汽车尾气处理高压脉冲电源的研究
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摘要
放电等离子体废气处理技术的进步和其飞速发展的工业化步伐,汽车尾气污染治理的迫切要求,以及传统处理技术与排放标准越来越严格的矛盾,构成了本文课题研究的背景。在相关技术、实验装置及工业化装置缺乏的情况之下,本文对汽车尾气处理的紧凑型全固态开关功率脉冲电源装置和系统开展了全面的研究。
首先对紧凑型功率脉冲电源及应用的研究进展以及放电等离子体汽车尾气处理技术的研究进展进行评述,确定本文研究工作的发展平台。接下来对放电等离子体废气处理技术进行综合阐述,包括汽车尾气净化的方法及其对比、放电等离子体污染物处理机理、放电等离子体汽车尾气处理系统等内容,特别对低压直流供电的紧凑型功率脉冲电源、放电等离子体反应器的结构设计进行初步介绍。
根据尾气处理对高压脉冲电源的技术要求,对主电路的工作原理进行阐述,对工作过程进行全面的数学分析,并用MATLAB数值仿真进行验证,之后基于PSpice对主电路进行动态过程和变负载输出特性的全面仿真分析研究,在此基础上分析了电源能量转化的效率。在高压脉冲电源的硬件电路设计中,主要进行了主电路元件参数计算和选型、功率脉冲变压器设计与校核、控制电路的设计、固态开关驱动与保护电路设计、EMC设计等项工作。
在分析了高压脉冲电源尾气处理系统对控制的要求之后,给出了具体的控制方案和程序流程,进行了系统控制软件设计,特别介绍了峰值检测和软件滤波的实现方法。文中对样机的调试和实验进行说明,包括装置的结构、调试的步骤及实验结果和数据分析等内容。
本文的研究是汽车尾气高压脉冲放电处理技术及其工业化的一个尝试,期望研究工作及其成果对相关领域研究的进程和我国相关技术工业化步伐的加快有促进作用。
Under the background of the advancement of discharge plasma exhaust treatment technology and its rapid pace of industrialization, the urgent requirement of automobile exhaust treatment, the contradiction between the traditional purification method and the strict exhaust standards, and the lack of relevant technology, experiment and industrialized devices, this paper makes an investigation on compact all solid-state switches pulsed power supply and the system for automobile exhaust gas treatment.
The paper reviews the development of compact pulsed power supply and its application as well as the discharge plasma exhaust treatment technology. The discharge plasma exhaust treatment technology is summarized, including the comparison of different purification methods, the principle of discharge plasma pollution treatment and the whole purification system construction. The construction design of discharge plasma reactor and the compact pulsed power supply based on low DC voltage are introduced.
The working process of the main circuit is analyzed, including the technical requirements of pulsed power supply, the topology, the working principle, the mathematical analysis using MATLAB, the PSpice simulation of the dynamic process of main circuit and the output characteristics of varied loads, and the energy efficiency. The system hardware design contains the calculation of key components in the main circuit, the pulse transformer, the control circuit, the solid-state switches drive and protection circuit, the EMC etc.
The software includes control strategy and program flows, especially the peak value detection and software filter methods. The prototype and relevant experiments are explained, including the construction of the device, the debugging process and the experiment results and data analysis.
The research in this paper is a trial of discharge plasma automobile exhaust treatment technology and its industrialization. It is expected the work and results will do some help for the research in relevant field and improving the industrialization of this technoloy in our country.
首先对紧凑型功率脉冲电源及应用的研究进展以及放电等离子体汽车尾气处理技术的研究进展进行评述,确定本文研究工作的发展平台。接下来对放电等离子体废气处理技术进行综合阐述,包括汽车尾气净化的方法及其对比、放电等离子体污染物处理机理、放电等离子体汽车尾气处理系统等内容,特别对低压直流供电的紧凑型功率脉冲电源、放电等离子体反应器的结构设计进行初步介绍。
根据尾气处理对高压脉冲电源的技术要求,对主电路的工作原理进行阐述,对工作过程进行全面的数学分析,并用MATLAB数值仿真进行验证,之后基于PSpice对主电路进行动态过程和变负载输出特性的全面仿真分析研究,在此基础上分析了电源能量转化的效率。在高压脉冲电源的硬件电路设计中,主要进行了主电路元件参数计算和选型、功率脉冲变压器设计与校核、控制电路的设计、固态开关驱动与保护电路设计、EMC设计等项工作。
在分析了高压脉冲电源尾气处理系统对控制的要求之后,给出了具体的控制方案和程序流程,进行了系统控制软件设计,特别介绍了峰值检测和软件滤波的实现方法。文中对样机的调试和实验进行说明,包括装置的结构、调试的步骤及实验结果和数据分析等内容。
本文的研究是汽车尾气高压脉冲放电处理技术及其工业化的一个尝试,期望研究工作及其成果对相关领域研究的进程和我国相关技术工业化步伐的加快有促进作用。
Under the background of the advancement of discharge plasma exhaust treatment technology and its rapid pace of industrialization, the urgent requirement of automobile exhaust treatment, the contradiction between the traditional purification method and the strict exhaust standards, and the lack of relevant technology, experiment and industrialized devices, this paper makes an investigation on compact all solid-state switches pulsed power supply and the system for automobile exhaust gas treatment.
