大汶河干流行洪能力分析及防洪对策研究
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摘要
水是生命的源泉,是人类社会赖以生存和发展而又不可替代的基础。然而由于水资源时空分布极不均匀,旱涝灾害频繁发生,水旱灾害成为摆在人们面前的最重要的问题之一。洪水问题是自然界非常重要而又非常复杂的现象,而河道能否满足行洪要求则直接关系着工程的安全与经济、关系着人民的生命财产安全。大汶河位于黄河下游,是黄河最末一条大支流,是沿河两岸地区的大型防洪除涝骨干河道之一,其下游的东平湖是黄河重要的滞蓄洪区,担负着黄河下游特别是山东段的防汛安全的重要功能。随着近些年人类活动的加剧和经济的快速发展,大汶河流域表现出洪涝灾害日趋频繁,危害程度逐渐加大的趋势。因此,对大汶河行洪能力进行研究分析具有重大的社会与经济意义。
本文从对大汶河流域的自然地理、历史水文及洪涝灾害等资料的调查研究出发,摸清了大汶河流域的暴雨洪灾状况,掌握了现阶段对大汶河流域暴雨洪水研究的一些基本信息。在此基础上确定了大汶河流域洪水计算的水文工具——三水源新安江水文预报模型,并结合大汶河流域的实际情况,在产流机制上对模型进行了改进,将原来只采用蓄满产流模式改进为蓄满与超渗相结合的产流模式,通过多次洪水计算结果的对比分析得出改进的模型更适合大汶河流域。然后利用该改进的水文模型对临汶站至戴村坝站47km河道在发生20年一遇、50年一遇以及100年一遇暴雨时的最大洪峰流量进行计算,将计算结果与河道的相应设计洪水位进行对比,得出临汶至砖舍坝之间的河段满足此三次频率暴雨下的行洪能力,而砖舍坝至戴村坝段则不满足的结论。
本文还在分析了河道工程现状及存在问题的基础上,分析了造成河道不满足行洪能力的影响因素,并且提出了对应的防洪措施。针对在研究过程中遇到的困难和存在的不足,对以后的研究工作提出了建议。
The flood problem is a significant a complex phenomenon in nature. And the watercourse discharge flood ability is directly related to safety an economy of a project as well as benefit of people’s lives and property. Dawenhe is the biggest tributary of Yellow River downstream; it is one of the main Flood control and waterlogged elimination river channel along the river area. In recent years,as human activity intensifies and rapid development of economy. The flood disaster is more and more frequent and the harm is increasing. So the paper research has the significant social and economic significance.
Based on the investigation of the geographical and historical data such as the hydrology and flood disaster of dawenhe area.This paper figured the flood disaster situation, and mastered some other analysis informations. On this basis, it determined the hydrological tool- xin'anjiang model with three runoff components,and combined with the actual situation of dawenhe area, it improved the model from the runoff mechaniam to make it more suitable for the area. Then used the improvement model, it calculated the maximum peak flow from linwen station to daicunba station, the maximum peak flow stood in 1/20, 1/50 and 1/100. Compared the peak flow between designed flood channel, it got that the river section from linwen station to zhuanshe dam meeted the flood discharged ability, and the section from zhuanshe dam to daicunba station did not.
This paper also analyzes the influence factors based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the area, and put forward the corresponding flood control measures. It offered a proposal for future research according to the difficulties and the deficiencies in the process of research .
本文从对大汶河流域的自然地理、历史水文及洪涝灾害等资料的调查研究出发,摸清了大汶河流域的暴雨洪灾状况,掌握了现阶段对大汶河流域暴雨洪水研究的一些基本信息。在此基础上确定了大汶河流域洪水计算的水文工具——三水源新安江水文预报模型,并结合大汶河流域的实际情况,在产流机制上对模型进行了改进,将原来只采用蓄满产流模式改进为蓄满与超渗相结合的产流模式,通过多次洪水计算结果的对比分析得出改进的模型更适合大汶河流域。然后利用该改进的水文模型对临汶站至戴村坝站47km河道在发生20年一遇、50年一遇以及100年一遇暴雨时的最大洪峰流量进行计算,将计算结果与河道的相应设计洪水位进行对比,得出临汶至砖舍坝之间的河段满足此三次频率暴雨下的行洪能力,而砖舍坝至戴村坝段则不满足的结论。
本文还在分析了河道工程现状及存在问题的基础上,分析了造成河道不满足行洪能力的影响因素,并且提出了对应的防洪措施。针对在研究过程中遇到的困难和存在的不足,对以后的研究工作提出了建议。
The flood problem is a significant a complex phenomenon in nature. And the watercourse discharge flood ability is directly related to safety an economy of a project as well as benefit of people’s lives and property. Dawenhe is the biggest tributary of Yellow River downstream; it is one of the main Flood control and waterlogged elimination river channel along the river area. In recent years,as human activity intensifies and rapid development of economy. The flood disaster is more and more frequent and the harm is increasing. So the paper research has the significant social and economic significance.
Based on the investigation of the geographical and historical data such as the hydrology and flood disaster of dawenhe area.This paper figured the flood disaster situation, and mastered some other analysis informations. On this basis, it determined the hydrological tool- xin'anjiang model with three runoff components,and combined with the actual situation of dawenhe area, it improved the model from the runoff mechaniam to make it more suitable for the area. Then used the improvement model, it calculated the maximum peak flow from linwen station to daicunba station, the maximum peak flow stood in 1/20, 1/50 and 1/100. Compared the peak flow between designed flood channel, it got that the river section from linwen station to zhuanshe dam meeted the flood discharged ability, and the section from zhuanshe dam to daicunba station did not.
This paper also analyzes the influence factors based on the analysis of the current situation and existing problems of the area, and put forward the corresponding flood control measures. It offered a proposal for future research according to the difficulties and the deficiencies in the process of research .
引文
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