高频软开关电源的研究
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摘要
随着电子技术的高速发展,开关电源已广泛应用于工业、交通、电力等领域。但常规变换器工作在硬开关方式下,开关频率不高,开关电源的效率也不理想,而软开关PWM技术的提出使变换器在高频下高效率地运行成为可能。
移相控制零电压开关全桥变换器就是采用软开关PWM技术,利用变压器的漏感和开关管的结电容实现开关管的零电压开关。本文在原边加入一个由谐振电感和箝位二极管组成的辅助谐振支路,通过将辅助支路与超前桥臂相连,不仅抑制了副边寄生振荡和电压尖峰,而且减小了箝位二极管上的有效电流值,同时还减小了原边通态损耗和副边占空比丢失。详细分析了改进后变换器的工作原理和软开关实现条件。由于在辅助支路串接了限流电阻,箝位作用受到影响,为了更好地抑制副边寄生振荡和电压尖峰,在副边加了箝位吸收电路,并对其工作原理进行了分析。
在理论分析的基础上,初步设计了一个220V/10A的直流电力操作电源,并对电源的主电路、控制电路、驱动电路、保护电路进行了详细的设计,给出了理论设计参数。通过PSPICE仿真结果证明了分析和设计的正确性。
With the development of electronic technology, switching supply has been widely used for industry, transportation, electricity etc. But the conventional converter operates in hard switching, low switching frequency and low efficiency. So the soft switching PWM technology is proposed. And it makes converter that operates in high efficiency and high frequency as possible.
In order to restrain the parasitic oscillation and the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes, auxiliary resonant commutating network including a resonant inductor and two clamping diodes auxiliary branches can be introduced to the Primary side. The converter can be improved that the auxiliary branch is connected with the leading leg of the transformer. So, the improved converter not only restrains the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes, but also reduces secondary duty cycle loss and the Primary current in zero state. Because of a resistance in the clamping diodes auxiliary branch, the effect of the clamping diodes auxiliary branch is weakened. In order to restrain the parasitic oscillation and the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes better, a simple RLCD clamping circuit is placed in the secondary side of the full bridge converter. It not only restrains the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes, but also avoids the defect of the general RCD buffer absorption network.
Based on the analyzing of the theory, a switch power supply of 220V/10A for electrically operated power supply is designed. The scheme verified by PSPICE simulation shows the circuit topology is right.
移相控制零电压开关全桥变换器就是采用软开关PWM技术,利用变压器的漏感和开关管的结电容实现开关管的零电压开关。本文在原边加入一个由谐振电感和箝位二极管组成的辅助谐振支路,通过将辅助支路与超前桥臂相连,不仅抑制了副边寄生振荡和电压尖峰,而且减小了箝位二极管上的有效电流值,同时还减小了原边通态损耗和副边占空比丢失。详细分析了改进后变换器的工作原理和软开关实现条件。由于在辅助支路串接了限流电阻,箝位作用受到影响,为了更好地抑制副边寄生振荡和电压尖峰,在副边加了箝位吸收电路,并对其工作原理进行了分析。
在理论分析的基础上,初步设计了一个220V/10A的直流电力操作电源,并对电源的主电路、控制电路、驱动电路、保护电路进行了详细的设计,给出了理论设计参数。通过PSPICE仿真结果证明了分析和设计的正确性。
With the development of electronic technology, switching supply has been widely used for industry, transportation, electricity etc. But the conventional converter operates in hard switching, low switching frequency and low efficiency. So the soft switching PWM technology is proposed. And it makes converter that operates in high efficiency and high frequency as possible.
In order to restrain the parasitic oscillation and the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes, auxiliary resonant commutating network including a resonant inductor and two clamping diodes auxiliary branches can be introduced to the Primary side. The converter can be improved that the auxiliary branch is connected with the leading leg of the transformer. So, the improved converter not only restrains the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes, but also reduces secondary duty cycle loss and the Primary current in zero state. Because of a resistance in the clamping diodes auxiliary branch, the effect of the clamping diodes auxiliary branch is weakened. In order to restrain the parasitic oscillation and the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes better, a simple RLCD clamping circuit is placed in the secondary side of the full bridge converter. It not only restrains the voltage ringing of the rectifier diodes, but also avoids the defect of the general RCD buffer absorption network.
