一种紧凑型重复频率脉冲触发源研究
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摘要
带触发的气体间隙开关以其工作范围广、易于使用、通流能力强等特点在脉冲功率技术领域应用广泛。开关导通的性能(如开关的抖动,放电速度等),除了与开关结构、气体类型、内部气压和电极形状等有关外,触发脉冲的上升陡度、峰值电压及注入能量等都有重要的影响。本课题研制一种紧凑型重复频率的脉冲触发源,该触发源运行稳定,实现了对带触发气体间隙开关的稳定触发。
本文从理论上运用数值方法分析了脉冲触发源系统,通过电路分析方法求解电路方程,对脉冲触发源电路进行了理论分析,求解出了触发脉冲电压、电流的近似表达式;运用Pspice软件对脉冲触发源电路中各部分参数变化对触发源输出电压的影响进行了参数扫描分析。这些分析和计算在一定程度上指导了脉冲触发源的设计和研制。
在查阅常用绝缘材料和磁性材料性能的基础上对材料进行了选取,对触发源高压输出部分的结构进行了工程设计;比较了传统恒压充电和L-C谐振恒流充电两种充电模式,设计了充电模块;使用电子电路设计软件Protel,对脉冲触发源控制部分进行了设计;运用电磁场模拟软件分别对脉冲触发源的充电电容和脉冲变压器进行了电场和磁场模拟。
在理论分析以及部件设计的基础上,研制了一种紧凑型重复频率的脉冲触发源。对所研制的脉冲触发源各部分参数进行了测量,用该触发源对高功率重频气体开关进行了触发实验,并且对其输出电压进行了测量。触发源输出脉冲比较稳定,峰值电压100kV,上升前沿为80ns,半高脉宽为200ns左右。
Triggered gas gap switch is widely used in pulse power field because of its wide working range, easy operating, good breakdown current capability and other good characteristics. The breakdown performances of gas switches, such as the jitter, breakdown time, are not only determined by the gas type, internal pressure, and electrode geometry but also affected by the characteristics of the trigger generator, such as the rise rate, peak voltage, pulse energy, and so on. A compact, repetitive trigger generator is studied in the thesis.
The circuit of pulsed trigger generator is analyzed, and the output voltage and current approximate expressions of the generator are deduced. And the Pspice circuit analysis is employed to model the generator. To study the output voltage waveform effect by the parameter changes, the parameter sweep analysis is simulated for each part of the generator. The calculation and derivation results are helpful in the trigger generator’s design.
On the base of the investigation of the insulation material and magnetic material, the high-voltage part of trigger generator is designed; Comparing the traditional constant voltage changing with the L-C resonance constant current changing, the charging module is designed; Using the circuit design software Protel, the control part of trigger generator is developed; The electromagnetic field analysis in charging capacitor and pulse transformer is carried out by employing an ANSYS software for, which is based on the finite element method (FEM).
Based on the theoretical analysis and component design, a compact, repetitive trigger generator is fabricated and assembled. And the parameters of each part are measured. In the end, the trigger generator is experimentally investigated by triggering a high-voltage gas switch, and the output pulse is measured. The peak voltage reaches 100kV, the rise time is 80ns, and the FWHM is about 200ns.
