异步电机直接转矩控制系统快速正反转控制策略研究
|
摘要
在分析直接转矩控制工作原理的基础上,针对异步电机经典正反转实现方法存在过渡过程时间长、转矩脉动大、反向起动电流畸变严重等缺点,提出了异步电机直接转矩控制系统快速正反转控制策略,该控制策略利用转子磁链惯性作用,通过控制定、转子磁链位置角的相对关系,使电机输出制动转矩或电动转矩。当要求电机输出电动转矩时,控制定子磁链超前转子磁链旋转;当要求电机输出制动转矩时,控制转子磁链超前定子磁链旋转。通过Bang-Bang控制策略,使电机在正反转过渡过程阶段输出恒定的制动转矩和恒定的反向起动转矩。该控制策略能有效缩短正反转过渡过程时间,反向起动电流畸变小,转矩脉动小,过渡过程平滑,对传动机械装置无冲击,非常适用于要求传动电机经常正反转的生产过程。
针对异步电机直接转矩控制系统低速时转矩脉动大的问题,设计了异步电机直接转矩预测控制策略。该控制策略通过计算在当前控制周期消除转矩误差电压空间矢量需要工作的时间,剩余时间施加零电压空间矢量的方法,降低转矩脉动量,减少电流畸变,改善电机的低速运行性能。
基于MATLAB/Simulink平台分别对摩擦类和位能类恒转矩负载DTC系统正反转控制策略进行了仿真,并对传统控制方法与预测控制方法做了对比仿真研究。仿真结果表明提出的快速正反转控制策略可以使电机输出恒定制动转矩和恒定反向起动转矩,缩短异步电机正反转过渡过程时间,且在整个过渡过程中,定子电流在电机允许最大范围内。采用提出的预测控制策略,有效减小了直接转矩控制系统转矩脉动,改善了定子电流波形,提高了异步电机直接转矩控制系统的性能。最后,在37KW异步电机交流调速实验平台上对提出的快速正反转控制策略进行了实验,实验结果表明提出的正反转控制策略可实现电机快速、平滑正反转,验证了控制策略的有效性和可行性。
At first, the direct torque control (DTC) theory is deeply analyzed in this paper. In order to solve the problem of long reversion interim, large torque ripple and serious distortion of motor's stator current in the process of reversion stage, a control strategy is put forward to realize quick reversion function in induction motor DTC control system. Making use of rotor's inertia, motor outputs driving torque and braking torque by controlling the relative angle position between stator flux and rotor flux. Motor outputs driving torque by keeping stator flux rotating ahead of rotor flux; motor outputs braking torque by keeping stator flux rotating behind of rotor flux. Motor outputs invariable braking torque and reversal start driving torque by bang-bang control strategy, which could shorten the reversion interim and no current distortion of motor's stator at reversal start stage, also reduce torque ripple, without shock to transmission equipment. It is very applicable to production process which request motor's frequent reversion rotate.
Secondly, direct torque predictive control strategy is designed to solve the problems of large torque ripples in traditional IM DTC system. According to this control strategy, working time of voltage space vector in every control period is calculated which can eliminate the torque ripple, motor is given zero voltage space vector in the rest time of present period. The predictive control strategy can reduce torque ripple and stator current's distortion effectively, improve motor's low speed performance.
At last, simulation models of the conventional and predictive DTC system which can realize motor's reversion function are separately established based on the MATLAB/ Simulink platform. Simulation results prove that reversion control strategy can realize motor's quick reversion function with invariable braking torque and reversal start braking torque, also shorten reversion interim without large stator current. Predictive control strategy can restraint torque ripple, reduce stator current's distortion effectively. DTC quick reversion strategy is realized in 37KW IM AC speed regulation experiment platform, the process of reversion is finished slidely in a short time, the results prove the control strategy's effectivity and feasibility.