The paper reviews the development of compact pulsed power supply and its application as well as the discharge plasma exhaust treatment technology. The discharge plasma exhaust treatment technology is summarized, including the comparison of different purification methods, the principle of discharge plasma pollution treatment and the whole purification system construction. The construction design of discharge plasma reactor and the compact pulsed power supply based on low DC voltage are introduced.
The working process of the main circuit is analyzed, including the technical requirements of pulsed power supply, the topology, the working principle, the mathematical analysis using MATLAB, the PSpice simulation of the dynamic process of main circuit and the output characteristics of varied loads, and the energy efficiency. The system hardware design contains the calculation of key components in the main circuit, the pulse transformer, the control circuit, the solid-state switches drive and protection circuit, the EMC etc.
The software includes control strategy and program flows, especially the peak value detection and software filter methods. The prototype and relevant experiments are explained, including the construction of the device, the debugging process and the experiment results and data analysis.
The research in this paper is a trial of discharge plasma automobile exhaust treatment technology and its industrialization. It is expected the work and results will do some help for the research in relevant field and improving the industrialization of this technoloy in our country.
引文
1 M. V. Fazio, H. C. Kirbie. Ultracompact Pulsed Power. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004, 92(7): 1197~1204
2 W. J. Sarjeant, R. E. Dollinger, J. Zirnheld, F. M. Macdougall, H. Goleberg. Capacitors-Past, Present and Future: A Trans-National Perspective. Proceedings of the 22nd International Power Modulator Symposium, Boca Raton, FL, 1996:209~212
3 J. C. Dickens, J. Bridges, M. Kristiansen. Compact Modulator Using Inductive Energy Storage and a Solid State Opening Switch. Proceedings of the 1996 22nd International Power Modulator Symposium, Boca Raton, FL, 1996:55~58
4 H. Akiyama, U. Katschinski, K. Murayama, S. Katsuki, S. Tsukamoto. Repetitive Pulsed Power Generators Using an Inductive Energy Storage System. Proceedings of the 1995 10th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, Albuquerque, NM. 1996:312~315
5 E. E. Bowles, W. G. Homeyer, J. M. Rawls, M. W. Heyse, J. B. Cornette, N. E. Taconi Jr. 25kA, 5000V Solid State Opening Switch for Inductive Energy Stores. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1993, 29(1):911~914
6 Sigo Scharnholz, Volker Brommer, Günter Buderer, Emil Spahn. High-Power MOSFETs and Fast-Switching Thyristors Utilized as Opening Switches for Inductive Storage Systems. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 39(1):437~441
7 W. Jiang, K. Yatsui, K. Takayama, M. Akemoto, E. Nakamura, N. Shimizu, A. Tokuchi, S. Rukin, V. Tarasenko, and A. Panchenko. Compact Solid-State Switched Pulsed Power and Its Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004, 92(7): 1180~1196
8 A. Pokryvailo, M. Kanter, N. Shalced. A Two-Stage Opening Switch for Inductive Energy Storage Systems. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998, 34(3): 655~663
9 Yu. V. Vilkov, A. S. Kravchenko, V. D. Selemir. Magnetocumulative Source of High-Power Pulses with Double Inductive Energy Storage. 12th IEEEInternational Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, 1999:732~734
10 O. G.. Egorov. Combined Opening Switch(Vacuum Interrupter + PEOS) in Power Pulsers Based on Inductive Energy Storages. International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, Tours, France, 2002:610~613