本文从理论上运用数值方法分析了脉冲触发源系统,通过电路分析方法求解电路方程,对脉冲触发源电路进行了理论分析,求解出了触发脉冲电压、电流的近似表达式;运用Pspice软件对脉冲触发源电路中各部分参数变化对触发源输出电压的影响进行了参数扫描分析。这些分析和计算在一定程度上指导了脉冲触发源的设计和研制。
在查阅常用绝缘材料和磁性材料性能的基础上对材料进行了选取,对触发源高压输出部分的结构进行了工程设计;比较了传统恒压充电和L-C谐振恒流充电两种充电模式,设计了充电模块;使用电子电路设计软件Protel,对脉冲触发源控制部分进行了设计;运用电磁场模拟软件分别对脉冲触发源的充电电容和脉冲变压器进行了电场和磁场模拟。
在理论分析以及部件设计的基础上,研制了一种紧凑型重复频率的脉冲触发源。对所研制的脉冲触发源各部分参数进行了测量,用该触发源对高功率重频气体开关进行了触发实验,并且对其输出电压进行了测量。触发源输出脉冲比较稳定,峰值电压100kV,上升前沿为80ns,半高脉宽为200ns左右。
Triggered gas gap switch is widely used in pulse power field because of its wide working range, easy operating, good breakdown current capability and other good characteristics. The breakdown performances of gas switches, such as the jitter, breakdown time, are not only determined by the gas type, internal pressure, and electrode geometry but also affected by the characteristics of the trigger generator, such as the rise rate, peak voltage, pulse energy, and so on. A compact, repetitive trigger generator is studied in the thesis.
The circuit of pulsed trigger generator is analyzed, and the output voltage and current approximate expressions of the generator are deduced. And the Pspice circuit analysis is employed to model the generator. To study the output voltage waveform effect by the parameter changes, the parameter sweep analysis is simulated for each part of the generator. The calculation and derivation results are helpful in the trigger generator’s design.
On the base of the investigation of the insulation material and magnetic material, the high-voltage part of trigger generator is designed; Comparing the traditional constant voltage changing with the L-C resonance constant current changing, the charging module is designed; Using the circuit design software Protel, the control part of trigger generator is developed; The electromagnetic field analysis in charging capacitor and pulse transformer is carried out by employing an ANSYS software for, which is based on the finite element method (FEM).
Based on the theoretical analysis and component design, a compact, repetitive trigger generator is fabricated and assembled. And the parameters of each part are measured. In the end, the trigger generator is experimentally investigated by triggering a high-voltage gas switch, and the output pulse is measured. The peak voltage reaches 100kV, the rise time is 80ns, and the FWHM is about 200ns.
引文
[1]贺臣,何孟兵,李劲.高陡度场畸变开关触发系统的研制.高电压技术,2004,30(7):43-45.
[2] Osmokrovic P , Arsic N , Lazarevic Z , et al. Triggered vacuum and gas sparkgaps[J ]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery , 1996 , 11 (2) : 8582864.
[3] Mayes J R, Carey W J,Nunnally W C,et al. Sub-nanosecond Jitter Operation Of MARX Generator. 13`h Pulsed Power/ 28`1' Plasma Science, Digest of Technical Papers,Nevada,USA,20 01,1 :4 71-474.
[4]李胜利,李艳,李劲等.优化电极场畸变间隙开关动作特性的实验研究.华中科技大学学报,2001,29(3):4-6.
[5]贺臣.重复频率长寿命气体火花开关的研究.华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2004:35-36.
[6] Geoffrey C Watt,Peter J Evans.A Trigger Power Supply for Vacuum Arc Ion Sources.IEEE Trans.on Plasma Science,1993,21(5):547-551.
[7] S J MacGregor, S M Turnbull, F A Tuema.A 100kV,1kHz Trigger Pulse Generator. IEEE Trans on Plasma Science,154-156.
[8]冯弟超,常安碧等.重复频率高压脉冲触发源的研制.中国工程物理研究院科技年报,242.
[9]马东升.数值计算方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001年.
[10]周守昌.电路原理(上册)[M].高等教育出版社,1979年.
[11] J P O’Loughlin.“Transient Circuit Analysis on Small Computers”,16th Power Modulator Symposium,1984,Lib Cong 84-81084,pp216-219.
[12] Kenneth H Carpenter,“Numerical Simulation of Pulse Transformer Circuits Including Dynamic Hysteresis Effects”, Power Modulator Symposium,1992.
[13]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003年.
[14]贾新章等著.OrCAD/Pspice 9实用教程[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003年.
[15]陈永真.电容器及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005年.
[16]王瑞华.脉冲变压器设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1987年.