针对异步电机直接转矩控制系统低速时转矩脉动大的问题,设计了异步电机直接转矩预测控制策略。该控制策略通过计算在当前控制周期消除转矩误差电压空间矢量需要工作的时间,剩余时间施加零电压空间矢量的方法,降低转矩脉动量,减少电流畸变,改善电机的低速运行性能。
基于MATLAB/Simulink平台分别对摩擦类和位能类恒转矩负载DTC系统正反转控制策略进行了仿真,并对传统控制方法与预测控制方法做了对比仿真研究。仿真结果表明提出的快速正反转控制策略可以使电机输出恒定制动转矩和恒定反向起动转矩,缩短异步电机正反转过渡过程时间,且在整个过渡过程中,定子电流在电机允许最大范围内。采用提出的预测控制策略,有效减小了直接转矩控制系统转矩脉动,改善了定子电流波形,提高了异步电机直接转矩控制系统的性能。最后,在37KW异步电机交流调速实验平台上对提出的快速正反转控制策略进行了实验,实验结果表明提出的正反转控制策略可实现电机快速、平滑正反转,验证了控制策略的有效性和可行性。
At first, the direct torque control (DTC) theory is deeply analyzed in this paper. In order to solve the problem of long reversion interim, large torque ripple and serious distortion of motor's stator current in the process of reversion stage, a control strategy is put forward to realize quick reversion function in induction motor DTC control system. Making use of rotor's inertia, motor outputs driving torque and braking torque by controlling the relative angle position between stator flux and rotor flux. Motor outputs driving torque by keeping stator flux rotating ahead of rotor flux; motor outputs braking torque by keeping stator flux rotating behind of rotor flux. Motor outputs invariable braking torque and reversal start driving torque by bang-bang control strategy, which could shorten the reversion interim and no current distortion of motor's stator at reversal start stage, also reduce torque ripple, without shock to transmission equipment. It is very applicable to production process which request motor's frequent reversion rotate.
Secondly, direct torque predictive control strategy is designed to solve the problems of large torque ripples in traditional IM DTC system. According to this control strategy, working time of voltage space vector in every control period is calculated which can eliminate the torque ripple, motor is given zero voltage space vector in the rest time of present period. The predictive control strategy can reduce torque ripple and stator current's distortion effectively, improve motor's low speed performance.
At last, simulation models of the conventional and predictive DTC system which can realize motor's reversion function are separately established based on the MATLAB/ Simulink platform. Simulation results prove that reversion control strategy can realize motor's quick reversion function with invariable braking torque and reversal start braking torque, also shorten reversion interim without large stator current. Predictive control strategy can restraint torque ripple, reduce stator current's distortion effectively. DTC quick reversion strategy is realized in 37KW IM AC speed regulation experiment platform, the process of reversion is finished slidely in a short time, the results prove the control strategy's effectivity and feasibility.
引文
[1]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统分析.北京:清华大学出版社,1993.
[2]许大中.交流电机调速理论[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997:16-30,32
[3]陈伯时.交流电机直接转矩控制综述,中国工控信息网www.7613.com
[4]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1989
[5]DTC与矢量控制.西门子自动化与驱动公司(中国)培训讲义
[6]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统分析(AC Machine and System Analysis).北京:清华大学出版社,1993.
[7]胡虎,李永东.交流电机直接转矩控制策略--现状与趋势.电气传动,2004,11(3):3-8
[8]李夙.异步电动机直接转矩控制.北京:机械工业出版社,1994:30-40,31.
