基于超导磁体的快速换能系统研究
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摘要
高功率脉冲技术作为高新、尖端技术日益受到重视,其在国防建设以及国民生产中的应用越来越广泛,也越来越受到人们的关注。特别是在新概念武器及未来高速运载工具方面,具有极大的发展潜力。但脉冲功率技术指标主要取决于应用对象及应用场合,不同的应用场合需要脉冲源提供不同的输出脉冲幅值、脉冲前沿及脉冲宽度,一个脉冲电源是不可能适应所有的场合。因此,本文介绍了基于超导磁体的快速换能系统实现高功率脉冲输出的设计思路,并在此基础上改进变换系统,是本论文的核心问题所在。
由于超导储能磁体可以使用小型低电压电源实现缓充电,同时能够无阻的长期运行,能量损耗极小,另外还有储能密度高、响应快、持续性能强、无噪音、体积小的优点。故选择超导线圈作为初级储能系统,在超导线圈向中间储能元件和中间储能元件向负载快速放电过程中研究功率脉冲技术,实现超导磁体内能量的再利用。能量通过脉冲压缩、整形、传输、匹配和开关等功率调节系统处理,得到理想的高幅度、大功率、陡前沿的电脉冲输出,为特定的应用目标提供强电流功率脉冲,是本系统的设计目的。
本论文所述的基于超导磁体的能量快速变换系统,作为一个以电路为主的系统。首先,探讨了基于超导磁体的换能系统的关键技术,包括超导应用技术、脉冲功率技术和换流技术;其次,研究了超导磁体快速释能,通过理论计算、软件仿真和实验论证了超导磁体使用各种释能元件放电的过程及优缺点,确定基于超导磁体的快速换能系统设计方案;最后,完成了基于超导磁体的快速换能系统的电路设计,包括各种器件的选择、使用及保护;通过软件仿真和实验论证了换能系统的可行性,并研究了其改进系统,使之满足特定场合的需求。
As a high and top technology, High Power Pulse Technology is applied widely in National Defense Construction and civil manufacture. It has received more and more attentions. It has great potential for development, especially be attached to the application for the future launch vehicles and new concept weapons. But pulsed power technology application mainly depends on the requirement, different applications need the specific amplitude, pulse width and so on, so a pulse power supply can not adapt to all occasions. Therefore, this paper introduces a rapidly energy conversion system which can obtain high-power pulse output based on superconducting magnet energy system, and improve the transformation system, it is the core problem of this paper.
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage system can be charged by a low-voltage power supply. At the same time it can store energy for long time with high energy density, small energy loss, fast response, no noise, small size and so on. Selecting superconducting magnet as the primary energy in the system, high power pulse technology is researched through the energy transfer system including the superconducting magnet, the middle energy storage components and the load. For getting an ideal high electrical pulse output, energy is be disposed by means of pulse compression, shaping, transmission and switching. The energy in the superconducting magnet is reused. The purpose of the system is to provide a high current pulse power output for some application of the specific device.
In this paper, as a circuit-based system, the system based on superconducting magnetic energy storage is designed. Firstly, the experiment researches on the key technology to the system, including the application of superconducting technology, pulsed power technology and energy exchanging technology. Secondly, the quick energy released process of the superconducting magnet has been researched. The simulation and experiment is done to demonstrate the advantages of the fast transfer system. Finally, the rapid energy conversion system that based on superconductive magnet is designed, including the choice of circuit devices and the protection system. Through the software simulation and experimental verification, the transfer system is improved.
由于超导储能磁体可以使用小型低电压电源实现缓充电,同时能够无阻的长期运行,能量损耗极小,另外还有储能密度高、响应快、持续性能强、无噪音、体积小的优点。故选择超导线圈作为初级储能系统,在超导线圈向中间储能元件和中间储能元件向负载快速放电过程中研究功率脉冲技术,实现超导磁体内能量的再利用。能量通过脉冲压缩、整形、传输、匹配和开关等功率调节系统处理,得到理想的高幅度、大功率、陡前沿的电脉冲输出,为特定的应用目标提供强电流功率脉冲,是本系统的设计目的。
本论文所述的基于超导磁体的能量快速变换系统,作为一个以电路为主的系统。首先,探讨了基于超导磁体的换能系统的关键技术,包括超导应用技术、脉冲功率技术和换流技术;其次,研究了超导磁体快速释能,通过理论计算、软件仿真和实验论证了超导磁体使用各种释能元件放电的过程及优缺点,确定基于超导磁体的快速换能系统设计方案;最后,完成了基于超导磁体的快速换能系统的电路设计,包括各种器件的选择、使用及保护;通过软件仿真和实验论证了换能系统的可行性,并研究了其改进系统,使之满足特定场合的需求。
As a high and top technology, High Power Pulse Technology is applied widely in National Defense Construction and civil manufacture. It has received more and more attentions. It has great potential for development, especially be attached to the application for the future launch vehicles and new concept weapons. But pulsed power technology application mainly depends on the requirement, different applications need the specific amplitude, pulse width and so on, so a pulse power supply can not adapt to all occasions. Therefore, this paper introduces a rapidly energy conversion system which can obtain high-power pulse output based on superconducting magnet energy system, and improve the transformation system, it is the core problem of this paper.
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage system can be charged by a low-voltage power supply. At the same time it can store energy for long time with high energy density, small energy loss, fast response, no noise, small size and so on. Selecting superconducting magnet as the primary energy in the system, high power pulse technology is researched through the energy transfer system including the superconducting magnet, the middle energy storage components and the load. For getting an ideal high electrical pulse output, energy is be disposed by means of pulse compression, shaping, transmission and switching. The energy in the superconducting magnet is reused. The purpose of the system is to provide a high current pulse power output for some application of the specific device.
In this paper, as a circuit-based system, the system based on superconducting magnetic energy storage is designed. Firstly, the experiment researches on the key technology to the system, including the application of superconducting technology, pulsed power technology and energy exchanging technology. Secondly, the quick energy released process of the superconducting magnet has been researched. The simulation and experiment is done to demonstrate the advantages of the fast transfer system. Finally, the rapid energy conversion system that based on superconductive magnet is designed, including the choice of circuit devices and the protection system. Through the software simulation and experimental verification, the transfer system is improved.
引文
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