[17]刘进友译.脉冲变压器计算[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,1982.
[18] James P O’Loughlin , Jack D Sidler , Gerry J Rohwein. Air Core Pulse Transformer Design[C].Proc of 18th IEEE Power Modulator Symposium, June 1988.
[19] G J RohweinA.Low-Impedance High-Voltage Direct-Drive Transformer System[C],18th Power Modulator Symposium, June 1988.
[20]曾正中等编著.实用脉冲功率引论[M].陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,2003.
[21] G J Rohwein,“A Three Megavolt Transformer for PFL Pulse Charging”, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,Vol NS-26,No.3,June 1979.
[22]卡兰塔罗夫,采伊特林.电感计算手册[M].机械工业出版社,1986年,52~54.
[23] V.W.卡姆普曲克,E勒斯.铁氧体磁芯[M].北京:科学出版社,1986年.
[24] E T Bernhardt , E Y Chu , and R M Ness , A compact, high repetition-rate trigger generator.7th IEEE International Pulse Power Conference. pp.290-293, 1989.
[25] Hong Tang , Viktor Scuka, The Breakdown Mechanism of a Mid-plane Triggered Spark Gap Trigatron, IEEE ,Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.3 NO.6,December 1996.843-848.
[26]刘锡三.高功率脉冲技术[M].国防工业出版社,2005.
[27] Scott J MacGREGOR , Fadhil A Tuema , Steven M Turnbull , and Owen Farish,The Influence of Polarity on Trigatron Switching Performance[J],IEEE Transactions On Plasma Science, 25(2)1997,P118-123.
[28]丁卫东,张乔根,邱毓昌.高电压恒流源的应用及发展.高电压技术.1999,25 (4): 64-68.
[29]王新新,王志文.关于L-C谐振恒流电路用于高压充电的几个问题.高电压技术,1997,23(4):53-55.
[30]孟洲,钟辉煌,彭光顺.大功率无级可调恒流网络的研制.高电压技术.1997,23 (4): 19-21.
[31]陈钟鸣,钟高斌.具有T L-C变换器高精度高重复频率充电电源.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2000, 23 (2):259-265.
[32]波尔科夫B,巴枯速柯B.M.激光器的电源.孙乃庚译.北京:科学出版社,1980.12.
[33] Jiang Huai-gang, Li Qiao,He Zhi-wei,“Technology of Drive and Protection Circuit for IGBT Module”. Power Supply Tech and App, pp. 4-8, July, 2003.
[34]盛祖权,张立.IGBT模块驱动及保护技术电焊机.2000,30 (11): 6-13.
[35]邢卓异,朱齐丹,李新飞.陀螺供电电源设计.电源技术应用2005,11(8):26-29.
[36]陈坚.电力电子学一电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社.2002.1.
[37]清华大学电力系高电压技术专业编著.冲击大电流技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 1987.
[2] Osmokrovic P , Arsic N , Lazarevic Z , et al. Triggered vacuum and gas sparkgaps[J ]. IEEE Trans on Power Delivery , 1996 , 11 (2) : 8582864.
[3] Mayes J R, Carey W J,Nunnally W C,et al. Sub-nanosecond Jitter Operation Of MARX Generator. 13`h Pulsed Power/ 28`1' Plasma Science, Digest of Technical Papers,Nevada,USA,20 01,1 :4 71-474.
[4]李胜利,李艳,李劲等.优化电极场畸变间隙开关动作特性的实验研究.华中科技大学学报,2001,29(3):4-6.
[5]贺臣.重复频率长寿命气体火花开关的研究.华中科技大学硕士学位论文,2004:35-36.
[6] Geoffrey C Watt,Peter J Evans.A Trigger Power Supply for Vacuum Arc Ion Sources.IEEE Trans.on Plasma Science,1993,21(5):547-551.
[7] S J MacGregor, S M Turnbull, F A Tuema.A 100kV,1kHz Trigger Pulse Generator. IEEE Trans on Plasma Science,154-156.
