城市水系规划的环境学途径研究及应用
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摘要
随着我国城市化的高速发展,城市水系越来越受到关注,城市水系是城市中自然与人工的结合点,可以满足城市居民对自然的向往,对城市发展有重要意义。科学合理的城市水系规划可以优化配置城市资源,改善城市环境,提升城市功能和竞争力,以实现城市的可持续发展。
目前,传统城市水系规划存在的问题引起了国内外的关注。本文分析了城市水系的发展和演变,通过对古代城市水系和现代城市水系在城市中的功能以及水与城关系的阐述,论证了城市水系对城市发展的重要作用。本文对国内外城市水系规划的相关理论和实践进行了分析和研究,包括:城市水生态系统理论、景观生态学理论、生态修复理论等,并在此基础上提出了环境学途径,即环境学途径是一种方法论,包括环境系统的思想、环境学的分析方法和环境友好的技术措施。环境学途径是在当今环境问题突出,环境质量严重下降的背景下提出的,是符合可持续发展理念的一种途径。在环境学途径的基础上,进一步提出城市水系规划的环境学途径,就是将环境学途径的方法论体系应用到城市水系规划中,包括三个层次,即构建城市水生态系统、基于GIS的格局分析、以生态修复为主的措施。在城市水系规划的环境学途径理论框架的上,对其三个层次的分析方法进行了详尽的阐述,形成了系统的理论体系。
本文将城市水系规划的环境学途径应用到衡水市水系规划案例中,通过构建衡水市水系格局与功能密切联系的水生态系统,利用GIS平台,对衡水市水安全格局、水资源格局、水环境格局、水景观格局、水文化格局、水经济格局进行了深入的分析,识别了衡水市水系存在的主要问题是衡水市水资源、水环境水平不能满足水景观、水文化、水经济提升的需要。针对这一主要矛盾,结合生态修复技术及水资源综合利用规划,提出了衡水市水系规划的措施。城市水系规划的环境学途径对衡水市水系规划有重要的指导作用,规划中的一些建议和措施已付诸实施,更加应证了城市水系规划的环境学途径的合理性以及可操作性,是可持续的、环境友好的城市水系规划途径。
With the rapid development of urbanization, people pay more and more attention on urban water system. Urban water system,the combination of natural and artificial parts of city,can meet urban residents’desire for nature and plays a significant role in urban development. Scientific and rational urban water system planning can optimize the distribution of urban resources, improve the urban environment, enhance urban functions and competitiveness, and contribute to sustainable development of cities.
At present, the problems of traditional urban water system planning have caused concern of scholars home and abroad. The development and evolution of the city water system was analyzed in this paper. The important role urban water system played in urban development was demonstrated by the discussion of the functions the ancient urban water system and the modern urban water system owned and relationship between water and city. The theory and practice related to urban water system planning were analyzed and studied in this paper, including urban water ecosystem theory, landscape ecology and ecological restoration theory. And Environmental approach was proposed based on the analysis and study. Environmental approach is a methodology, including the thought of environmental system, the analysis of environmental science and environmental-friendly technical measures. Environmental approach was proposed in the situation of lots of environmental problems and a serious decline in environmental quality. It is an approach of sustainable development. Environmental approach of urban water system planning is the methodology of applying environmental approach to the urban water system planning, including three levels: construction of urban water ecosystem, GIS-based pattern analysis and ecological restoration measures. Then a theoretical system was formed on the basis of the theoretical framework of environmental approach of urban water system planning, and the elaboration of the analysis methods of three levels.
Environmental approach of urban water system planning was applied to the case of Hengshui water system planning in this paper. Through constructing water ecosystem of Hengshui combined by water system pattern and function, and using GIS to analyze water security pattern, water resources pattern, water environment attern, water landscape pattern, water cultural pattern and water economic pattern, we found out that the principal contradiction of Hengshui’s water system was that the level of the water resources and water environment can’t meet the needs of ascending water landscape, water culture and water economy. In view of this principal contradiction, Hengshui water system planning measures were proposed combined with technology and comprehensive utilization of water resources planning. Environmental approach of urban water system planning played a significant role in guiding the planning.