Based on the analyzing of the theory, a switch power supply of 220V/10A for electrically operated power supply is designed. The scheme verified by PSPICE simulation shows the circuit topology is right.
引文
1杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004.6-7
2阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.1-2
3杨德刚,赵良炳.软开关技术回顾及展望[J].电力电子技术,1998,(5):96-101
4 Shi Wen,Hu Zhihong,Cheng Renjie,Huang Xiangfu.A New Analysis Model for Resonant Switching Converter [J] . IEEE APEC 1996:597-600
5欧阳长莲,章国宝,严仰光.零电压开关PWM变换整流器[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1996,28(1):86-92
6 Vlatko vlatkovic,Juan A Sabate,Raymond B Ridley,etc.Small Signal Analysis of the Phase-Shifted PWM Converter[J].IEEE Trans Power Electron,1992,7(1):128-135
7张润平,李治典.ZVT-PWM反激变换电路研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,1999,(2):15-17
8 G Moschopoulos,P A Jain.PWM Full-Bridge Converter with Load Independent Soft-Switching Capability[J].IEEE APEC,2000,1(1):79-85
9 Praveen K Jain,Wen Kang,Harry Soin,Youhao Xi.Analysis Design Considerations of a Load and Line Independent Zero Voltage Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Converter Topology[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2002,17(5):649-657
10 Richard Redl,Nathan Sokal,Laszlo Balogh.A novel soft-switching full-bridge dc/dc converter: analysis,design considerations,and experimental result at 1.5kw,100kHz[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1991,6(3):408-418
11 Richard Redl , Laszlo Balogh and David W Edwards . Switch transitions in the soft-switching full-bridge PWM Phase-shiftedDC-DC converter: Analysis and Improvements[J].Proceedings of INTELEC,1993:350-357
12 Richard Redl,Laszlo Balogh,David W Edwards. Optimum ZVS Full-Bridge DC/DC with PWM Phase-Shifted Control:Analysis, Design Considerations,and Experimental Results[J].IEEE APEC, 1994,1:159-165
13张克强,瞿文龙,谭瑞民.DARCN全桥变换器的软开关分析与谐振参数分析[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(2):21-25
14 Xinbo Ruan, Fuxin Liu. An Improved ZVS PWM Full-bridge Converter with Clamping Diodes.IEEE PESC 2004:1476-1481
15罗志军.2.5KW自冷式高频开关电源研究与开发[D].[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学硕士论文,2005
16 Loveday H Mweene,Chris A Wright,Martin F Schleeht. A 1kw 500khz Front-end Converter for a Distributed Power Supply System[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1989,10(4):423-432
17 J A Sabate,V Vlatkovic,R B Ridley and B H CHo:Design consideration for high-voltage high-power full-bridge zero-volt- age-switched PWM converter[J].IEEE APEC,1990:275-284
18 Song-Yi Lin, Chem-lin Chen. Analysis and Design, for RCD clamped Snubber Used in Output Rectifier of Phase-Shift Full-Bridge ZVS Converters[J].IEEE APEC,1998:358-359
19 Jung-Goo Cho, Ju-Won Baek, Chang-Yong Jeong, etc. Novel Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge PWMC converter Using a Simple Auxiliary Circuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1996,11(4):622-627
20赵清林,郑颖楠.次级采用辅助网络的ZCZVS PWM全桥变换器[J].电力电子技术,2002,36(4):43-46
21 R A Fisher,K D T Ngo,M H Kuo. A 500kHz,250W DC-DC Converter with Multiple Outputs Controlled by Phase-shifted PWM and Magnetic Amplifiers [J] . Proc High Frequency Power Conversion Conf,1988:100-110