[8]冯弟超,常安碧等.重复频率高压脉冲触发源的研制.中国工程物理研究院科技年报,242.
[9]马东升.数值计算方法[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2001年.
[10]周守昌.电路原理(上册)[M].高等教育出版社,1979年.
[11] J P O’Loughlin.“Transient Circuit Analysis on Small Computers”,16th Power Modulator Symposium,1984,Lib Cong 84-81084,pp216-219.
[12] Kenneth H Carpenter,“Numerical Simulation of Pulse Transformer Circuits Including Dynamic Hysteresis Effects”, Power Modulator Symposium,1992.
[13]张志涌.精通MATLAB6.5版[M].北京:航空航天大学出版社,2003年.
[14]贾新章等著.OrCAD/Pspice 9实用教程[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2003年.
[15]陈永真.电容器及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2005年.
[16]王瑞华.脉冲变压器设计[M].北京:科学出版社,1987年.
[17]刘进友译.脉冲变压器计算[M].南宁:广西人民出版社,1982.
[18] James P O’Loughlin , Jack D Sidler , Gerry J Rohwein. Air Core Pulse Transformer Design[C].Proc of 18th IEEE Power Modulator Symposium, June 1988.
[19] G J RohweinA.Low-Impedance High-Voltage Direct-Drive Transformer System[C],18th Power Modulator Symposium, June 1988.
[20]曾正中等编著.实用脉冲功率引论[M].陕西:陕西科学技术出版社,2003.
[21] G J Rohwein,“A Three Megavolt Transformer for PFL Pulse Charging”, IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science,Vol NS-26,No.3,June 1979.
[22]卡兰塔罗夫,采伊特林.电感计算手册[M].机械工业出版社,1986年,52~54.
[23] V.W.卡姆普曲克,E勒斯.铁氧体磁芯[M].北京:科学出版社,1986年.
[24] E T Bernhardt , E Y Chu , and R M Ness , A compact, high repetition-rate trigger generator.7th IEEE International Pulse Power Conference. pp.290-293, 1989.
[25] Hong Tang , Viktor Scuka, The Breakdown Mechanism of a Mid-plane Triggered Spark Gap Trigatron, IEEE ,Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, Vol.3 NO.6,December 1996.843-848.
[26]刘锡三.高功率脉冲技术[M].国防工业出版社,2005.
[27] Scott J MacGREGOR , Fadhil A Tuema , Steven M Turnbull , and Owen Farish,The Influence of Polarity on Trigatron Switching Performance[J],IEEE Transactions On Plasma Science, 25(2)1997,P118-123.
[28]丁卫东,张乔根,邱毓昌.高电压恒流源的应用及发展.高电压技术.1999,25 (4): 64-68.
[29]王新新,王志文.关于L-C谐振恒流电路用于高压充电的几个问题.高电压技术,1997,23(4):53-55.
[30]孟洲,钟辉煌,彭光顺.大功率无级可调恒流网络的研制.高电压技术.1997,23 (4): 19-21.
[31]陈钟鸣,钟高斌.具有T L-C变换器高精度高重复频率充电电源.合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版).2000, 23 (2):259-265.
[32]波尔科夫B,巴枯速柯B.M.激光器的电源.孙乃庚译.北京:科学出版社,1980.12.
[33] Jiang Huai-gang, Li Qiao,He Zhi-wei,“Technology of Drive and Protection Circuit for IGBT Module”. Power Supply Tech and App, pp. 4-8, July, 2003.
[34]盛祖权,张立.IGBT模块驱动及保护技术电焊机.2000,30 (11): 6-13.
[35]邢卓异,朱齐丹,李新飞.陀螺供电电源设计.电源技术应用2005,11(8):26-29.
[36]陈坚.电力电子学一电力电子变换和控制技术.北京:高等教育出版社.2002.1.
[37]清华大学电力系高电压技术专业编著.冲击大电流技术[M].北京:科学出版社, 1987.