三相锁相环设计及光伏并网逆变器控制研究
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摘要
随着全球经济的发展,能源短缺、生态环境恶化等问题日益突出,许多国家都已经将风能、太阳能等可再生能源作为应对新世纪能源和气候变化双重挑战的主要手段。网压的幅值和相位信息是光伏逆变器并网、潮流控制的参考基准,而高性能锁相环系统能够快速、准确地跟踪电网瞬态变化,提取网压正序分量,为并网逆变器提供参考信号。因此,锁相环系统的研究具有十分重要的实际意义。
针对并网控制以及电网电压不平衡情况下的同步锁相等问题,本文对光伏并网控制技术进行了深入的分析和讨论。
论文研究了光伏并网逆变器的工作原理、基本结构和数学模型,完成了并网逆变器的控制器分析、设计了并网逆变器控制系统并推导出了控制系统参数的整定算法。采用比例谐振控制器,实现了两相静止坐标系下的三相光伏并网逆变器控制。
针对网压不平衡下的光伏逆变器潮流控制,设计了一种锁相环跟踪系统。其主要思想是对旋转方向相反的两组派克变换结果进行交叉解耦,以实现三相电网不平衡条件下电网电压基波正序相位的跟踪。
将设计的三相锁相环运用到光伏并网逆变器中。在MATLAB中建立了仿真模型,验证了本文设计的锁相环系统性能。通过样机试验验证,试验结果表明,本文所设计的三相锁相环达到了光伏逆变系统的同步性能要求,实现了逆变器的单位功率因数运行。
最后,采用Verilog语言完成了三相锁相环系统的FPGA实现,对三相锁相环系统进行了模块化设计,实现了鉴相器、环路滤波器和数控振荡器等功能模块。并利用Modelsim工具对所设计的三相锁相环进行了数字仿真验证,仿真结果验证了设计的锁相环系统的稳定性和可行性。
With the development of the global economy, energy shortages, ecological deterioration of the environment and other issues have become increasingly prominent. Many countries used wind, solar and other renewable energy sources as the primary means to respond to the dual challenges of the new century. The dual challenges including energy resource and climate change. The amplitude and phase information of grid voltage is the reference of gird-connected inverter control and power flow control. A high performance PLL system can not only track grid transient changes quickly and accurately but also extract the positive sequence component of grid voltage. It can provides reference signal for gird-connected inverter. Therefore, study of phase-locked loop system has a very important practical significant.
This article focused on analysis and discussion of grid-connected PV control technology. Focused on maximum power tracking, grid-connected control and phase lock under unbalance grid voltage. This article gave a deep theoretical analysis.
This article studied the works, the basic structure and the mathematical model of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. It also completed analysis of grid inverter controller, designed a grid-connected inverter control system and deduced the algorithm of control system parameter tuning. Using Proportional Resonant Controller completed the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control under coordinate system of the two-phase.
This article focused on power flow control of a photovoltaic gird-connected inverter under unbalance grid voltage, and design of a phase-locked loop tracking system. The main idea is using the opposite rotation of two groups of Park transform, and cross decoupling transformation results. Ultimately to obtained the fundamental positive sequence phase of the three-phase grid voltage under unbalanced conditions.
Next, this article applied the designed three-phase locked loop to photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and created a simulation model in MATLAB, to verify the performance of the inverter controller. Validation through prototype testing, test results showed that the three-phase locked loop has achieved the synchronization requirements of the PV inverter system and gained a unit power factor for the inverter.
Finally, this article used Verilog language to complete the design of FPGA-based three phase-locked loop. First, the modular design of the three-phase PLL, and then implemented the phase detector, loop filter and the numerically controlled oscillator functions. And after the top-level connection, complete the design of the entire three-phase PLL. This article used the Modelsim simulation tool, completed simulation of the designed three-phase PLL. After analysis of the simulation results, showed that the designed three-phase PLL has achieved system synchronization performance requirements. At the same time it verified stability and viability of the system.