[9]Cristian Lascu,Ion Boldea,Frede Blaabjerg.A Modifed Direct Torque Control for Induction Mortor Sensorless Drive.IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,2000,36(1):122-130
[10]Vas P,Stronach A.F,Neuroth M.Fuzzy Control of DSP-based high-performance induction mortor drive.IEEE Proc Control Theory Appl,1997,144(5):361-368
[11]Vasic Veran,Vukosavic Slobodan N,Levi Emil.A Stator Resistance Estimation Scheme for Speed Sensorless Rotor Flux Oriented Induction Motor Drives.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):476-483
[12]G Garcia Soto,E Mendes and A Razek.Reduced-order observers for rotor flux rotor resistance and speed estimation for vector controlled induction motor drives using the extended Kalman Filter Technique[J].IEEE Pro6Electr Power Appl,1999,146(3):282-288
[13]Pappano V,Lyshevski S E,Friedland B.Parameter identification of induction motors Part 2:Parameter subset identification.IEEE Conf Control Appl Proc,1998,1(1):470-474
[14]TajimaHirokazu,GuidiGiuseppe,UmidaHidetoshi.Consi-deration about Problems and Solutions of Speed Estimation method and parameter tuning for speed-sensorless vector control of Induction Motor Drives[J].IEEE Transactionsson Industry Applications,2002,38(5):1282-1289
[15]展朝旭,毕绍新.无速度传感器的矢量控制变频器调速.电气传动,1995 11(6):10-12.
[16]Hisao Kubota,etc.Speed sensorless Field-oriented control of induction motor with rotor resistance adaptation.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(5):1219-1224
[17]董刚.电动机正反转制动电路的设计.济南职业学院学报,2008,2(67):82-83.
[18]苏成富.电动机正反转自动切换控制电路.机床电器,2008,4(28):59.
[19]苏成富.新颖的电动机正反转自动切换控制电路.纺织电器,2007,5(60):31.
[20]叶开梁.交流接触器正反转电气联锁的改进.电工技术,1999,(08):54-55.
[21]杨立辉,程金生,张治,程兴国.数控车床转位刀架控制电路的改进.机床电器,2002,7(06):19-20.
[22]韩权义,李保峰,徐永清.ZJ70D钻机转盘独立驱动改造的方案设计与实施.纺织电器,2003,25(4):20-22.
[23]B.K.Bose,Modern Power Electronics and AC drives[M].Englewood Cliffs NJ:Prentice-Hall,2001:50-55,60
[24]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992:53-68,70.
[25]T.Matsuno and T.A.Lipo.A rotor parameter identification scheme for vector control induction motor drives.IEEE Trans Industry Application,1985,21(4):624-632
[26](美)博斯((Bose,B.K.).现代电力电子学与交流传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:45-60,56
[27]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:55-60,59
[28]Caruana aMifsud C,AsherG M,Sumner M,Bradley K J.Effect of motor type on performance of sensorless induction Motor Control using HF Injection[A].IEEE Conference Publication,2002,487(45):515-521
[29]冯江华,陈高华,黄松涛.异步电动机的直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(3):29-33
[30]奚国华,张艳存,胡卫华,喻寿益.基于模糊DSVM控制策略的异步电机直接转矩控制[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(1):166-171
[31]李桥梁,黄天太.一种新的异步电机直接转矩控制算法研究[J].信息与控制,2007,36(4):415-419
[32]PartsMM,PortilloR,Carrasco JM,et al.New fast space2vector modulation formultilevel converters based on geometrical consid2 erations[A].Proceedings of the 2002 28 th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society C.LosAlamitos,CA,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2002.3134-3139.
[33]SHYU K K,SHANGL J.CHEN HZ,etal Flux compensated direct torque of induction motor drives for low speed operation[J].Power Electronics,2004,19(6):1608-1613.
