基于延迟策略的SR公司生产组织方式优化研究
摘要
随着世界经济全球化的不断发展,企业间的竞争日趋激烈,产品的供大于求的现象越来越突出。特别是去年下半年的全球金融危机,已经逐步影响到实体经济中来,许多外向型企业为了生存也转向了国内市场,使国内的中小企业面临着巨大的竞争压力。随着人才的不断流动,技术的同质化倾向越来越明显。而消费者需求出现了个性化和多元化的趋势,传统的标准化、大批量的生产方式受到了前所未有的挑战,产品价格、产品质量、企业响应客户需求能力以及服务水平已经成为反映产品竞争力的主要方面。
本文首先介绍了大规模定制和延迟策略的定义及研究现状;其次介绍了客户订单分离点的概述及分类;又介绍了基于模块化的产品设计原则;最后介绍了基于延迟策略的供应链管理。
本文以山东SR公司为研究对象,对该公司最主要的产品以一体化激光夜视仪遇到的问题进行了的分析。该产品随着竞争的不断加剧,客户定制化要求越来越高,公司面临着交货期变长,成本变高等问题,销售不断的下降。必须要对原有的生产组织方式进行优化改进以适应新的形势。
本文在借鉴国内外学者研究成果的基础上,首先对客户的定制要求进行了分析归纳,然后对产品进行了模块化设计,分析了每个模块的生产流程和生产周期,根据不同的模块分别采用了设计延迟、采购延迟及装配延迟策略,优化了生产流程,使交货周期和库存成本大大降低。
本文通过对山东SR公司一体化激光夜视仪采用延迟策略,可以从降低成本和缩短交货周期大大提高综合竞争力,也为山东SR公司其它产品的应用打下基础。
国内对于延迟策略的研究还处于初步阶段,本文为延迟策略的理论如何和企业运作的实际结合提供案例,为延迟策略在制造业的广泛应用提供参考和借鉴。
With the development of world economy globalization, enterprises competition is becoming more and more fierce, and supply exceeds demand for products is becoming more and more obvious. Especially global financial crisis the second half of last year, which has gradually influenced entity economy, and many export-oriented enterprises turned to domestic market for survival, so that domestic small and medium enterprises are facing high competition pressure. Flowages of personnel make the technology homogenization trend more and more obvious. However, customers' requirements are liable to individuation and diversification, so that traditional standardization and large quantity production mode can't meet this any longer, and products price, quality, requirements customization ability and service are becoming more and more important for products competitive power.
The text firstly introduces mass customization and postponement strategy definition and study status; secondly is Customer Order Decoupling Point summarize and assort; thirdly is products design principle based on modularization; finally it refers to supply chain based on postponement strategy.
The text is studied as Shandong SR Company, and analyses to problems of integrated laser night vision camera, which is main products of SR Company. With the fierce competition and higher customization requirements, SR Company sales amount is decreasing caused by longer delivery time and higher purchase cost.
The text, which is based on reference domestic and foreign scholars study, firstly analyzes to customers' requirements, secondly make modularization design for products, analyzes production process and period for every module, and uses design postpone, purchase postpone, assemble postpone strategy, which can optimize production process and reduce delivery time and storage cost.
The text is studies to Shandong SR Company integrated laser night vision camera using postponement strategy, which can highly promote integration competitive power at decreasing cost and reducing delivery time, and make a good foundation for other products application of SR.
The domestic study of Postponement Strategy is at a primary stage, the text offers theory of postponement strategy and cases of how to operate an enterprise, and also it provides a reference for postponement strategy wide application in manufacturers.