22 R Watson and F C Lee. Analysis,design,and experimentalresults of a 1 kw ZVS-FB-PWM converter employing magamp secondary side control[J]. Proceedings of VPECS,1993:207-212
23 G C Hua , F C Lee , and M M Jovanovic . An improved zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a suitable inductor. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(4):530-534
24徐明,PWM软开关拓扑理论研究[D]:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学博士论文,1997
25余晓光,宽负载范围ZVS全桥变换器研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学硕士论文,2002
26 Marcelo Burnoro,Jose Luiz F Vieria.A High-Performance ZVS Full-Bridge DC-DC O-50V/0-10A Power Supply with Phase-Shift Control[J].IEEE PESC,1999:495-505
27 J G cho,J A Sabate,F C Lee.Novel full-bridge zero-voltage- transition PWM dc/dc converter for high Power applications[J]. IEEE APEC,1994,1:143-149
28 I D Kim, E C Nho etc.Soft-Switching Constant Frequency PWM DC/DC Converter with Low Switch Stress and Wide Linearity[J].IEEE IECON,1990:875-881
29 I D Kim,E C Nho,etc.Novel Constant Frequency PWM DC/DC Converter with Zero-Voltage-Switching for Both Primary Switches and Secondary Rectifying Diode[J].IEEE Trans,1992,10(2):444-452
30 Hang-Seok Choi, J H Lee, B H Cho3. Analysis and Design Considerations of Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching (ZVZCS) Full-Bridge PWM Converters[J].IEEE APEC,2002:1853-1840
31王建刚,陈乾宏,阮新波.改进型倍流电路ZVS PWM全桥变换器[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(3):17-20
32华伟,郑国青.倍流整流器电路拓扑结构研究[J].半导体技术,2001,28(6):49-52
33林波涛,丘水生.DC-DC开关功率变换器分析方法的述评[J].电路与系统学报,1998,3(3):65-72
34张松,王正勇,吴晓红等.基于DSP实现的软开关电源控制系统[J].信息与电子工程,2003,1(2):45-47
35朱建华,罗方林.功率谐振变换器及其发展方向[J].电工电能新技术,2004,23(1):32-33
36付丽,杨旭.基于滑模变结构控制的数字化全桥移相软开关电源[J].电工电能新技术,2003,22(4):57-59
37 Jun Goo Cho,Changyang Jeong, Fred C Y Lee. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-bridge PWM Converter Using Secondary Active Clamp[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(4):119-122
38 Holland B . A New Integrated Circuit for current mode Control[J].Power Conversion 10 Proceedings,1983:22-24
39 Phase shift resonant converter UC3895[M].Product & Applications HandBook.2000-2001,Unitrode Integrated Circuit.
40赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002.79-92
41谷树忠.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计[J].电子技术应用,2001,(3):29-32
42王凡,王志强.开关电源电磁干扰分析及抑制[J].电源技术应用,2005,(4):17-19
43钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.93-100
44钱照明,程肇基.电力电子系统电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000.75-84
45李郡,高频开关电源的电磁兼容设计[J].通讯电源技术,1997,(4):11-14
46王正仕,张军明.实用开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.191-196
47王志强.精通开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.224-231
48何希才.运算放大器应用电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.119-125
49邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.147-161
50尹华杰.开关电源仿真[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.48-51
51王辅春,刘明山,迟海涛等.从实例中学习OrCAD[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.142-160
52贾新章.OrCAD/PSpice 9实用教程[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.87-95
53高燕梅,房蔓楠.Spice/pspice编程技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.55-61
54陆治国.电源的计算机仿真技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.149-155
55陈建业.电力电子电路的计算机仿真[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.99-105
