基于TCP/IP协议的动静脉脉冲系统的设计与实现
摘要
20世纪60年代前后,深静脉血栓(DVT)的形成被视为少见病,自80年代以来,随着国内外血管外科专业的迅速发展,多种诊疗技术的推广应用,DVT的检出率逐渐增多,成为周围血管疾病中的常见病。DVT发生率很高而且症状严重,其并发症肺血栓栓塞症(PTE)病情凶险,危及患者生命。DVT常发生在手术以后,不易诊断,因此预防大于治疗。药物(如低分子肝素,阿司匹林等)预防治疗措施在国内外已经广为应用,但效果不佳。安全有效的机械性预防治疗措施逐渐受到人们的青睐并成为研究与应用的热点。
本文设计并实现了基于TCP/IP协议的动静脉脉冲系统。该系统由单片机AT89S53作为主控芯片,包括交互模块、存储模块、电源模块、驱动模块、数据采集模块和网络通信模块,并配以气体压缩机、储气罐、橡胶管等气路连接器件。该系统通过对足底动静脉间歇加压来模仿人行走时腿部血液循环的生理作用,实现了对DVT的预防和治疗。动静脉脉冲系统的类似产品在很多国家已经作为病人的一种康复医疗设备安装到每一张病床,其网络监护已经被越来越广泛地应用,相应产品国内尚无。为了顺应这种趋势,在设计的动静脉脉冲系统上集成了网络模块。通过该模块,监护人员可以在监护室方便地了解各台仪器运行的情况,代替了监护人员每个病房依次检查的繁琐程序,减少了人力浪费,也减少了对病人正常休息的打搅。
本文首先分析了静脉血流的特点,对DVT形成的生理病理,诊断治疗以及预防措施进行了研究,根据其典型生理值和临床经验值,给出了动静脉脉冲系统的各项参数。根据各项参数完成了动静脉脉冲系统的整体设计,并详细介绍了该系统的硬件电路设计和软件设计。
其次,为了便于该动静脉脉冲系统接入医院局域网或者实现家庭远程医疗控制,本系统设计了网络模块。本文简单介绍了TCP/IP协议,并根据传输数据的特点对TCP/IP协议进行了裁减。详细介绍了单片机STC89C58RD+控制RTL8019AS网卡芯片和以太网连接的软硬件的设计与实现。
最后,本文对基于TCP/IP协议的动静脉脉冲系统进行了试验,实现了预防和治疗DVT的功能,并实现了接入网络的功能,验证了系统的可行性。
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) was hard to be seen in the 1960's. As rapid development of vasal surgery all over the world and extensive application of advanced diagnostic technology, DVT was examined more and more, and became a familiar disease from 1980's. DVT usually happens concomitantly with serious syndromes. One of its syndromes, PTE, for example, is very dangerous to people's health or even life. DVT often appears after surgery, and is hard to be diagnosed, so prevention is more important than treatment. Preventive and therapeutic methods like medicine are widely used, but the effects are not so satisfying. Therefore, people gradually pay more attention to safe and effective mechanical methods, which currently become the hotspot of research and application.
Based on TCP/IP protocol, AV impulse system was designed. This system utilizes AT89S53 as central-controlling chip, and includes interactive module, memory module, power module, driver module, data acquisition module, and network communications module. Additionally, gas compressor, gas kettle, and rubber pipe are also attached to this device. By mimicking blood circulation in people's legs when walking, AV impulse system is aimed to prevent and cure DVT. In many countries, some systems like AV impulse system, as healing instrument, have already been fixed to sickbeds, and relating network care is also widely used. Unfortunately, there is no such system like this in China. In order to adapt this trend, network module of AV impulse system has been designed in this project. Instead of going out to check every ward, the nurse can just sit in the control room and conveniently manage all systems in sickrooms through the network, by so doing, it not only saves labor resources, but also reduces unnecessary disturbance to patients.
In this paper, the characteristics of vein circulation have been analyzed. The pathology of DVT and the preventive and therapeutic methods have been researched. Based on physiology and clinical experience of DVT, typical parameters for the AV impulse system have been given. The design of the whole system has been finished. The design of the hardware and software has been introduced in detail.
The network module has been designed for the system in order to connect the LAN of hospital and control other devices in long-distance. TCP/IP protocol is introduced briefly. Furthermore, according to the requirements of data transmission in this system, I make proper abridgement and adjustment toward TCP/IP protocol. Design and implementation both in hardware and software of joint between Ethernet and RTL8019AS controlled by chip computer STC89C58RD+ are introduced in detail.
Finally, AV impulse system based on TCP/IP protocol has been examined. The function of preventing and treating has been realized and the system can be connected to the network. The AV impulse system has been working very well.