11 J. A. Gaudet, R. J. Barker, C. J. Buchenauer. Research Issues in Developing Compact Pulsed Power for High Peak Power Applications on Mobile Platforms. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004,92(7): 1144~1165
12 J. Sidneyclements, Akira Mizuno. Combined Removal of SO2,NOX and Fly Ash from Simulated Flue Gas using Pulsed Streamer Corona. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1989,25 (1): 62~69
13 Akira Mizuno, Yoshiyuki Kisanuki.Indoor Air Cleaning Using a Pulsed Discharge Plasma. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1999,35(6): 1284~1288
14 Takao Namihira, Shunsuke Tsukamoto.Influence of Gas Flow Rate and Reactor Length on NO Removal Using Pulsed Power.IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2001,29(4): 592~598
15任先文,赵君科,王保健,涂国锋,李小金,张之福,胡新康. 200kW烟气治理用脉冲电源的研制.高电压技术. 2005, 31(11):33~34
16依成武,满书玲,白希尧,李向东,张芝涛,姜长忠.对大型柴油车(机)排放烟气治理的实验探讨.环境工程, 1994,12(3):30~32
17张希华,董金昌.脉冲放电汽车尾气净化新技术研究及产品开发.环境技术, 2000.2: 31~35
18赵文华,吴苹,张旭东.应用冷等离子体净化尾气中NO的研究.环境污染治理技术与设备, 2002,3(5): 70~74
19杨新桦,李晓红,卢义玉,雷向阳,康勇.高压脉冲电晕处理发动机尾气中的NO的实验研究,环境污染治理技术与设备, 2002,3(3): 56~59
20朱元右,姜银方.等离子体技术在大气污染治理中的应用.环境卫生工程, 2003,11(4):183~186
21闫有旺.汽车尾气污染防治技术.化学世界, 2002,2:127~128
22杨莉,胡红辉,王砚,汽车尾气三效催化净化技术研究.武汉科技学院学报, 2002,15(1):54~57
23李勤.现代内燃机排气污染物的测量与控制.机械工业出版社, 1998
24聂勇.脉冲放电等离子体治理有机废气放大试验研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2004,3:6~7
25 Y. Chung, C. Yang, H. Kim, C. P. Burkhart, J. R. Bayless. All Solid-State Switched Pulser for Air Pollution Control System. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, 1999: 177~180
26 Wang Xiaoming, Shi Wenxiang, Zhao Ying, Tang Yu, Zhang Jiangong, Guan Lei. Study Development of Plasma Rechnology for Cleaning Indoor Air. High Voltage Engineering, 2004,30(1):48~51
27 Koichi Takaki and Tamiya Fujiwara. Multipoint Barrier Discharge Process for Removal of NOx from Diesel Engine Exhaust. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2001, 29(3): 518~523
28 Masayuki Sato, Takashi Ohgiyama, and J.S.Clements. Fomation of Chemical Species and Their Effects on Microorganisms Using a Pulsed High-Voltage Discharge in Water. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32(1): 106~112
29 A. Abou-Ghazala, S. Katsuki, Karl H. Schoenbach, F. C. Dobbs, and K. R. Moreira. Bacterial Decontamination of Water by Means of Pulsed-Corona Discharges. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2002, 30(4): 1449~1453
30 N.Grass, W. Hartmann, M. Klockner. Application of Different Types of High-Voltage Supplies on Industrial Electrostatic Precipitators. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, 40(6): 1513~1520
31 Regan W. Stinnett, Eugene L. Neau, David M. Barrett, Kerry P. Lamppa, and Forrest E. White. Commercial Applications and Equipment for Ion Beam Surface Treatment. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, Xi’an, 2000: 671~674
32 S. Korenev and I. Korenev. Compact Pulsed Ozone Generator. Power Modulator Symposium, San Francisco, CA, 2004: 352~355
33 E. L. Neau. Environmental and Industrial Applications of Pulsed Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1994, 22(1): 2~10
34 Kenneth R. Prestwich, Bob N. Turman, Eugene L. Neau, Ronald J. Kaye, Steven L. Shope and John S. Wagner. Potential Applications for Pulsed Power Technology. IEE Symposium on Pulsed Power, 1998:10/1~10/6
35 Young Sun Mok and In-Sik Nam. Positive Pulsed Corona Discharge Processfor Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NOX from Iron-Ore Sintering Flue Gas. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1999, 27(4): 1188~1196
36 Young Sun Mok, Sung Won Ham, and In-Sik Nam. Mathematical Analysis of Positive Pulsed Corona Discharge Process Employed for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1998, 16(5): 1566~1574
37 T. Yamamoto, B. S. Rajanikanth, M. Okubo, T. Kuroki, and M. Nishino. Performance Evaluation of Nonthermal Plasma Reactors for NO Oxidation in Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Treatment. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2003, 39(6): 1608~1613