[34]贺洪江,王飞鹏.基于TMS320F2812的SVPWM控制[M].通讯技术,2008,07(41):205-208
[35]贾红芳.SVPWM在TMS320F2812上的实现[M].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2008,3(13):66-69
[36]EIAfia A,KHAFALLAH M,CHER ITIA,et al.A simple direct torque fuzzy control of induction using space vector modulation[J].EPE Journal,2005,15(2):25-30
[37]樊丽萍,董长宏,王英.直接转矩控制在异步电动机低速段的改善和仿真[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,28(3):54-58
[38]郭嘉强,喻寿益.一种改进异步电机直接转矩控制系统性能的方法[J].电气传动,2008,9(28):18-22
[39]T.Matsuno and T.A.Lipo.A rotor parameter identification scheme for vector control induction motor drives.IEEE Trans Industry Application,1985,21(4):624-632
[40]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[41]刘亚东,吴学智,黄立培.改善直接转矩控制性能的SVPWM方法[M].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,44(7):869-872
[42]杨家强,黄进.异步电动机直接转矩控制转矩脉动最小化方法研究[M].电工技术学报,2004,19(9):23-27
[43]袁登科,陶生桂.一种感应电机直接转矩控制系统性能改善方案[M].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):151-154
[44]杨文杰,张爱玲.基于转矩预测的直接转矩控制系统的实现[M].电气传动自动化,2007,29(6):8-11
[45]Domenico Casadei,Giovanni Serra,Angelo Tani.Implementation of a Direct Troque Control Algorithm for Induction Motors Based on Discrete Space Vector Modulation[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics.2000(15):769-777
[46]Xin Wei,Dayue Chen,Chunyu Zhao.Minimization of torque tipple of direct-torque controlled induction machines by improved discrete space vector space vector modulation[J].Electric Power Systems Research.2004,72(2):103-112
[47]Keyhani,Hamid Reza,Zolghadri.An extended and improved discrete space vector modulation direct torque control for induction motors[C].In IEEE 35~(th)Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004(5):3414-3420
[48]Isao Takahashi,Y.Ohmori.High-performance Direct Torque Control of an Induction Motor[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Application.1989,25(2):1034-1038
[49]X.Q.Wu,A,Steimel.Direct self control of induction machines fed by a double three level Inverter[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Electronics,1989,25(2):257-264
[50]王建渊,钟彦儒.合成矢量控制法改善直接转矩控制转矩脉动的研究[M].西安理工大学,2008,24(1):13-15
[51]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,71-83,85
[52]曹承志,曲红梅等.MATLAB软件包中SIMULINK环境下直接转矩控制系统的仿真.电机与控制学报,2001,6(2):111-114
[53]张桂新.异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的建模与仿真.中小型电机,2001,2(1):25-27
[54]李颖,朱伯立,张威.Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,6(09):90-96
[55]Buja G;Casadei D,Serra G.DTC-based strategies for induction motor drives.IEEE IECON,1997,97(32):1506-1516
[56]Casadei D,Serra G,Tani A.Analytical investigation of torque and flux ripple in DTC schemes for induction motors.IEEE IECON,1997,97(37):552-556
[57]Casadei D,Profumo F,Serra G,et al.FOC and DTC:Two viable schemes for induction motors torque control.IEEE Trans Power Electronics,2002,17(5):779-787
[58]侯昌昌,朱玉龙.汇编语言与C语言在编程中的交叉应用[J].安徽工业大学学报,2003,20(2):148-151
[59]张永,黄建宇,刘冶生.C语言与汇编语言混合编程的研究与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2006,12(34):120-122
[60]TMS320C2x/C2xx/C5x Optimizing C Compiler User's Guide-SPRU024E.Texas Instruments,1999
[61]张雄伟.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M].电子工业出版社.2003
[62]TMS320C3x User's Guide.Texas Instruments,1999
[63]支长义,雷天友,蔡丽丽.浮点DSP原理及应用[M].电子科技大学出版社.2003
[2]许大中.交流电机调速理论[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,1997:16-30,32
[3]陈伯时.交流电机直接转矩控制综述,中国工控信息网www.7613.com
[4]陈坚.交流电机数学模型及调速系统.北京:国防工业出版社,1989
[5]DTC与矢量控制.西门子自动化与驱动公司(中国)培训讲义
[6]高景德,王祥珩,李发海.交流电机及其系统分析(AC Machine and System Analysis).北京:清华大学出版社,1993.
[7]胡虎,李永东.交流电机直接转矩控制策略--现状与趋势.电气传动,2004,11(3):3-8
[8]李夙.异步电动机直接转矩控制.北京:机械工业出版社,1994:30-40,31.
