轿车发动机变工作排量技术与应用研究
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摘要
本文针对发动机停缸技术存在的气缸偏磨、温度变化大和停缸前后冲击的缺点,提出了变工作排量(VPD)的新思路,研究了变工作排量的控制与应用问题。设计了“循环”、“交替”、“均匀”地停缸的VPD模式。应用模糊识别与控制理论,研究了汽车行驶工况模糊判断、驾驶员意图模糊识别,以及模糊控制策略设计等方法与技术。以英飞凌XC164CM单片机为核心,设计制作了变工作排量控制器样品,并安装在捷达轿车上进行了实车道路试验。
主要研究内容如下:
(1)研究了发动机VPD模式设计问题,提出VPD模式的设计原则和设计方法,以及VPD模式的磨损均匀性,操作灵敏性,运转平稳性等评价原则。根据发动机气缸布量形式,分别设计了直列4缸、直列6缸、V型6缸和V型8缸发动机的工作排量变化模式。
(2)研究了发动机输出特性的热力学仿真方法。利用热力学仿真的零维模型和Adams/Engine模块,对发动机稳定运转工况下的动力输出进行了模拟计算。将这种方法应用于捷达轿车,用仿真方法计算了发动机输出转矩和功率随转速和节气门开度变化的MAP图。
(3)利用模糊推理与控制理论,研究了识别汽车行驶工况的模糊判断方法。将复杂的汽车行驶工况按照动力学特征整合成7种相互独立的工况,将汽车传感器输出参数模糊化后,建立了判断汽车行驶工况的模糊模型和推理规则,给出了行驶工况判断方法。
(4)将模糊识别与控制理论应用于驾驶员意图识别。将驾驶员意图归结为5种量化的加速意图。将相对节气门开度和节气门开度变化率模糊化后,建立了模糊推理模型和模糊推理规则库。为检验其正确性,利用MATLAB/Fuzzy Logic工具箱对驾驶员意图识别进行了仿真。结果证明,所建立的模糊模型和推理规则能够准确识别驾驶员意图。
(5)设计了选择VPD模式的模糊控制策略。将车速、档位、汽车行驶工况和驾驶员意图作为选择VPD模式的依据,提出了模糊控制原则,设计了各种行驶工况下,不同车速、档位和驾驶员意图的控制策略。
(6)利用VPD理论和行驶工况判断、驾驶员意图识别、控制策略设计等技术,设计并制作了以英飞凌XC164CM为核心的VPD控制器样品,编制了软件程序,并在厂家提供的开发平台中完成调试和编译。
(7)将研究的理论和控制技术应用于捷达轿车。进行了发动机变工作排量台架试验和整车节油效果道路试验。台架试验验证了所设计的VPD模式的可行性和有效性;道路试验对比了全排量与变排量运转的燃油消耗。试验表明,在汽车上应用VPD理论和控制技术,不仅具有明显的节油效果,而且有效地避免了行驶冲击、气缸偏磨和温度变化大等缺点。
本文所研究的变工作排量理论、应用模糊理论判定汽车行驶工况、识别驾驶员意图的方法、以及VPD模糊控制策略等技术,对研究汽车节油技术具有较强的理论指导意义和工程实用价值。
To overcome the defaults of offset wearing, cylinder temperature varying and shock at varying cylinder of engine, the author raises a new idea about variable power displacement (VPD) engine and has done much studying work on the control technology and application of VPD. The varying cylinder models have been designed which pause cylinder power circulated, alternately, and regularly. With the theory of fuzzy identification and fuzzy control, the author has studied the judging method of car running state, the technologies of fuzzy identifying driver’s intention and the fuzzy control strategies. Taking the Infineon XC164CM microprocessor as key component, samples of VPD controller have been designed and made. One of a sample was installed on Jetta car, and many tests have been done on road to detect its function.
Main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1)Theoretical problems of engine VPD model have been studied. The design rules and design methods of VPD model are given. The wear homogenization, operating flexibility and rotating stability are used to assess the VPD model. According to the arrangement of cylinders, VPD models of L4, L6, V6 and V8 engine have been designed respectively.
(2)The method of thermodynamic simulation about engine output properties has been studied. Using the zero-dimension simulation model of thermodynamics and Adams/Engine module, the power output under stable rotating condition of engine has been simulated and calculated. Taking an example of Jetta car, the output torque MAP and power MAP are calculated with the simulation method. The MAPs change with engine rotating speed and throttle opening degree.
(3)Using fuzzy reasoning and control theory, the fuzzy judging method for running states of motorcar have been studied. According to the dynamic characteristics, classified the complicated running states of motorcar into 7 kinds of independent conditions. After fuzzification of parameters from car sensors, fuzzy model and rules are created to identify running states of motorcar. The judging method for identifying the running state of motorcar is given.