56李永平,董欣.Pspice电路设计与实现[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2005.65-71
57陈亚非,雷虹,陈银杏等.高压大功率开关电源的Pspice计算机辅助设计[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2007,37(1):120-124
58张东辉,严萍,高迎慧等.Pspice电路仿真中变压器模型的使用[J].电气应用,26(1):21-26
59王辅春.电子电路CAD与OrCAD教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2005.47-60
60王毅.Pspice在磁耦合电路教学中的应用[J].福建师范大学学报,2003.(4):17-21
2阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC/DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社,1999.1-2
3杨德刚,赵良炳.软开关技术回顾及展望[J].电力电子技术,1998,(5):96-101
4 Shi Wen,Hu Zhihong,Cheng Renjie,Huang Xiangfu.A New Analysis Model for Resonant Switching Converter [J] . IEEE APEC 1996:597-600
5欧阳长莲,章国宝,严仰光.零电压开关PWM变换整流器[J].南京航空航天大学学报,1996,28(1):86-92
6 Vlatko vlatkovic,Juan A Sabate,Raymond B Ridley,etc.Small Signal Analysis of the Phase-Shifted PWM Converter[J].IEEE Trans Power Electron,1992,7(1):128-135
7张润平,李治典.ZVT-PWM反激变换电路研究与设计[J].电力电子技术,1999,(2):15-17
8 G Moschopoulos,P A Jain.PWM Full-Bridge Converter with Load Independent Soft-Switching Capability[J].IEEE APEC,2000,1(1):79-85
9 Praveen K Jain,Wen Kang,Harry Soin,Youhao Xi.Analysis Design Considerations of a Load and Line Independent Zero Voltage Switching Full Bridge DC/DC Converter Topology[J].IEEE Trans on Power Electronics,2002,17(5):649-657
10 Richard Redl,Nathan Sokal,Laszlo Balogh.A novel soft-switching full-bridge dc/dc converter: analysis,design considerations,and experimental result at 1.5kw,100kHz[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1991,6(3):408-418
11 Richard Redl , Laszlo Balogh and David W Edwards . Switch transitions in the soft-switching full-bridge PWM Phase-shiftedDC-DC converter: Analysis and Improvements[J].Proceedings of INTELEC,1993:350-357
12 Richard Redl,Laszlo Balogh,David W Edwards. Optimum ZVS Full-Bridge DC/DC with PWM Phase-Shifted Control:Analysis, Design Considerations,and Experimental Results[J].IEEE APEC, 1994,1:159-165
13张克强,瞿文龙,谭瑞民.DARCN全桥变换器的软开关分析与谐振参数分析[J].电工电能新技术,2002,21(2):21-25
14 Xinbo Ruan, Fuxin Liu. An Improved ZVS PWM Full-bridge Converter with Clamping Diodes.IEEE PESC 2004:1476-1481
15罗志军.2.5KW自冷式高频开关电源研究与开发[D].[硕士学位论文].南京:河海大学硕士论文,2005
16 Loveday H Mweene,Chris A Wright,Martin F Schleeht. A 1kw 500khz Front-end Converter for a Distributed Power Supply System[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1989,10(4):423-432
17 J A Sabate,V Vlatkovic,R B Ridley and B H CHo:Design consideration for high-voltage high-power full-bridge zero-volt- age-switched PWM converter[J].IEEE APEC,1990:275-284
18 Song-Yi Lin, Chem-lin Chen. Analysis and Design, for RCD clamped Snubber Used in Output Rectifier of Phase-Shift Full-Bridge ZVS Converters[J].IEEE APEC,1998:358-359
19 Jung-Goo Cho, Ju-Won Baek, Chang-Yong Jeong, etc. Novel Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-Bridge PWMC converter Using a Simple Auxiliary Circuit[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1996,11(4):622-627
20赵清林,郑颖楠.次级采用辅助网络的ZCZVS PWM全桥变换器[J].电力电子技术,2002,36(4):43-46
21 R A Fisher,K D T Ngo,M H Kuo. A 500kHz,250W DC-DC Converter with Multiple Outputs Controlled by Phase-shifted PWM and Magnetic Amplifiers [J] . Proc High Frequency Power Conversion Conf,1988:100-110
