数字式乳腺X射线机电控系统设计
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摘要
目前乳腺癌的发病率已由女性恶性肿瘤中的第2位跃居到首位,且发病年龄趋于年轻化,乳腺癌对人类健康的严重危害已引起了世界卫生组织和医疗界人士的高度重视。乳腺癌早期发现、早期诊断、早期治疗是降低乳腺癌死亡率的关键。而传统的胶片摄影技术对于致密性乳腺及一致性密度增高病变有明显的局限性。随着计算机技术的发展,数字乳腺X线摄影技术正逐步代替传统的屏片组合,成为临床乳腺癌检查的主要手段。
传统乳腺X射线机的工作频率为工频即50Hz,高压发生器及控制系统结构笨重、体积庞大、转换效率低。此外乳腺X射线机是将透视和摄影过程中的电压、电流、时间三个基本参量独立选择和控制,所使用的主要控制元件是多位选择开关、通用继电器和接触器,控制效果差,难以走向小型化、便携化及智能化。本文设计的数字式乳腺X射线机电控系统采用了现代新型的电力电子技术,设备工作频率大幅提高达数十千赫兹,因此减小了铁芯、高压线包的体积,从而减少高压发生器的重量和体积。高压发生器采用了变压器升压结合倍压整流的方式,既获得了输出直流电压的大幅提升又获得了较好的纹波效果。本文提出采用单片机结合脉宽调制技术实现系统的数字控制,由单片机对千伏、毫安实行闭环控制,精心设计了闭环控制系统,稳定性得到提高,高压发生器输出精度得到改善,在保证正常检测的前提下,患者所受X射线剂量降到较低水平。电控系统采用数字信号控制,控制器内结构模块化,保证控制器更轻便、更可靠,实现了电控系统的智能化。
最后本文在ORCAD/PSPICE的仿真软件下建立了系统各个主电路部分和控制部分的模型,在分部模型的基础上建立了系统的整体模型,仿真结果分析验证了各部分电路和整体系统的可行性和正确性,为后续的项目研究奠定了基础。
At present, the incidence of breast cancer have leapt to the top from the second in women malignant tumor, and tends to younger, the harm of breast cancer to human health has led to the World Health Organization and the medical profession's high attention. Early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment of breast cancer is the key to reducing breast cancer mortality. Traditional film photography for dense breast and the consistency of dense breast lesions have obvious limitations. With the development of computer technology, digital breast X-ray photographic technique is gradually replacing the traditional film-screen combination has become the mainstream of clinical application.
Traditional breast X-ray machine operating frequency are fifty hertz, this will inevitably lead to the structure of its electronic control system cumbersome、bulky、low degree of automation. In addition, the breast X-ray machine independently control three basic parameters of KV or mA or s in the process of perspective and photographic, the main control components are selector switch, general-purpose relays and contactors, control effect is bad, its hard to smaller, portable and intelligent. In this paper, the design of digital electronic control system of breast machine used modern new power electronics technology, operating frequency substantially get to several thousands hertz, therefore reduces the core, the volume of high-tension line package, reduce the weight and size of the high voltage generator. High-voltage generator using a combination of step-up voltage transformer and voltage multiplying rectifier, not only access to the output DC voltage increases and obtain a better ripple effect. In this paper, combined with the use of single-chip and pulse width modulation technology to achieve digital control system, and by the single-chip microcomputer to achieve closed-loop control of KV、mA,well-designed closed-loop control system stability compensation, obtained high-precision control, this will also greatly reduce the volume and weight of high-pressure control devices. Electronic control system used digital signal control, controller with modular structure ensure a more portable, more reliable and achieved intelligent electronic control system.
Finally, in ORCAD/PSPICE simulation software to establish a system under the main circuit and control of some part of the model, establish the overall system model on the division model, through the analysis of simulation results to verify the feasibility of various parts of the circuit and the overall system, obtained better results.