38 W. Jiang, K. Yatsui, N. Shimizu, K. Iida and A. Tokuchi. Compact Pulsed Power Generators for Industrial Applications. Pulsed Power Conference, Dallas, TX, United States, 2003: 61~264
39 B. D. Min, J. H. Kim, E. Pavlov, D. W. You, M. H. Ryu and G. H. Rim. A Compact Pulse Generator using Diode Opening Switch for Engine Gas Treatment Application. IECON, Raleigh, NC, 2005: 1241~1243
40冯志宏,低温等离子体净化汽车尾气中NOx的反应动力学研究.江苏大学硕士学位论文, 2005:14-18
41孙亚兵,任兆杏,非平衡态等离子体技术在环境保护领域的应用.环境科学研究, 1998,11(4):24~26
42刘明海,邬钦崇,俞国扬,梁荣庆,任兆杏,胡希伟.低温等离子体技术在汽车尾气治理的发展动向.环境科学动态, 1999,3:18~20
43龚大国,袁宗宣,谢春梅,赵君科,贺克斌.等离子体汽车尾气治理技术,重庆环境科学, 2003,25(2):28~32
44王莹.高功率脉冲电源.原子能出版社, 1991:76~78
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46 J. Kim, J. Zhang, M. Giesselmann, J. Dickens, J. Mankowski, M. Kristiansen. Energy Efficiency Analysis of An Inductive Storage System. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, 1999:1145~1148
47杨玉刚.现代电力电子的磁技术.科学出版社, 2003:115~136
48王瑞华.脉冲变压器设计.科学出版社, 1987:113~130
49 Jamie Dunn, MOSFET驱动器与MOSFET的匹配设计, MicrochipTechnology Inc.应用笔记, AN799
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51路宏敏.工程电磁兼容.西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003:44~45
2 W. J. Sarjeant, R. E. Dollinger, J. Zirnheld, F. M. Macdougall, H. Goleberg. Capacitors-Past, Present and Future: A Trans-National Perspective. Proceedings of the 22nd International Power Modulator Symposium, Boca Raton, FL, 1996:209~212
3 J. C. Dickens, J. Bridges, M. Kristiansen. Compact Modulator Using Inductive Energy Storage and a Solid State Opening Switch. Proceedings of the 1996 22nd International Power Modulator Symposium, Boca Raton, FL, 1996:55~58
4 H. Akiyama, U. Katschinski, K. Murayama, S. Katsuki, S. Tsukamoto. Repetitive Pulsed Power Generators Using an Inductive Energy Storage System. Proceedings of the 1995 10th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, Albuquerque, NM. 1996:312~315
5 E. E. Bowles, W. G. Homeyer, J. M. Rawls, M. W. Heyse, J. B. Cornette, N. E. Taconi Jr. 25kA, 5000V Solid State Opening Switch for Inductive Energy Stores. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1993, 29(1):911~914
6 Sigo Scharnholz, Volker Brommer, Günter Buderer, Emil Spahn. High-Power MOSFETs and Fast-Switching Thyristors Utilized as Opening Switches for Inductive Storage Systems. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2003, 39(1):437~441
7 W. Jiang, K. Yatsui, K. Takayama, M. Akemoto, E. Nakamura, N. Shimizu, A. Tokuchi, S. Rukin, V. Tarasenko, and A. Panchenko. Compact Solid-State Switched Pulsed Power and Its Applications. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004, 92(7): 1180~1196
8 A. Pokryvailo, M. Kanter, N. Shalced. A Two-Stage Opening Switch for Inductive Energy Storage Systems. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 1998, 34(3): 655~663
9 Yu. V. Vilkov, A. S. Kravchenko, V. D. Selemir. Magnetocumulative Source of High-Power Pulses with Double Inductive Energy Storage. 12th IEEEInternational Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, 1999:732~734
10 O. G.. Egorov. Combined Opening Switch(Vacuum Interrupter + PEOS) in Power Pulsers Based on Inductive Energy Storages. International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, Tours, France, 2002:610~613
11 J. A. Gaudet, R. J. Barker, C. J. Buchenauer. Research Issues in Developing Compact Pulsed Power for High Peak Power Applications on Mobile Platforms. Proceedings of the IEEE, 2004,92(7): 1144~1165
12 J. Sidneyclements, Akira Mizuno. Combined Removal of SO2,NOX and Fly Ash from Simulated Flue Gas using Pulsed Streamer Corona. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1989,25 (1): 62~69