本文首先介绍了大规模定制和延迟策略的定义及研究现状;其次介绍了客户订单分离点的概述及分类;又介绍了基于模块化的产品设计原则;最后介绍了基于延迟策略的供应链管理。
本文以山东SR公司为研究对象,对该公司最主要的产品以一体化激光夜视仪遇到的问题进行了的分析。该产品随着竞争的不断加剧,客户定制化要求越来越高,公司面临着交货期变长,成本变高等问题,销售不断的下降。必须要对原有的生产组织方式进行优化改进以适应新的形势。
本文在借鉴国内外学者研究成果的基础上,首先对客户的定制要求进行了分析归纳,然后对产品进行了模块化设计,分析了每个模块的生产流程和生产周期,根据不同的模块分别采用了设计延迟、采购延迟及装配延迟策略,优化了生产流程,使交货周期和库存成本大大降低。
本文通过对山东SR公司一体化激光夜视仪采用延迟策略,可以从降低成本和缩短交货周期大大提高综合竞争力,也为山东SR公司其它产品的应用打下基础。
国内对于延迟策略的研究还处于初步阶段,本文为延迟策略的理论如何和企业运作的实际结合提供案例,为延迟策略在制造业的广泛应用提供参考和借鉴。
With the development of world economy globalization, enterprises competition is becoming more and more fierce, and supply exceeds demand for products is becoming more and more obvious. Especially global financial crisis the second half of last year, which has gradually influenced entity economy, and many export-oriented enterprises turned to domestic market for survival, so that domestic small and medium enterprises are facing high competition pressure. Flowages of personnel make the technology homogenization trend more and more obvious. However, customers' requirements are liable to individuation and diversification, so that traditional standardization and large quantity production mode can't meet this any longer, and products price, quality, requirements customization ability and service are becoming more and more important for products competitive power.
The text firstly introduces mass customization and postponement strategy definition and study status; secondly is Customer Order Decoupling Point summarize and assort; thirdly is products design principle based on modularization; finally it refers to supply chain based on postponement strategy.
The text is studied as Shandong SR Company, and analyses to problems of integrated laser night vision camera, which is main products of SR Company. With the fierce competition and higher customization requirements, SR Company sales amount is decreasing caused by longer delivery time and higher purchase cost.
The text, which is based on reference domestic and foreign scholars study, firstly analyzes to customers' requirements, secondly make modularization design for products, analyzes production process and period for every module, and uses design postpone, purchase postpone, assemble postpone strategy, which can optimize production process and reduce delivery time and storage cost.
The text is studies to Shandong SR Company integrated laser night vision camera using postponement strategy, which can highly promote integration competitive power at decreasing cost and reducing delivery time, and make a good foundation for other products application of SR.
The domestic study of Postponement Strategy is at a primary stage, the text offers theory of postponement strategy and cases of how to operate an enterprise, and also it provides a reference for postponement strategy wide application in manufacturers.
引文
[1]约瑟夫派恩二世.大规模定制-企业竞争的新前沿[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2000
[2]迈克尔波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,2003
[3]祁国宁,杨青海.大批量定制生产模式综述[J].中国机械工程,2004(15)
[4]Zeithmal.A Exploratory Study of Customer Value[J].Channels Journal of Marketing Research,1994(5)
[5]庄晶,王宁生.面向大规模定制的供应链管理研究[J].现代管理,2003(7)
[6]付秋芳,马士华,林勇.基于时间竞争的即时顾客化定制供应链管理模式研究[J].企业经济,2005(2)
[7]韩睿,田志龙.延迟制造-供应链管理下的大规模定制技术[J].中国流通经济,2002(1)
[8]杨瑾,赵浩正,王娟茹.客户化供应链的延迟策略[J].工业工程与管理,2005(4)
[9]A jayJoneja,Neville Lee.A case study for flexible assembly tools for mass customization[J].IIE Transaetions,1998,30.
[10]Sameer Prasad,Jasmine Tata,Manu Madan.Build to order supply chains in developed and developing countries[J].Journal of Operations Management,2005(23)
[11]王关义.生产管理[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004