传统乳腺X射线机的工作频率为工频即50Hz,高压发生器及控制系统结构笨重、体积庞大、转换效率低。此外乳腺X射线机是将透视和摄影过程中的电压、电流、时间三个基本参量独立选择和控制,所使用的主要控制元件是多位选择开关、通用继电器和接触器,控制效果差,难以走向小型化、便携化及智能化。本文设计的数字式乳腺X射线机电控系统采用了现代新型的电力电子技术,设备工作频率大幅提高达数十千赫兹,因此减小了铁芯、高压线包的体积,从而减少高压发生器的重量和体积。高压发生器采用了变压器升压结合倍压整流的方式,既获得了输出直流电压的大幅提升又获得了较好的纹波效果。本文提出采用单片机结合脉宽调制技术实现系统的数字控制,由单片机对千伏、毫安实行闭环控制,精心设计了闭环控制系统,稳定性得到提高,高压发生器输出精度得到改善,在保证正常检测的前提下,患者所受X射线剂量降到较低水平。电控系统采用数字信号控制,控制器内结构模块化,保证控制器更轻便、更可靠,实现了电控系统的智能化。
最后本文在ORCAD/PSPICE的仿真软件下建立了系统各个主电路部分和控制部分的模型,在分部模型的基础上建立了系统的整体模型,仿真结果分析验证了各部分电路和整体系统的可行性和正确性,为后续的项目研究奠定了基础。
At present, the incidence of breast cancer have leapt to the top from the second in women malignant tumor, and tends to younger, the harm of breast cancer to human health has led to the World Health Organization and the medical profession's high attention. Early detection, early diagnosis, early treatment of breast cancer is the key to reducing breast cancer mortality. Traditional film photography for dense breast and the consistency of dense breast lesions have obvious limitations. With the development of computer technology, digital breast X-ray photographic technique is gradually replacing the traditional film-screen combination has become the mainstream of clinical application.
Traditional breast X-ray machine operating frequency are fifty hertz, this will inevitably lead to the structure of its electronic control system cumbersome、bulky、low degree of automation. In addition, the breast X-ray machine independently control three basic parameters of KV or mA or s in the process of perspective and photographic, the main control components are selector switch, general-purpose relays and contactors, control effect is bad, its hard to smaller, portable and intelligent. In this paper, the design of digital electronic control system of breast machine used modern new power electronics technology, operating frequency substantially get to several thousands hertz, therefore reduces the core, the volume of high-tension line package, reduce the weight and size of the high voltage generator. High-voltage generator using a combination of step-up voltage transformer and voltage multiplying rectifier, not only access to the output DC voltage increases and obtain a better ripple effect. In this paper, combined with the use of single-chip and pulse width modulation technology to achieve digital control system, and by the single-chip microcomputer to achieve closed-loop control of KV、mA,well-designed closed-loop control system stability compensation, obtained high-precision control, this will also greatly reduce the volume and weight of high-pressure control devices. Electronic control system used digital signal control, controller with modular structure ensure a more portable, more reliable and achieved intelligent electronic control system.
Finally, in ORCAD/PSPICE simulation software to establish a system under the main circuit and control of some part of the model, establish the overall system model on the division model, through the analysis of simulation results to verify the feasibility of various parts of the circuit and the overall system, obtained better results.
