其预测[M].北京:科学出版社,1988.
[16]张永波.水工环研究的现状与趋势[M].地质出版社,2001.
[17] Wang, H.F & J. Peraric. Introduction to Groundwater Modeling[M]. W. H. Freeman company ,1982.
[18] Illangasekare, T.&H. J. Morel-seytoux. Stream-Aquifer Influence Coefficients as Tools for Simulation and Management. Water Resources Research, 1982, 18, (1).
[19] Eddebbarh, Al, Carlson, Fritz, Hemker, C.J. Groundwater modeling using an integrated large-capacity finite-element model for multiple aquifer groundwater flow.Proceedings of the 1996 Symposium on Subsurface Fluid Flow Modeling, Jun 22-231996, I:(22-23).
[20] Hsieh PA, Freckleton. Documentation of a computer program to simulate horizontal-flow barriers using the U.S. Geological Survey's modular three-dimensional finite-difference ground-water flow model[R]. U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report, 1993,92-477.
[21]陈崇希等.地下水开采一地面沉降数值模拟及防治对策研究[M].中国地质大学出版,2001.
[22] Shu guang Li and Xue qing Zhou. Stochastic theory for irregulary streammodeling: Solute Transport [J]. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 1997,(7).
[23]薛禹群,谢春红.水文地质学的数值法[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1980.
[24]钱家忠,汪家权.合肥工业大学出版社,中国北方型裂隙岩溶水模拟及水环境质量评价[M].合肥:2003.
[25] Shu Guang Li and Dennis McLaughlin. A Non-stationary Spectral Method forSolving Stochastic Groundwater Problems: Unconditional Analysis[R]. Water ResourcesResearch,1991,27(7):1589-1605.
[26] Harbaugh. A.W.and McDonald. M.Cz Programmer's Documentation for Modflow,An update to the U.S.Geological Survey Modular Finite-Difference Ground-Water Flow Model[R]. U.S.G S.,Open-file Report, 1996, 96-486.
[27]武强,董东林,武钢,刘金韬.水资源评价的可视化专业软件(Visual Modflow)与应用潜力[J].水文地质工程地质.1999 (5): 21-23.
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