[12]Pine,B.J II.Mass Customization:The New Frontier in Business[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1993
[13]Anderson D.M.Agile product development for mass customization[M]Chicago:IRWIN Professional Publishing,1997
[14]祁国宁,顾新建,谭建荣.大批量定制技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[15]李仁旺.面向大批定制的产品建模[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[16]Alderson W.Marketing Efficiency and the Principle of Postponement[M]. Cost and Profit Outlook,1950
[17].Bueklin,L.P.Postponement,Speculation and the Structure of Distribution Channels[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1965(4)
[18]Whitney,Daniel Manufacturing by Design[J].Harvard Business Review,1988,66(4)
[19]Zinn,W.andBowersox.Planning Physical Distribution with the Principle of Postponement[J].Journal of Business Logistic,1988,9(2)
[20].Pagh,J.and CooPer,M.Supply chain Postponement and speculation strategies:How to choose the right strategy[J].Journal of Business Logistics,1988,9(2)
[21]Lee,H.L.,Billington,C.and Carter,B.Hewlett Packard gains control of inventory and service through design for localization[J].Interfaces,1993,23(4)
[22].Ernst,R.and Kamrad,B.Evaluation of supply chain structures through modularization and Postponement[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2000(6)
[23]Van Hoek,R.I.Postponed Manufacturing:a Case Study in the Food Supply Chain[J].Supply Chain Management,1997(2)
[24]Van Hoek,R.I.Reconfiguring the Supply Chain to Implement Postponed Manufacturing[J].The International Journal of logistics management,1998(1)
[25]Van Hoek,R.I.Logistics and Virtual Integration,outsourcing,postponement and the Flow of Information[J].Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management.1998,(7)
[26]汪敏,霍国庆,延迟策略及其在供应链中的应用分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(9)
[27]刘枚莲,肖岳峰.基于供应链的延迟制造[J].管理评论,2003(11)
[28]康凯,刘秋平,张志颖.企业延迟策略与需求不确定性的关系研究[J].河北工业大学学报,2003,32(5)
[29]王海军,马士华,周晓.基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J].技术进步与对策,2004(1)
[30]文坚,马士华.基于时间延迟的订单分批策略研究[J].物流技术与应用,2005(4)
[31]邵晓峰,季建华.大规模定制中延迟策略对库存成本的影响[J].工程理论方法应用,2004(5)
[32]赵艳萍,韩玉启,季敏.基于延迟策略的虚拟企业生产计划与控制模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(24)
[33]杨瑾,赵嵩正,王娟茹.供应链中的延迟策略[J].业工程与管理,2005(4)
[34]孙先锦.利用延迟策略优化大规模定制生产系统[J].中央财经大学学报,2006(6)
[35]张志亮,于海江.大批量定制下供应链节点企业间的订单处理过程[J].现代制造工程,2006(10)
[36]王化平,计国君.基于AHP解决客户订单分离点的定位问题[J].物流技术,2006(6)
[37]张宝洲.基于客户订单分离点的物流服务模式研究[J].物流科技,2006(5)
[38]柳键.延迟制造的分离点定位及其形式选择研究[J].江苏商论,2004(1)
[39]Sharman,G.The rediscovery of logistics[J].Harvard Business Review,1984,62(5)
[40]马士华,董凤娜.信息流分离点与物流分离点相结合的物流敏捷性研究[J].工业工程与管理,2006(2)
[41]王海军,马士华,周晓.基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J].科技进步与对策,2004(1)
[42]王化平,计国君,基于AHP解决客户订单分离点的定位问题[J].物流技术,2006(6)
[43]徐建平,杨善祥,基于客户化供应链的延迟生产模式研究[J].物流技术,2004(3)
[44]李仁旺,林贵校,祁国宁等.大批量定制产品总成本构成模型研究[[J].华中科技大学学报,2001(5)
[45]李敏,徐福缘,顾新建.大批量定制及其产品与过程基成优化模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2002(9)
[46]苏秦,王刊良,孙敬春.敏捷制造环境下的产品模块化[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001(1)
[47]Sameer Prasad,Jasmine Tara,Manu Madan.Build to order supply chains in developed and developing countries[J].Journal of Operations Management,2005(2)
[48]刘枚莲,肖岳峰.基于供应链的延迟制造[J].管理评论,2003(11)
[49]马士华,沈玲.基于时间竞争的Push＆Pull供应链运营机制[J].管理学报,2005(3)
[2]迈克尔波特.竞争战略[M].北京:华夏出版社,2003
[3]祁国宁,杨青海.大批量定制生产模式综述[J].中国机械工程,2004(15)
[4]Zeithmal.A Exploratory Study of Customer Value[J].Channels Journal of Marketing Research,1994(5)
[5]庄晶,王宁生.面向大规模定制的供应链管理研究[J].现代管理,2003(7)
[6]付秋芳,马士华,林勇.基于时间竞争的即时顾客化定制供应链管理模式研究[J].企业经济,2005(2)
[7]韩睿,田志龙.延迟制造-供应链管理下的大规模定制技术[J].中国流通经济,2002(1)
[8]杨瑾,赵浩正,王娟茹.客户化供应链的延迟策略[J].工业工程与管理,2005(4)
[9]A jayJoneja,Neville Lee.A case study for flexible assembly tools for mass customization[J].IIE Transaetions,1998,30.