目前,传统城市水系规划存在的问题引起了国内外的关注。本文分析了城市水系的发展和演变,通过对古代城市水系和现代城市水系在城市中的功能以及水与城关系的阐述,论证了城市水系对城市发展的重要作用。本文对国内外城市水系规划的相关理论和实践进行了分析和研究,包括:城市水生态系统理论、景观生态学理论、生态修复理论等,并在此基础上提出了环境学途径,即环境学途径是一种方法论,包括环境系统的思想、环境学的分析方法和环境友好的技术措施。环境学途径是在当今环境问题突出,环境质量严重下降的背景下提出的,是符合可持续发展理念的一种途径。在环境学途径的基础上,进一步提出城市水系规划的环境学途径,就是将环境学途径的方法论体系应用到城市水系规划中,包括三个层次,即构建城市水生态系统、基于GIS的格局分析、以生态修复为主的措施。在城市水系规划的环境学途径理论框架的上,对其三个层次的分析方法进行了详尽的阐述,形成了系统的理论体系。
本文将城市水系规划的环境学途径应用到衡水市水系规划案例中,通过构建衡水市水系格局与功能密切联系的水生态系统,利用GIS平台,对衡水市水安全格局、水资源格局、水环境格局、水景观格局、水文化格局、水经济格局进行了深入的分析,识别了衡水市水系存在的主要问题是衡水市水资源、水环境水平不能满足水景观、水文化、水经济提升的需要。针对这一主要矛盾,结合生态修复技术及水资源综合利用规划,提出了衡水市水系规划的措施。城市水系规划的环境学途径对衡水市水系规划有重要的指导作用,规划中的一些建议和措施已付诸实施,更加应证了城市水系规划的环境学途径的合理性以及可操作性,是可持续的、环境友好的城市水系规划途径。
With the rapid development of urbanization, people pay more and more attention on urban water system. Urban water system,the combination of natural and artificial parts of city,can meet urban residents’desire for nature and plays a significant role in urban development. Scientific and rational urban water system planning can optimize the distribution of urban resources, improve the urban environment, enhance urban functions and competitiveness, and contribute to sustainable development of cities.
At present, the problems of traditional urban water system planning have caused concern of scholars home and abroad. The development and evolution of the city water system was analyzed in this paper. The important role urban water system played in urban development was demonstrated by the discussion of the functions the ancient urban water system and the modern urban water system owned and relationship between water and city. The theory and practice related to urban water system planning were analyzed and studied in this paper, including urban water ecosystem theory, landscape ecology and ecological restoration theory. And Environmental approach was proposed based on the analysis and study. Environmental approach is a methodology, including the thought of environmental system, the analysis of environmental science and environmental-friendly technical measures. Environmental approach was proposed in the situation of lots of environmental problems and a serious decline in environmental quality. It is an approach of sustainable development. Environmental approach of urban water system planning is the methodology of applying environmental approach to the urban water system planning, including three levels: construction of urban water ecosystem, GIS-based pattern analysis and ecological restoration measures. Then a theoretical system was formed on the basis of the theoretical framework of environmental approach of urban water system planning, and the elaboration of the analysis methods of three levels.
Environmental approach of urban water system planning was applied to the case of Hengshui water system planning in this paper. Through constructing water ecosystem of Hengshui combined by water system pattern and function, and using GIS to analyze water security pattern, water resources pattern, water environment attern, water landscape pattern, water cultural pattern and water economic pattern, we found out that the principal contradiction of Hengshui’s water system was that the level of the water resources and water environment can’t meet the needs of ascending water landscape, water culture and water economy. In view of this principal contradiction, Hengshui water system planning measures were proposed combined with technology and comprehensive utilization of water resources planning. Environmental approach of urban water system planning played a significant role in guiding the planning.
引文
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[8]Wu Q Z. Urban Canal systems in ancient China[J]. Journal of South China University of Technology, 2007, 35(10): 61-69.
[9]朱丽芳.江南水网地区中小城市道路网规划研究[D].上海:同济大学, 2003.
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[13]李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000.
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[18]吴李艳,柳海宁,黄淇.基于绿道理论的城市水系与滨水区规划模式[J].浙江万里学院学报, 2009, 22(5): 73-77.
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[20]Schmitt T G. Integrated storm water management in urban areas[J]. European Water Pollution Control, 1996, 6(3): 14-20.
[21]Robertson A I, Rowling R W. Effects of livestock on riparian zone vegetation in an Australian dryland river[J]. Regulated Rivers: Research & Management, 2000, 16(5): 527-541.
[22]Angela T B. Undamming rivers: a review of the ecological impacts of dam removal[J]. Environmental Management, 2001, 27(6): 803-814.
[23]Hession W C, Johnson T E, Charles D F, et al. Ecological benefits of riparian reforestation in urban watersheds: study design and preliminary result[J]. The Journal of Chinese Geography, 1999, 19(2): 155-162.
[24]Grigor’ev A S, Trapeznikov Y A. Level of lake ladoga at possible climate changes[J]. Water Resources, 2002, 29(2): 174-178.
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