(4)Apply the fuzzy identification and control theory into identifying driver's intention. Classify the driver's intention into 5 numerical accelerating intentions. Fuzzificationing the relative throttle percentage and the change rate of throttle opening, fuzzy inference model and rules are created. Using Matlab/Fuzzy Logic workbox, simulation of identifying driver's intention is done to detecting correctness of the method. The simulating result indicates that the fuzzy model and inference rules can reflect driver's intention accurately.
(5) The fuzzy control strategies have been designed for choosing VDP model. The car speed, gearshift, running state and driver's intention have been taken as basis for choosing VDP model. Fuzzy control rules and control strategies under different running condition, speed, gearshift and driver's intention have been designed.
(6) The VPD controller samples has been designed and made using the VPD theory and the technologies of judging car running states, the recognizing driver’s intention and control strategies. Which is centered-XC164CM microprocessor. The programming software is completed on the developing platform which was provided by the OEM of XC164CM.
(7)The theory and technique are applied into the Jetta car. The indoor tests of engine and road tests of car with VPD controller sample were done. The engine test result validates the feasibility and validity of VPD. The road tests compare the fuel consumption of different power displacement. The test results show that a car applied VPD technology not only consumes less fuel obviously, but also reduces cylinder offset wear and cylinder temperature changing.
The VPD theory and techniques of using fuzzy theory to judge car running state and to identify driver’s intention are very useful. All of the techniques have theoretical significance and practical value in engineering.
主要研究内容如下:
(1)研究了发动机VPD模式设计问题,提出VPD模式的设计原则和设计方法,以及VPD模式的磨损均匀性,操作灵敏性,运转平稳性等评价原则。根据发动机气缸布量形式,分别设计了直列4缸、直列6缸、V型6缸和V型8缸发动机的工作排量变化模式。
(2)研究了发动机输出特性的热力学仿真方法。利用热力学仿真的零维模型和Adams/Engine模块,对发动机稳定运转工况下的动力输出进行了模拟计算。将这种方法应用于捷达轿车,用仿真方法计算了发动机输出转矩和功率随转速和节气门开度变化的MAP图。
(3)利用模糊推理与控制理论,研究了识别汽车行驶工况的模糊判断方法。将复杂的汽车行驶工况按照动力学特征整合成7种相互独立的工况,将汽车传感器输出参数模糊化后,建立了判断汽车行驶工况的模糊模型和推理规则,给出了行驶工况判断方法。
(4)将模糊识别与控制理论应用于驾驶员意图识别。将驾驶员意图归结为5种量化的加速意图。将相对节气门开度和节气门开度变化率模糊化后,建立了模糊推理模型和模糊推理规则库。为检验其正确性,利用MATLAB/Fuzzy Logic工具箱对驾驶员意图识别进行了仿真。结果证明,所建立的模糊模型和推理规则能够准确识别驾驶员意图。
(5)设计了选择VPD模式的模糊控制策略。将车速、档位、汽车行驶工况和驾驶员意图作为选择VPD模式的依据,提出了模糊控制原则,设计了各种行驶工况下,不同车速、档位和驾驶员意图的控制策略。
(6)利用VPD理论和行驶工况判断、驾驶员意图识别、控制策略设计等技术,设计并制作了以英飞凌XC164CM为核心的VPD控制器样品,编制了软件程序,并在厂家提供的开发平台中完成调试和编译。
(7)将研究的理论和控制技术应用于捷达轿车。进行了发动机变工作排量台架试验和整车节油效果道路试验。台架试验验证了所设计的VPD模式的可行性和有效性;道路试验对比了全排量与变排量运转的燃油消耗。试验表明,在汽车上应用VPD理论和控制技术,不仅具有明显的节油效果,而且有效地避免了行驶冲击、气缸偏磨和温度变化大等缺点。
本文所研究的变工作排量理论、应用模糊理论判定汽车行驶工况、识别驾驶员意图的方法、以及VPD模糊控制策略等技术,对研究汽车节油技术具有较强的理论指导意义和工程实用价值。
To overcome the defaults of offset wearing, cylinder temperature varying and shock at varying cylinder of engine, the author raises a new idea about variable power displacement (VPD) engine and has done much studying work on the control technology and application of VPD. The varying cylinder models have been designed which pause cylinder power circulated, alternately, and regularly. With the theory of fuzzy identification and fuzzy control, the author has studied the judging method of car running state, the technologies of fuzzy identifying driver’s intention and the fuzzy control strategies. Taking the Infineon XC164CM microprocessor as key component, samples of VPD controller have been designed and made. One of a sample was installed on Jetta car, and many tests have been done on road to detect its function.