[9]Cristian Lascu,Ion Boldea,Frede Blaabjerg.A Modifed Direct Torque Control for Induction Mortor Sensorless Drive.IEEE Transaction on Industry Applications,2000,36(1):122-130
[10]Vas P,Stronach A.F,Neuroth M.Fuzzy Control of DSP-based high-performance induction mortor drive.IEEE Proc Control Theory Appl,1997,144(5):361-368
[11]Vasic Veran,Vukosavic Slobodan N,Levi Emil.A Stator Resistance Estimation Scheme for Speed Sensorless Rotor Flux Oriented Induction Motor Drives.IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,2003,18(4):476-483
[12]G Garcia Soto,E Mendes and A Razek.Reduced-order observers for rotor flux rotor resistance and speed estimation for vector controlled induction motor drives using the extended Kalman Filter Technique[J].IEEE Pro6Electr Power Appl,1999,146(3):282-288
[13]Pappano V,Lyshevski S E,Friedland B.Parameter identification of induction motors Part 2:Parameter subset identification.IEEE Conf Control Appl Proc,1998,1(1):470-474
[14]TajimaHirokazu,GuidiGiuseppe,UmidaHidetoshi.Consi-deration about Problems and Solutions of Speed Estimation method and parameter tuning for speed-sensorless vector control of Induction Motor Drives[J].IEEE Transactionsson Industry Applications,2002,38(5):1282-1289
[15]展朝旭,毕绍新.无速度传感器的矢量控制变频器调速.电气传动,1995 11(6):10-12.
[16]Hisao Kubota,etc.Speed sensorless Field-oriented control of induction motor with rotor resistance adaptation.IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(5):1219-1224
[17]董刚.电动机正反转制动电路的设计.济南职业学院学报,2008,2(67):82-83.
[18]苏成富.电动机正反转自动切换控制电路.机床电器,2008,4(28):59.
[19]苏成富.新颖的电动机正反转自动切换控制电路.纺织电器,2007,5(60):31.
[20]叶开梁.交流接触器正反转电气联锁的改进.电工技术,1999,(08):54-55.
[21]杨立辉,程金生,张治,程兴国.数控车床转位刀架控制电路的改进.机床电器,2002,7(06):19-20.
[22]韩权义,李保峰,徐永清.ZJ70D钻机转盘独立驱动改造的方案设计与实施.纺织电器,2003,25(4):20-22.
[23]B.K.Bose,Modern Power Electronics and AC drives[M].Englewood Cliffs NJ:Prentice-Hall,2001:50-55,60
[24]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统(第二版)[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992:53-68,70.
[25]T.Matsuno and T.A.Lipo.A rotor parameter identification scheme for vector control induction motor drives.IEEE Trans Industry Application,1985,21(4):624-632
[26](美)博斯((Bose,B.K.).现代电力电子学与交流传动[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:45-60,56
[27]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002:55-60,59
[28]Caruana aMifsud C,AsherG M,Sumner M,Bradley K J.Effect of motor type on performance of sensorless induction Motor Control using HF Injection[A].IEEE Conference Publication,2002,487(45):515-521
[29]冯江华,陈高华,黄松涛.异步电动机的直接转矩控制[J].电工技术学报,1999,14(3):29-33
[30]奚国华,张艳存,胡卫华,喻寿益.基于模糊DSVM控制策略的异步电机直接转矩控制[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(1):166-171
[31]李桥梁,黄天太.一种新的异步电机直接转矩控制算法研究[J].信息与控制,2007,36(4):415-419
[32]PartsMM,PortilloR,Carrasco JM,et al.New fast space2vector modulation formultilevel converters based on geometrical consid2 erations[A].Proceedings of the 2002 28 th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society C.LosAlamitos,CA,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2002.3134-3139.
[33]SHYU K K,SHANGL J.CHEN HZ,etal Flux compensated direct torque of induction motor drives for low speed operation[J].Power Electronics,2004,19(6):1608-1613.