针对并网控制以及电网电压不平衡情况下的同步锁相等问题,本文对光伏并网控制技术进行了深入的分析和讨论。
论文研究了光伏并网逆变器的工作原理、基本结构和数学模型,完成了并网逆变器的控制器分析、设计了并网逆变器控制系统并推导出了控制系统参数的整定算法。采用比例谐振控制器,实现了两相静止坐标系下的三相光伏并网逆变器控制。
针对网压不平衡下的光伏逆变器潮流控制,设计了一种锁相环跟踪系统。其主要思想是对旋转方向相反的两组派克变换结果进行交叉解耦,以实现三相电网不平衡条件下电网电压基波正序相位的跟踪。
将设计的三相锁相环运用到光伏并网逆变器中。在MATLAB中建立了仿真模型,验证了本文设计的锁相环系统性能。通过样机试验验证,试验结果表明,本文所设计的三相锁相环达到了光伏逆变系统的同步性能要求,实现了逆变器的单位功率因数运行。
最后,采用Verilog语言完成了三相锁相环系统的FPGA实现,对三相锁相环系统进行了模块化设计,实现了鉴相器、环路滤波器和数控振荡器等功能模块。并利用Modelsim工具对所设计的三相锁相环进行了数字仿真验证,仿真结果验证了设计的锁相环系统的稳定性和可行性。
With the development of the global economy, energy shortages, ecological deterioration of the environment and other issues have become increasingly prominent. Many countries used wind, solar and other renewable energy sources as the primary means to respond to the dual challenges of the new century. The dual challenges including energy resource and climate change. The amplitude and phase information of grid voltage is the reference of gird-connected inverter control and power flow control. A high performance PLL system can not only track grid transient changes quickly and accurately but also extract the positive sequence component of grid voltage. It can provides reference signal for gird-connected inverter. Therefore, study of phase-locked loop system has a very important practical significant.
This article focused on analysis and discussion of grid-connected PV control technology. Focused on maximum power tracking, grid-connected control and phase lock under unbalance grid voltage. This article gave a deep theoretical analysis.
This article studied the works, the basic structure and the mathematical model of a photovoltaic grid-connected inverter. It also completed analysis of grid inverter controller, designed a grid-connected inverter control system and deduced the algorithm of control system parameter tuning. Using Proportional Resonant Controller completed the three-phase photovoltaic grid-connected inverter control under coordinate system of the two-phase.
This article focused on power flow control of a photovoltaic gird-connected inverter under unbalance grid voltage, and design of a phase-locked loop tracking system. The main idea is using the opposite rotation of two groups of Park transform, and cross decoupling transformation results. Ultimately to obtained the fundamental positive sequence phase of the three-phase grid voltage under unbalanced conditions.
Next, this article applied the designed three-phase locked loop to photovoltaic grid-connected inverter and created a simulation model in MATLAB, to verify the performance of the inverter controller. Validation through prototype testing, test results showed that the three-phase locked loop has achieved the synchronization requirements of the PV inverter system and gained a unit power factor for the inverter.
Finally, this article used Verilog language to complete the design of FPGA-based three phase-locked loop. First, the modular design of the three-phase PLL, and then implemented the phase detector, loop filter and the numerically controlled oscillator functions. And after the top-level connection, complete the design of the entire three-phase PLL. This article used the Modelsim simulation tool, completed simulation of the designed three-phase PLL. After analysis of the simulation results, showed that the designed three-phase PLL has achieved system synchronization performance requirements. At the same time it verified stability and viability of the system.
引文
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[10]刘胜荣,杨苹,肖莹,刘栋.两级式光伏并网逆变器的无差拍控制算法研究[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,(8)：1-2.
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[12]远坂俊昭著,何希才译.锁相环(PLL)电路设计与应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2006,1.
[13]杨勇,阮毅,汤燕燕,叶斌英.基于锁相环和虚拟电网磁链的三相并网逆变器[J].电工技术学报,2010,(4)：1.
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[15]吉正华,韦芬卿,杨海英.基于dq坐标变换的三相锁相环设计[J].电力自动化设备.2011,(4)：3-5.
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[17]Luis Guilherme Barbosa Rolim, Diogo Rodrigues da Costa, Jr., and Mauricio Aredes. Analysis and Software Implementation of a Robust Synchronizing PLL Circuit Based on the pq Theory [J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, October 2006,53(6):1921-1924.
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[20]陈珂,蔡勇.数字锁相环变带宽滤波器的设计与仿真[J].中国科学院上海天文台年刊,2011.
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