Main contents of this paper are as follows:
(1)Theoretical problems of engine VPD model have been studied. The design rules and design methods of VPD model are given. The wear homogenization, operating flexibility and rotating stability are used to assess the VPD model. According to the arrangement of cylinders, VPD models of L4, L6, V6 and V8 engine have been designed respectively.
(2)The method of thermodynamic simulation about engine output properties has been studied. Using the zero-dimension simulation model of thermodynamics and Adams/Engine module, the power output under stable rotating condition of engine has been simulated and calculated. Taking an example of Jetta car, the output torque MAP and power MAP are calculated with the simulation method. The MAPs change with engine rotating speed and throttle opening degree.
(3)Using fuzzy reasoning and control theory, the fuzzy judging method for running states of motorcar have been studied. According to the dynamic characteristics, classified the complicated running states of motorcar into 7 kinds of independent conditions. After fuzzification of parameters from car sensors, fuzzy model and rules are created to identify running states of motorcar. The judging method for identifying the running state of motorcar is given.
(4)Apply the fuzzy identification and control theory into identifying driver's intention. Classify the driver's intention into 5 numerical accelerating intentions. Fuzzificationing the relative throttle percentage and the change rate of throttle opening, fuzzy inference model and rules are created. Using Matlab/Fuzzy Logic workbox, simulation of identifying driver's intention is done to detecting correctness of the method. The simulating result indicates that the fuzzy model and inference rules can reflect driver's intention accurately.
(5) The fuzzy control strategies have been designed for choosing VDP model. The car speed, gearshift, running state and driver's intention have been taken as basis for choosing VDP model. Fuzzy control rules and control strategies under different running condition, speed, gearshift and driver's intention have been designed.
(6) The VPD controller samples has been designed and made using the VPD theory and the technologies of judging car running states, the recognizing driver’s intention and control strategies. Which is centered-XC164CM microprocessor. The programming software is completed on the developing platform which was provided by the OEM of XC164CM.
(7)The theory and technique are applied into the Jetta car. The indoor tests of engine and road tests of car with VPD controller sample were done. The engine test result validates the feasibility and validity of VPD. The road tests compare the fuel consumption of different power displacement. The test results show that a car applied VPD technology not only consumes less fuel obviously, but also reduces cylinder offset wear and cylinder temperature changing.
The VPD theory and techniques of using fuzzy theory to judge car running state and to identify driver’s intention are very useful. All of the techniques have theoretical significance and practical value in engineering.
引文
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73 Klaus Mollenhauer. Diesel Handbuch. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 56-76
74 Gao Zongying, Su Ping, Mei Deqing. Fuel Injection System to Meet Future Requirements for Diesel Engines. Pohang: ICAE-2003: 58-68
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76 J H Johnson. A Review of Diesel Particulate Control Technology and Emissions Effects. SAE Paper 940233, 1994: 65-98
77 Liu Xunjun. Exhaust Emission Standards and Regulations for Automotive Diesel Engines in China and Necessary Technical Progresses. Proceedings of the International Conference on Internal Combustion Engines. Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 1997.114-120
78 F Pischinger. Verbrennungsmotoren(BandⅡ). Aachen: RWTH Aachen, 1993: 69-98
79 K Mori. Worldwide Trends in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust Emission Legislation and Compliance Technologies. SAE Paper970753, 1997: 59-85
80 P Degobert. Automobiles and Pollution. Warrendale: SAE Inc., 1995: 56-69
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82 C.D. Rakopoulos, K.A. Antonopoulos, D.C. Rakopoulos, etc. Multi-zone modeling of combustion and emissions formation in DI diesel engine operating on ethanol–diesel fuel blends. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008, 49(4): 625-643
