25W DC-DC开关变换器的仿真与优化设计
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摘要
本文从开关电源的基本理论出发,首先给出了单端正激式和反激式电路的结构和工作原理,介绍了开关电源的调制方式,如脉冲宽度调制(PWM)、脉冲频率调制(PFM),在此基础上对高频开关电源的反馈控制模式进行了阐述对比,说明了电流控制模式优越于电压控制模式;其次对开关变换器中的关键磁性元件如高频变压器和储能电感的进行了定性分析和定量计算,并采用Magnetics Designer软件设计了正激式高频变压器和储能电感,通过PSpice16.0仿真软件对DC-DC电路中使用的变压器与输出电路部分做了大量的仿真实验,优化了电路参数,选择了合适的输出电感值;详细分析了DC-DC电路系统结构和工作特性参数,对DC-DC整体电路和各子模块电路的性能进行了模拟仿真分析,调整了电路中的部分关键参数,使电路取得了较好的输出特性,并对电路整体性能中的部分指标如启动时间,启动过冲,电压调整率,电流调整率,负载调整率,动态响应等等进行了仿真分析,仿真结果表明该电路性能基本满足设计规格指标的要求;最后针对电路中的部分性能指标进行了多目标参数扫描及优化设计,修正了电路的元件参数值,使电路性能能够发挥最佳。论文的结尾是对本文的总结,分析了仿真中存在的不足之处,提出了进一步的解决思路。
This paper is based on the theory of Switch Power supply. First of all, the single-ended forward and flyback circuit structure and working principle are given, and the modulation switching power supply, such as pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is introduced. Based on the analysis of the high-frequency switching power supply feedback control model, it is shown that the current control mode is better than the voltage control mode. Secondly, qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation are completed on the key magnetics components such as high-frequency transformers and energy storage inductance in SWPS. Using the simulation software Magnetics Designer, a forward-type high-frequency transformer and energy storage inductors are designed. At the same time, a lot of simulation experiments have been done using the PSpice16.0 software, and it’s very useful to help us to analyse the relationship between the value of inductor and DC-DC circuits specification, by which the appropriate value of the output inductor is selected. Next, based on detailed analysis of the DC-DC circuit system structure and working parameters, the performance of the sub-module circuit and the whole circuit are simulated successfully. In the simulation process, we have adjusted the key parameters which are important to the circuit specification. As the different conditions could cause the different outputs, we have done a series of simulation experiment to analyze the DC-DC output specification, such as Start time, Start overshoot, Voltage regulation, current rate of adjustment, load regulation, dynamic response and so on. The simulation results show that output specification is compliance with the system design parameter. Based on the above results, we have also done the parameter scan analysis and optimization, and get the best circuit performance through adjusting part of the circuit parameter. At the end of paper, it is a summary of this article, the inadequacies of the simulation are indicated and further solutions are suggested. .
This paper is based on the theory of Switch Power supply. First of all, the single-ended forward and flyback circuit structure and working principle are given, and the modulation switching power supply, such as pulse width modulation (PWM), pulse frequency modulation (PFM) is introduced. Based on the analysis of the high-frequency switching power supply feedback control model, it is shown that the current control mode is better than the voltage control mode. Secondly, qualitative analysis and quantitative calculation are completed on the key magnetics components such as high-frequency transformers and energy storage inductance in SWPS. Using the simulation software Magnetics Designer, a forward-type high-frequency transformer and energy storage inductors are designed. At the same time, a lot of simulation experiments have been done using the PSpice16.0 software, and it’s very useful to help us to analyse the relationship between the value of inductor and DC-DC circuits specification, by which the appropriate value of the output inductor is selected. Next, based on detailed analysis of the DC-DC circuit system structure and working parameters, the performance of the sub-module circuit and the whole circuit are simulated successfully. In the simulation process, we have adjusted the key parameters which are important to the circuit specification. As the different conditions could cause the different outputs, we have done a series of simulation experiment to analyze the DC-DC output specification, such as Start time, Start overshoot, Voltage regulation, current rate of adjustment, load regulation, dynamic response and so on. The simulation results show that output specification is compliance with the system design parameter. Based on the above results, we have also done the parameter scan analysis and optimization, and get the best circuit performance through adjusting part of the circuit parameter. At the end of paper, it is a summary of this article, the inadequacies of the simulation are indicated and further solutions are suggested. .