13 Akira Mizuno, Yoshiyuki Kisanuki.Indoor Air Cleaning Using a Pulsed Discharge Plasma. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1999,35(6): 1284~1288
14 Takao Namihira, Shunsuke Tsukamoto.Influence of Gas Flow Rate and Reactor Length on NO Removal Using Pulsed Power.IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2001,29(4): 592~598
15任先文,赵君科,王保健,涂国锋,李小金,张之福,胡新康. 200kW烟气治理用脉冲电源的研制.高电压技术. 2005, 31(11):33~34
16依成武,满书玲,白希尧,李向东,张芝涛,姜长忠.对大型柴油车(机)排放烟气治理的实验探讨.环境工程, 1994,12(3):30~32
17张希华,董金昌.脉冲放电汽车尾气净化新技术研究及产品开发.环境技术, 2000.2: 31~35
18赵文华,吴苹,张旭东.应用冷等离子体净化尾气中NO的研究.环境污染治理技术与设备, 2002,3(5): 70~74
19杨新桦,李晓红,卢义玉,雷向阳,康勇.高压脉冲电晕处理发动机尾气中的NO的实验研究,环境污染治理技术与设备, 2002,3(3): 56~59
20朱元右,姜银方.等离子体技术在大气污染治理中的应用.环境卫生工程, 2003,11(4):183~186
21闫有旺.汽车尾气污染防治技术.化学世界, 2002,2:127~128
22杨莉,胡红辉,王砚,汽车尾气三效催化净化技术研究.武汉科技学院学报, 2002,15(1):54~57
23李勤.现代内燃机排气污染物的测量与控制.机械工业出版社, 1998
24聂勇.脉冲放电等离子体治理有机废气放大试验研究.浙江大学博士学位论文. 2004,3:6~7
25 Y. Chung, C. Yang, H. Kim, C. P. Burkhart, J. R. Bayless. All Solid-State Switched Pulser for Air Pollution Control System. 12th IEEE International Pulsed Power Conference, Monterey, CA, 1999: 177~180
26 Wang Xiaoming, Shi Wenxiang, Zhao Ying, Tang Yu, Zhang Jiangong, Guan Lei. Study Development of Plasma Rechnology for Cleaning Indoor Air. High Voltage Engineering, 2004,30(1):48~51
27 Koichi Takaki and Tamiya Fujiwara. Multipoint Barrier Discharge Process for Removal of NOx from Diesel Engine Exhaust. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2001, 29(3): 518~523
28 Masayuki Sato, Takashi Ohgiyama, and J.S.Clements. Fomation of Chemical Species and Their Effects on Microorganisms Using a Pulsed High-Voltage Discharge in Water. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1996, 32(1): 106~112
29 A. Abou-Ghazala, S. Katsuki, Karl H. Schoenbach, F. C. Dobbs, and K. R. Moreira. Bacterial Decontamination of Water by Means of Pulsed-Corona Discharges. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 2002, 30(4): 1449~1453
30 N.Grass, W. Hartmann, M. Klockner. Application of Different Types of High-Voltage Supplies on Industrial Electrostatic Precipitators. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2004, 40(6): 1513~1520
31 Regan W. Stinnett, Eugene L. Neau, David M. Barrett, Kerry P. Lamppa, and Forrest E. White. Commercial Applications and Equipment for Ion Beam Surface Treatment. 19th International Symposium on Discharges and Electrical Insulation in Vacuum, Xi’an, 2000: 671~674
32 S. Korenev and I. Korenev. Compact Pulsed Ozone Generator. Power Modulator Symposium, San Francisco, CA, 2004: 352~355
33 E. L. Neau. Environmental and Industrial Applications of Pulsed Power Systems. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1994, 22(1): 2~10
34 Kenneth R. Prestwich, Bob N. Turman, Eugene L. Neau, Ronald J. Kaye, Steven L. Shope and John S. Wagner. Potential Applications for Pulsed Power Technology. IEE Symposium on Pulsed Power, 1998:10/1~10/6
35 Young Sun Mok and In-Sik Nam. Positive Pulsed Corona Discharge Processfor Simultaneous Removal of SO2 and NOX from Iron-Ore Sintering Flue Gas. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1999, 27(4): 1188~1196
36 Young Sun Mok, Sung Won Ham, and In-Sik Nam. Mathematical Analysis of Positive Pulsed Corona Discharge Process Employed for Removal of Nitrogen Oxides. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 1998, 16(5): 1566~1574
37 T. Yamamoto, B. S. Rajanikanth, M. Okubo, T. Kuroki, and M. Nishino. Performance Evaluation of Nonthermal Plasma Reactors for NO Oxidation in Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas Treatment. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2003, 39(6): 1608~1613
38 W. Jiang, K. Yatsui, N. Shimizu, K. Iida and A. Tokuchi. Compact Pulsed Power Generators for Industrial Applications. Pulsed Power Conference, Dallas, TX, United States, 2003: 61~264
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