引文
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[8]刘小娟,翟仁友.胶屏乳腺X线摄影和数字化乳腺X线摄影的对比研究[J].国际医学放射学杂志,2008,31(6):453-457
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[37] Cochrane,Boroyevic.Passive Cancellation of Common-Mode Noise in Power Electronic Circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(3): 1025-1029
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[2]邵志敏,余科达.乳腺外科的发展趋势[J].中国普外基础与临床杂志.2007,14(3):252-254
[3]王瑞玉,张连强,王丹.医用数字乳腺X射线机原理构造和维修[M].第1版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2007,1-4;34-37
[4] Kim H H,Pisano E D,Cole E B,etal.Comparison of calcification specificityindigital mammography using soft-copy display versus screen-film mammography[J].AJR 2006,187(7):47-50
[5] Fischer U,Hermann K P,Baum F.Digital mammography current state and future aspects[J].Eur Radiol,2006,16(1):38-44
[6]王溶泉,彭明辰.医用大型X线机系统[M].第1版.北京:人民军医出版社,1995,237-239
[7] Gennaro G,Di Maggio C.Dose comparison between screen/film and full-field digital mammography[J].Eur Radiol,2006,16(11):2559-2566
[8]刘小娟,翟仁友.胶屏乳腺X线摄影和数字化乳腺X线摄影的对比研究[J].国际医学放射学杂志,2008,31(6):453-457
[9]吴遵红,方义俊.3005型便携式X射线机小型化研究[J].特种设备安全技术,2008,12(4):24-26
[10]陈旭.我国医用X射线机的发展[J].世界医疗器械,2000,16(8):67-70
[11]李曾豫、沈翔、郭维东等.医用X射线机原理、构造与维修[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,1999,36-39
[12]曹厚德,蒋志新,任蓓薇.乳腺X射线摄影的物理原理及技术方法[J].世界医疗器械,1999, 8(11):25-28
[13]韩华.微机在医用X光机主机控制系统中的应用[J].实用测试技术,2001,52(2):9-10
[14]包爱国,田明,张强.数字化X线诊断设备概述[J].临床放射学杂志,2001,20(12):32-33
[15]刘惠青.浅论高频32kW医用X射线机[J].医疗设备信息,2006,21(6):39-41
[16]马少凡.电容电感滤波[J].电源技术,2004,13(1):40-41
[17]浣喜明,姚为正.电力电子技术[M].第2版.北京:高等教育出版社,2004,78-79
[18]侯振宜.直流开关电源技术及应用[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006,65-73
[19]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2001,143-164
[20]肖小庆.750KV/5mA可换极性变频式直流高电压发生器[D]:[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,2001,9-10
[21] Abraham I.Pressman.开关电源设计[M].王志强.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,65-66
[22]高新华.新型直流高压发生器的研制[D]:[上海交通大学硕士学位论文].上海:上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院,2005,10-12
[23]李爱文,张承慧.现代逆变技术及其应用[M].第1版.北京:科学出版社,2000,94-110
[24]梅开乡.SG32525芯片在开关电源中的应用[J].电子工程师,2006,32(6):28-30
[25]黄晓林.脉宽调制器SG3525及其在变频电源中的应用研究[J].电气传动,2005,35(10):31-34
[26]李瑾.一种基于SG3525的可逆直流脉宽调速实验电路[J].通信电源技术,2006,23(5):12-16
[27]倪海东,蒋玉萍.高频开关集成控制器[M].第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004,22-29
[28]张维,刘开绪.基于IR2113的静电高压直流电源电路设计[J].哈尔滨师范大学自然科学学报,2006,22(2):61-64
[29]王剑,王宏华,袁晓玲等.集成功率驱动电路IR2110应用探讨[J].机床与液压,2008,36(7):388-399
[30]孙鸿祥,郑丹,祝典.基于IR2l10的驱动电路应用和设计技巧[J].科技创新导报,2008,35(1):42-43
[31]王其岗,荣焱.开关电源稳定性设计[J].电源技术应用,2008,11(6):1-5
[32]胡松涛.自动控制原理[M].第4版.北京:科学出版社,2001,201-206
[33]施树春,王国伟,张颜萍.基于MATLAB的二级低通电路的频率响应[J].甘肃科技纵横,2006,35(6):34-35
[34] Pressman,Abraham.Switching power supply design[M].Second Edition.北京:电子工业出版社,2005,293-323
[35] Lloyd,Dixon.Closing the Feedback Loop[Z].Unitrode Seminar Handbook,SEM-300,Topic 2,2001,21-27
[36]闫大新,卢文生,邓孝祥.宽范围输入反激式开关电源稳定性分析及补偿设计[J].电源世界,2006,15(6):15-17
[37] Cochrane,Boroyevic.Passive Cancellation of Common-Mode Noise in Power Electronic Circuits[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics,2003,18(3): 1025-1029
[38] D Mitchell,B Mammano.Designing stable control loops[J].Unitrode Design Seminars,2001,22(5):1-28
[39]杨磊.安检设备用高频X射线源研制[D]:[兰州大学硕士学位论文].兰州:兰州大学信息科学与工程学院,2007,28-29
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