引文
[1]S.A.Shirsavar.Teaching Practical Design of Switch-Mode Power Supply.IEEE Transaction on Education, 2004, 47(4):467-473
[2]赵建统薛红兵梁树坤,浅谈电源产业及电源技术的发展趋势.电源世界.2007. (2):3-6
[3]王水平史俊杰天庆安,开关稳压电源.西安电子科技大学. 2005,(2):4-7
[4]张占松蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计[M]北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
[5]叶治政,叶靖国“开关稳压电源”,高等教育出版社,1989
[6]赵修科,开关电源中磁性元器件.南京:南京航空航天大学,2004,19-76
[7]王创社乐开端,开关电源两种控制模式的分析与比较.电力电子技术,1998,3:7-81.
[8]邹伯敏,自动控制理论.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[9]沈昂,大功率电源MOS管的特性及应用.上海计量测试,2005,(6):28-29
[10]Wataru Saito, Ichiro Omura, Satoshi Aida, etc.High Breakdown Voltage (>1000V) Semi-Superjunction MOSFETs Using 600-V Class Superjunction MOSFET Process.IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2005, 52(10):2317-2322
[11]Handy Blanchette, Kamal Al-Haddad.Switching Power MOSFET Performance: A Compromise between EMI Generation and Thermal Consideration.IEEE ISIE, 2006:1293-1298
[12]Yongtao Han,Wilson Eberle,Yan-Fei Liu.New Measurement Methods to CharacterizeTransformer Core Loss and Copper Loss In High Frequency Switching Mode Power Supplies.2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Aachen,Germany,2004:1695-1701
[13]周志敏周纪海,开关电源实用技术设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,1-2
[14]阮新波严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2000
[15]王全保,实用电子变压器材料器件和手册.沈阳,辽宁科学技术出版社,2003,1-2
[16]周志军,软开关电源设计与仿真研究,武汉:武汉大学,2004,36-37
[17]uc1843-2843-3843数据应用手册http://www.ti.com[online]
[18]路秋生,电流型变换器工作原理和斜坡补偿(北京电子信息大学电子信息系北京100031)
[19]Abraham I, Pressman, Switching Power Supply Designing, 153-171.
[20]Sandeler, Steven M, 2006. Switch-mode POWER Supply Simulation with PSpice and SPICE3.New York: McGraw-Hill
[21]CHRISTOPHE P.BASSO, 2008. SWITCH-MODE POWER SUPPLIES SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs.New York: McGraw-Hill
[22]Keith bilings著,张占松汪仁煌谢丽萍译,开关电源手册(第2版).2006
[23]过壁君,磁芯设计及应用.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2006,69-74
[24]姬海宁,高频开关电源变压器的优化设计及其应用:[硕士毕业论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003
[25]Abraham I.Pressman ,开关电源设计(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2005,39-40
[26] Wang Haiyong, Li Yongming, Chen Hongyi. Anovel soft-start circuit for DC/DC switching regulator using voltage compensation technique. Microelect ronics ,2002 ,32 (1) :20 (in Chinese) [王海永,李永明,陈弘毅.一种采用电压补偿技术的DC/ DC开关电源软启动电路.微电子学,2002 ,32 (1) :20 ]
[27] Penzin SH, CrainWR, Crawford KB, etal. The SEU pulse width modulation controllers with softstart and shutdown circuits. Radi-ation Effects Data Workshop, IEEE, Issue, 1997:73
[28]Texas Instruments. Low-input voltage-mode synchronous buck controller. [Online] Available: http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/tps40001.pdf
[29]Intersil Corporation. Buck and synchronous rectifier pulse-width modulator (PWM)controller.[Online]Available:http://www.intersil.com/data/fn/FN9030.pdf
[30]Linear Tech Corp.1.1A Step-up DC/DC converter with integrated soft-start.[Online]Available:http://www.linear.com/pc/down-loadDocument.do?navId=H0,C1,C1003,C1042,C1035,P2337,D3329
[31]李演明来新泉袁冰叶强贾新章,一种DC-DC开关电源片上软启动电路2007
[32]贾新章等著, OrCAD/PSpice 9实用教程2004,116-119
[33]贾新章黄胜利等著, PSpice10_AA高级分析2004
[34]贾新章武岳山编著,电子电路CAD技术-基于OrCAD9.2 2004
[2]赵建统薛红兵梁树坤,浅谈电源产业及电源技术的发展趋势.电源世界.2007. (2):3-6
[3]王水平史俊杰天庆安,开关稳压电源.西安电子科技大学. 2005,(2):4-7
[4]张占松蔡宣三,开关电源的原理与设计[M]北京:电子工业出版社, 2004
[5]叶治政,叶靖国“开关稳压电源”,高等教育出版社,1989
[6]赵修科,开关电源中磁性元器件.南京:南京航空航天大学,2004,19-76
[7]王创社乐开端,开关电源两种控制模式的分析与比较.电力电子技术,1998,3:7-81.