83 Can Ha?imo?lu, Murat Ciniviz, ?brahim ?zsert, etc. Performance characteristics of a low heat rejection diesel engine operating with biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 2008, 33(7): 1709-1715
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86 Zeng Ke, Liu Bing, Huang Zuohua. Design of Electronic Control Unit(ECU)for Gasoline Engines. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2005, 26(10): 27-31
87刘扬,左建,刘建民.汽车发动机电控系统的使用与故障诊断.实用汽车技术, 2003,(7):6-8
88 Shen Shuiwen, Bas Vroemen, Frans Veldpaus. Idle Stop and Go: A Way to Improve Fuel Economy. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2006, 44(6): 449-476
89 Wegener Ulrich. Industrial Engines with Advanced Electronic Control. Diesel ProgressInternational Edition, 2006, 25(3): 40-42
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98 Chen Chibin. Applying Fuzzy Logic Control to Inventory Decision in a Supply Chain. WSEAS, 2006,18(8): 15-20
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73 Klaus Mollenhauer. Diesel Handbuch. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2002: 56-76
74 Gao Zongying, Su Ping, Mei Deqing. Fuel Injection System to Meet Future Requirements for Diesel Engines. Pohang: ICAE-2003: 58-68
75刘启华,高宗英.二冲程汽油机电控燃油喷射系统的实验研究.内燃机工程, 1997, 18(1):41~ 46
76 J H Johnson. A Review of Diesel Particulate Control Technology and Emissions Effects. SAE Paper 940233, 1994: 65-98
77 Liu Xunjun. Exhaust Emission Standards and Regulations for Automotive Diesel Engines in China and Necessary Technical Progresses. Proceedings of the International Conference on Internal Combustion Engines. Beijing: International Academic Publishers, 1997.114-120
78 F Pischinger. Verbrennungsmotoren(BandⅡ). Aachen: RWTH Aachen, 1993: 69-98
79 K Mori. Worldwide Trends in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust Emission Legislation and Compliance Technologies. SAE Paper970753, 1997: 59-85
80 P Degobert. Automobiles and Pollution. Warrendale: SAE Inc., 1995: 56-69
81杨连生.内燃机性能及其与传动装置的优化匹配.北京:学术期刊出版社,1988. 244-256
82 C.D. Rakopoulos, K.A. Antonopoulos, D.C. Rakopoulos, etc. Multi-zone modeling of combustion and emissions formation in DI diesel engine operating on ethanol–diesel fuel blends. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008, 49(4): 625-643
83 Can Ha?imo?lu, Murat Ciniviz, ?brahim ?zsert, etc. Performance characteristics of a low heat rejection diesel engine operating with biodiesel. Renewable Energy, 2008, 33(7): 1709-1715
84刘晗辉,金惟惟,靳东明.一种用于发动机怠速控制的模糊控制器.微电子学,2007,5(2):25-31
85曹利民.捷达王轿车发动机电控系统原理与检修.汽车维修, 2001, (9):12-13
86 Zeng Ke, Liu Bing, Huang Zuohua. Design of Electronic Control Unit(ECU)for Gasoline Engines. Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering, 2005, 26(10): 27-31
87刘扬,左建,刘建民.汽车发动机电控系统的使用与故障诊断.实用汽车技术, 2003,(7):6-8
88 Shen Shuiwen, Bas Vroemen, Frans Veldpaus. Idle Stop and Go: A Way to Improve Fuel Economy. Vehicle System Dynamics, 2006, 44(6): 449-476
89 Wegener Ulrich. Industrial Engines with Advanced Electronic Control. Diesel ProgressInternational Edition, 2006, 25(3): 40-42
90赵策伟. BJQ-Ⅲ微机自控汽车局部闭缸技术.节能技术, 1990, 5: 25-26
91文舟.捷达前卫发动机电控系统电路图.汽车维修技师, 2001,6: 30-31
92张海涛.发动机停缸控制及其标定. [吉林大学工学硕士论文]. 2002:14-22
93 Chunde Yao, C.S. Cheung, Chuanhui Cheng, etc. Effect of Diesel/methanol compound combustion on Diesel engine combustion and emissions. Energy Conversion and Management, 2008, 49(6): 1696-1704
94 Eric Schueler. Way to Improve Fuel Economy. Sulzer Technical Review, 2006, 88: 19 ~ 21
95 DaeEun Kim, Jaehong Park. Application of adaptive control to the fluctuation of engine speed at idle. Information Sciences, 2007, 177(16): 3341-3355
96 Thomas D. Gillespie.车辆动力学基础.北京:清华大学出版社,2006:17
97 Z. H. Zhang, C. S. Cheung, T. L. Chan, etc. Emission reduction from diesel engine using fumigation methanol and diesel oxidation catalyst. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, 407(15): 4497-4505
98 Chen Chibin. Applying Fuzzy Logic Control to Inventory Decision in a Supply Chain. WSEAS, 2006,18(8): 15-20
99 Wang Zhi, Wang Jianxin, Shuai Shijin, etc. Study of Spark Ignition on Gasoline HCCI Combustion.Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2006, 220(D6): 817-825.
100 Mohamed Y.E. Selim. Effect of engine parameters and gaseous fuel type on the cyclic variability of dual fuel engines. Fuel, 2005, 84(7-8): 961-971
101肖琼,颜伏伍,邹华,等.电控喷油器流量特性试验台的开发与试验分析.中国机械工程, 2005,16(16):1419-1422.
102林铁坚,汪洋,苏万华.高压共轨喷油器设计参数对性能影响的研究.内燃机学报,2001,19 (4): 289-294.