[34]贺洪江,王飞鹏.基于TMS320F2812的SVPWM控制[M].通讯技术,2008,07(41):205-208
[35]贾红芳.SVPWM在TMS320F2812上的实现[M].哈尔滨理工大学学报,2008,3(13):66-69
[36]EIAfia A,KHAFALLAH M,CHER ITIA,et al.A simple direct torque fuzzy control of induction using space vector modulation[J].EPE Journal,2005,15(2):25-30
[37]樊丽萍,董长宏,王英.直接转矩控制在异步电动机低速段的改善和仿真[J].大连理工大学学报,2007,28(3):54-58
[38]郭嘉强,喻寿益.一种改进异步电机直接转矩控制系统性能的方法[J].电气传动,2008,9(28):18-22
[39]T.Matsuno and T.A.Lipo.A rotor parameter identification scheme for vector control induction motor drives.IEEE Trans Industry Application,1985,21(4):624-632
[40]王晓明,王玲.电动机的DSP控制[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2004
[41]刘亚东,吴学智,黄立培.改善直接转矩控制性能的SVPWM方法[M].清华大学学报(自然科学版),2007,44(7):869-872
[42]杨家强,黄进.异步电动机直接转矩控制转矩脉动最小化方法研究[M].电工技术学报,2004,19(9):23-27
[43]袁登科,陶生桂.一种感应电机直接转矩控制系统性能改善方案[M].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(8):151-154
[44]杨文杰,张爱玲.基于转矩预测的直接转矩控制系统的实现[M].电气传动自动化,2007,29(6):8-11
[45]Domenico Casadei,Giovanni Serra,Angelo Tani.Implementation of a Direct Troque Control Algorithm for Induction Motors Based on Discrete Space Vector Modulation[J].IEEE Trans.On Power Electronics.2000(15):769-777
[46]Xin Wei,Dayue Chen,Chunyu Zhao.Minimization of torque tipple of direct-torque controlled induction machines by improved discrete space vector space vector modulation[J].Electric Power Systems Research.2004,72(2):103-112
[47]Keyhani,Hamid Reza,Zolghadri.An extended and improved discrete space vector modulation direct torque control for induction motors[C].In IEEE 35~(th)Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2004(5):3414-3420
[48]Isao Takahashi,Y.Ohmori.High-performance Direct Torque Control of an Induction Motor[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Application.1989,25(2):1034-1038
[49]X.Q.Wu,A,Steimel.Direct self control of induction machines fed by a double three level Inverter[J].IEEE Transaction on Industry Electronics,1989,25(2):257-264
[50]王建渊,钟彦儒.合成矢量控制法改善直接转矩控制转矩脉动的研究[M].西安理工大学,2008,24(1):13-15
[51]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003,71-83,85
[52]曹承志,曲红梅等.MATLAB软件包中SIMULINK环境下直接转矩控制系统的仿真.电机与控制学报,2001,6(2):111-114
[53]张桂新.异步电动机直接转矩控制系统的建模与仿真.中小型电机,2001,2(1):25-27
[54]李颖,朱伯立,张威.Simulink动态系统建模与仿真基础[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2004,6(09):90-96
[55]Buja G;Casadei D,Serra G.DTC-based strategies for induction motor drives.IEEE IECON,1997,97(32):1506-1516
[56]Casadei D,Serra G,Tani A.Analytical investigation of torque and flux ripple in DTC schemes for induction motors.IEEE IECON,1997,97(37):552-556
[57]Casadei D,Profumo F,Serra G,et al.FOC and DTC:Two viable schemes for induction motors torque control.IEEE Trans Power Electronics,2002,17(5):779-787
[58]侯昌昌,朱玉龙.汇编语言与C语言在编程中的交叉应用[J].安徽工业大学学报,2003,20(2):148-151
[59]张永,黄建宇,刘冶生.C语言与汇编语言混合编程的研究与实现[J].计算机与数字工程,2006,12(34):120-122
[60]TMS320C2x/C2xx/C5x Optimizing C Compiler User's Guide-SPRU024E.Texas Instruments,1999
[61]张雄伟.DSP芯片的原理与开发应用[M].电子工业出版社.2003
[62]TMS320C3x User's Guide.Texas Instruments,1999
[63]支长义,雷天友,蔡丽丽.浮点DSP原理及应用[M].电子科技大学出版社.2003