[8]邹伯敏,自动控制理论.北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[9]沈昂,大功率电源MOS管的特性及应用.上海计量测试,2005,(6):28-29
[10]Wataru Saito, Ichiro Omura, Satoshi Aida, etc.High Breakdown Voltage (>1000V) Semi-Superjunction MOSFETs Using 600-V Class Superjunction MOSFET Process.IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, 2005, 52(10):2317-2322
[11]Handy Blanchette, Kamal Al-Haddad.Switching Power MOSFET Performance: A Compromise between EMI Generation and Thermal Consideration.IEEE ISIE, 2006:1293-1298
[12]Yongtao Han,Wilson Eberle,Yan-Fei Liu.New Measurement Methods to CharacterizeTransformer Core Loss and Copper Loss In High Frequency Switching Mode Power Supplies.2004 35th Annual IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference,Aachen,Germany,2004:1695-1701
[13]周志敏周纪海,开关电源实用技术设计与应用.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003,1-2
[14]阮新波严仰光,直流开关电源的软开关技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 2000
[15]王全保,实用电子变压器材料器件和手册.沈阳,辽宁科学技术出版社,2003,1-2
[16]周志军,软开关电源设计与仿真研究,武汉:武汉大学,2004,36-37
[17]uc1843-2843-3843数据应用手册http://www.ti.com[online]
[18]路秋生,电流型变换器工作原理和斜坡补偿(北京电子信息大学电子信息系北京100031)
[19]Abraham I, Pressman, Switching Power Supply Designing, 153-171.
[20]Sandeler, Steven M, 2006. Switch-mode POWER Supply Simulation with PSpice and SPICE3.New York: McGraw-Hill
[21]CHRISTOPHE P.BASSO, 2008. SWITCH-MODE POWER SUPPLIES SPICE Simulations and Practical Designs.New York: McGraw-Hill
[22]Keith bilings著,张占松汪仁煌谢丽萍译,开关电源手册(第2版).2006
[23]过壁君,磁芯设计及应用.成都:电子科技大学出版社,2006,69-74
[24]姬海宁,高频开关电源变压器的优化设计及其应用:[硕士毕业论文].成都:电子科技大学,2003
[25]Abraham I.Pressman ,开关电源设计(第二版).北京:电子工业出版社,2005,39-40
[26] Wang Haiyong, Li Yongming, Chen Hongyi. Anovel soft-start circuit for DC/DC switching regulator using voltage compensation technique. Microelect ronics ,2002 ,32 (1) :20 (in Chinese) [王海永,李永明,陈弘毅.一种采用电压补偿技术的DC/ DC开关电源软启动电路.微电子学,2002 ,32 (1) :20 ]
[27] Penzin SH, CrainWR, Crawford KB, etal. The SEU pulse width modulation controllers with softstart and shutdown circuits. Radi-ation Effects Data Workshop, IEEE, Issue, 1997:73
[28]Texas Instruments. Low-input voltage-mode synchronous buck controller. [Online] Available: http://focus.ti.com.cn/cn/lit/ds/symlink/tps40001.pdf
[29]Intersil Corporation. Buck and synchronous rectifier pulse-width modulator (PWM)controller.[Online]Available:http://www.intersil.com/data/fn/FN9030.pdf
[30]Linear Tech Corp.1.1A Step-up DC/DC converter with integrated soft-start.[Online]Available:http://www.linear.com/pc/down-loadDocument.do?navId=H0,C1,C1003,C1042,C1035,P2337,D3329
[31]李演明来新泉袁冰叶强贾新章,一种DC-DC开关电源片上软启动电路2007
[32]贾新章等著, OrCAD/PSpice 9实用教程2004,116-119
[33]贾新章黄胜利等著, PSpice10_AA高级分析2004
[34]贾新章武岳山编著,电子电路CAD技术-基于OrCAD9.2 2004