[10]Sameer Prasad,Jasmine Tata,Manu Madan.Build to order supply chains in developed and developing countries[J].Journal of Operations Management,2005(23)
[11]王关义.生产管理[M].北京:经济管理出版社,2004
[12]Pine,B.J II.Mass Customization:The New Frontier in Business[M].Boston:Harvard Business School Press,1993
[13]Anderson D.M.Agile product development for mass customization[M]Chicago:IRWIN Professional Publishing,1997
[14]祁国宁,顾新建,谭建荣.大批量定制技术及其应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[15]李仁旺.面向大批定制的产品建模[M].北京:科学出版社,2005
[16]Alderson W.Marketing Efficiency and the Principle of Postponement[M]. Cost and Profit Outlook,1950
[17].Bueklin,L.P.Postponement,Speculation and the Structure of Distribution Channels[J].Journal of Marketing Research,1965(4)
[18]Whitney,Daniel Manufacturing by Design[J].Harvard Business Review,1988,66(4)
[19]Zinn,W.andBowersox.Planning Physical Distribution with the Principle of Postponement[J].Journal of Business Logistic,1988,9(2)
[20].Pagh,J.and CooPer,M.Supply chain Postponement and speculation strategies:How to choose the right strategy[J].Journal of Business Logistics,1988,9(2)
[21]Lee,H.L.,Billington,C.and Carter,B.Hewlett Packard gains control of inventory and service through design for localization[J].Interfaces,1993,23(4)
[22].Ernst,R.and Kamrad,B.Evaluation of supply chain structures through modularization and Postponement[J].European Journal of Operational Research,2000(6)
[23]Van Hoek,R.I.Postponed Manufacturing:a Case Study in the Food Supply Chain[J].Supply Chain Management,1997(2)
[24]Van Hoek,R.I.Reconfiguring the Supply Chain to Implement Postponed Manufacturing[J].The International Journal of logistics management,1998(1)
[25]Van Hoek,R.I.Logistics and Virtual Integration,outsourcing,postponement and the Flow of Information[J].Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management.1998,(7)
[26]汪敏,霍国庆,延迟策略及其在供应链中的应用分析[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2002(9)
[27]刘枚莲,肖岳峰.基于供应链的延迟制造[J].管理评论,2003(11)
[28]康凯,刘秋平,张志颖.企业延迟策略与需求不确定性的关系研究[J].河北工业大学学报,2003,32(5)
[29]王海军,马士华,周晓.基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J].技术进步与对策,2004(1)
[30]文坚,马士华.基于时间延迟的订单分批策略研究[J].物流技术与应用,2005(4)
[31]邵晓峰,季建华.大规模定制中延迟策略对库存成本的影响[J].工程理论方法应用,2004(5)
[32]赵艳萍,韩玉启,季敏.基于延迟策略的虚拟企业生产计划与控制模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2005,16(24)
[33]杨瑾,赵嵩正,王娟茹.供应链中的延迟策略[J].业工程与管理,2005(4)
[34]孙先锦.利用延迟策略优化大规模定制生产系统[J].中央财经大学学报,2006(6)
[35]张志亮,于海江.大批量定制下供应链节点企业间的订单处理过程[J].现代制造工程,2006(10)
[36]王化平,计国君.基于AHP解决客户订单分离点的定位问题[J].物流技术,2006(6)
[37]张宝洲.基于客户订单分离点的物流服务模式研究[J].物流科技,2006(5)
[38]柳键.延迟制造的分离点定位及其形式选择研究[J].江苏商论,2004(1)
[39]Sharman,G.The rediscovery of logistics[J].Harvard Business Review,1984,62(5)
[40]马士华,董凤娜.信息流分离点与物流分离点相结合的物流敏捷性研究[J].工业工程与管理,2006(2)
[41]王海军,马士华,周晓.基于客户订单分离点的延迟制造再分类研究[J].科技进步与对策,2004(1)
[42]王化平,计国君,基于AHP解决客户订单分离点的定位问题[J].物流技术,2006(6)
[43]徐建平,杨善祥,基于客户化供应链的延迟生产模式研究[J].物流技术,2004(3)
[44]李仁旺,林贵校,祁国宁等.大批量定制产品总成本构成模型研究[[J].华中科技大学学报,2001(5)
[45]李敏,徐福缘,顾新建.大批量定制及其产品与过程基成优化模型研究[J].中国机械工程,2002(9)
[46]苏秦,王刊良,孙敬春.敏捷制造环境下的产品模块化[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术,2001(1)
[47]Sameer Prasad,Jasmine Tara,Manu Madan.Build to order supply chains in developed and developing countries[J].Journal of Operations Management,2005(2)
[48]刘枚莲,肖岳峰.基于供应链的延迟制造[J].管理评论,2003(11)
[49]马士华,沈玲.基于时间竞争的Push＆Pull供应链运营机制[J].管理学报,2005(3)