22 R Watson and F C Lee. Analysis,design,and experimentalresults of a 1 kw ZVS-FB-PWM converter employing magamp secondary side control[J]. Proceedings of VPECS,1993:207-212
23 G C Hua , F C Lee , and M M Jovanovic . An improved zero-voltage-switched PWM converter using a suitable inductor. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1993,8(4):530-534
24徐明,PWM软开关拓扑理论研究[D]:[博士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学博士论文,1997
25余晓光,宽负载范围ZVS全桥变换器研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学硕士论文,2002
26 Marcelo Burnoro,Jose Luiz F Vieria.A High-Performance ZVS Full-Bridge DC-DC O-50V/0-10A Power Supply with Phase-Shift Control[J].IEEE PESC,1999:495-505
27 J G cho,J A Sabate,F C Lee.Novel full-bridge zero-voltage- transition PWM dc/dc converter for high Power applications[J]. IEEE APEC,1994,1:143-149
28 I D Kim, E C Nho etc.Soft-Switching Constant Frequency PWM DC/DC Converter with Low Switch Stress and Wide Linearity[J].IEEE IECON,1990:875-881
29 I D Kim,E C Nho,etc.Novel Constant Frequency PWM DC/DC Converter with Zero-Voltage-Switching for Both Primary Switches and Secondary Rectifying Diode[J].IEEE Trans,1992,10(2):444-452
30 Hang-Seok Choi, J H Lee, B H Cho3. Analysis and Design Considerations of Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching (ZVZCS) Full-Bridge PWM Converters[J].IEEE APEC,2002:1853-1840
31王建刚,陈乾宏,阮新波.改进型倍流电路ZVS PWM全桥变换器[J].电力电子技术,2001,35(3):17-20
32华伟,郑国青.倍流整流器电路拓扑结构研究[J].半导体技术,2001,28(6):49-52
33林波涛,丘水生.DC-DC开关功率变换器分析方法的述评[J].电路与系统学报,1998,3(3):65-72
34张松,王正勇,吴晓红等.基于DSP实现的软开关电源控制系统[J].信息与电子工程,2003,1(2):45-47
35朱建华,罗方林.功率谐振变换器及其发展方向[J].电工电能新技术,2004,23(1):32-33
36付丽,杨旭.基于滑模变结构控制的数字化全桥移相软开关电源[J].电工电能新技术,2003,22(4):57-59
37 Jun Goo Cho,Changyang Jeong, Fred C Y Lee. Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current-Switching Full-bridge PWM Converter Using Secondary Active Clamp[J] . IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,1998,13(4):119-122
38 Holland B . A New Integrated Circuit for current mode Control[J].Power Conversion 10 Proceedings,1983:22-24
39 Phase shift resonant converter UC3895[M].Product & Applications HandBook.2000-2001,Unitrode Integrated Circuit.
40赵修科.开关电源中磁性元器件[M].沈阳:辽宁科学技术出版社,2002.79-92
41谷树忠.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计[J].电子技术应用,2001,(3):29-32
42王凡,王志强.开关电源电磁干扰分析及抑制[J].电源技术应用,2005,(4):17-19
43钱振宇.开关电源的电磁兼容性设计与测试[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.93-100
44钱照明,程肇基.电力电子系统电磁兼容设计基础及干扰抑制技术[M].杭州:浙江大学出版社,2000.75-84
45李郡,高频开关电源的电磁兼容设计[J].通讯电源技术,1997,(4):11-14
46王正仕,张军明.实用开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2006.191-196
47王志强.精通开关电源设计[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2008.224-231
48何希才.运算放大器应用电路设计[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.119-125
49邢岩,蔡宣三.高频功率开关变换技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.147-161
50尹华杰.开关电源仿真[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2007.48-51
51王辅春,刘明山,迟海涛等.从实例中学习OrCAD[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.142-160
52贾新章.OrCAD/PSpice 9实用教程[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2005.87-95
53高燕梅,房蔓楠.Spice/pspice编程技术[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2002.55-61
54陆治国.电源的计算机仿真技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.149-155
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