本文设计并实现了基于TCP/IP协议的动静脉脉冲系统。该系统由单片机AT89S53作为主控芯片,包括交互模块、存储模块、电源模块、驱动模块、数据采集模块和网络通信模块,并配以气体压缩机、储气罐、橡胶管等气路连接器件。该系统通过对足底动静脉间歇加压来模仿人行走时腿部血液循环的生理作用,实现了对DVT的预防和治疗。动静脉脉冲系统的类似产品在很多国家已经作为病人的一种康复医疗设备安装到每一张病床,其网络监护已经被越来越广泛地应用,相应产品国内尚无。为了顺应这种趋势,在设计的动静脉脉冲系统上集成了网络模块。通过该模块,监护人员可以在监护室方便地了解各台仪器运行的情况,代替了监护人员每个病房依次检查的繁琐程序,减少了人力浪费,也减少了对病人正常休息的打搅。
本文首先分析了静脉血流的特点,对DVT形成的生理病理,诊断治疗以及预防措施进行了研究,根据其典型生理值和临床经验值,给出了动静脉脉冲系统的各项参数。根据各项参数完成了动静脉脉冲系统的整体设计,并详细介绍了该系统的硬件电路设计和软件设计。
其次,为了便于该动静脉脉冲系统接入医院局域网或者实现家庭远程医疗控制,本系统设计了网络模块。本文简单介绍了TCP/IP协议,并根据传输数据的特点对TCP/IP协议进行了裁减。详细介绍了单片机STC89C58RD+控制RTL8019AS网卡芯片和以太网连接的软硬件的设计与实现。
最后,本文对基于TCP/IP协议的动静脉脉冲系统进行了试验,实现了预防和治疗DVT的功能,并实现了接入网络的功能,验证了系统的可行性。
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) was hard to be seen in the 1960's. As rapid development of vasal surgery all over the world and extensive application of advanced diagnostic technology, DVT was examined more and more, and became a familiar disease from 1980's. DVT usually happens concomitantly with serious syndromes. One of its syndromes, PTE, for example, is very dangerous to people's health or even life. DVT often appears after surgery, and is hard to be diagnosed, so prevention is more important than treatment. Preventive and therapeutic methods like medicine are widely used, but the effects are not so satisfying. Therefore, people gradually pay more attention to safe and effective mechanical methods, which currently become the hotspot of research and application.
Based on TCP/IP protocol, AV impulse system was designed. This system utilizes AT89S53 as central-controlling chip, and includes interactive module, memory module, power module, driver module, data acquisition module, and network communications module. Additionally, gas compressor, gas kettle, and rubber pipe are also attached to this device. By mimicking blood circulation in people's legs when walking, AV impulse system is aimed to prevent and cure DVT. In many countries, some systems like AV impulse system, as healing instrument, have already been fixed to sickbeds, and relating network care is also widely used. Unfortunately, there is no such system like this in China. In order to adapt this trend, network module of AV impulse system has been designed in this project. Instead of going out to check every ward, the nurse can just sit in the control room and conveniently manage all systems in sickrooms through the network, by so doing, it not only saves labor resources, but also reduces unnecessary disturbance to patients.
In this paper, the characteristics of vein circulation have been analyzed. The pathology of DVT and the preventive and therapeutic methods have been researched. Based on physiology and clinical experience of DVT, typical parameters for the AV impulse system have been given. The design of the whole system has been finished. The design of the hardware and software has been introduced in detail.
The network module has been designed for the system in order to connect the LAN of hospital and control other devices in long-distance. TCP/IP protocol is introduced briefly. Furthermore, according to the requirements of data transmission in this system, I make proper abridgement and adjustment toward TCP/IP protocol. Design and implementation both in hardware and software of joint between Ethernet and RTL8019AS controlled by chip computer STC89C58RD+ are introduced in detail.
Finally, AV impulse system based on TCP/IP protocol has been examined. The function of preventing and treating has been realized and the system can be connected to the network. The AV impulse system has been working very well.
引文
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[19]Gardner AM,Fox RH.The venous pump of the human foot preliminary report[J].Bristol Medico Med Chir J,1983,98(367):109-112.
[20]www.orthofix.com/avimpulse/
[21]Laverick MD,McGivern RC,Grone MD,et al.A comrison of the effects of electrical calf muscle stimulation and the venous foot pump on venous blood flow in the lower leg[J].phlebology,1990,5(4):285-290.
[22]Andrews B,Semmerville K,Austin S,et al.Effect of foot compression on the velocity and volume of blood flow in the deep veins[J].Br J Surg,1993,80(2):198-200.
[23]穆卫东,陈其欣,周东生.动静脉脉冲系统预防下肢长管状骨骨折内固定术后深静脉血栓形成的临床研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2004,19(9):666-668.
[24]陈雁西,俞光荣.动静脉泵在骨科临床应用中的现状与展望[J].中华创伤杂志,2005,21(4):309-311.
[25]刘秀霞,赵洁,修进平.动静脉脉冲系统在预防深静脉血栓中的临床应用[J].中华现代医学与临床,2005,2(6):82-83.
[26]徐精华,张小林,徐钟.MMC在电网质量监测海量数据存储中的应用研究[J].南昌航空大学学报,2007,21(3):71-74.
[27]冯凯,陈迎松,李晓波.基于STC89C58RD+单片机的低压隔爆电动机综合保护装置[J].工矿自动化,2006,10(5):64-66.
[28]匡效才,汪道辉.单片机和液晶显示器接口及驱动技术[J].中国测试技术,2004,3(2):61-64.
[29]邢远秀,陈姚节.键盘消抖电路的研究与分析[J].中国科技信息,2008,1:67-68.
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[2]邱桂兴,戴尅戎,杨庆铭等.预防骨科大手术后静脉血栓形成的专家建议-深静脉血栓形成预防座谈会纪要[J].中华骨科杂志,2005,25(10):636-640.
[3]崔峰.下肢深静脉血栓形成早期低分子肝素治疗的安全性评价[J].中国现代医药杂志,2007,9(12):68-70.
[4]郭树霞,屈虎,冯敏.重组链激酶治疗下肢深静脉血栓形成疗效观察[J].中华误诊学杂志,2006,6(1):90-91.
[5]王洋,杨媛华.手术与静脉血栓栓塞症[J].中国医刊,2008,43(1):10-12.
[6]姚泰.生理学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2001,11.
[7]王东生,李新芳.从泊肃叶定律看中医脉象形成的机理[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2001,7(6):5-6.
[8]孙继承.下肢深静脉血栓治疗体会[J].中华中西医学杂志,2005,3(12):23-24.
[9]郝文学.血栓与抗栓酶[M].沈阳:沈阳出版社,1992,10.
[10]徐斌,综述,吕厚山.人工髋膝关节置换与下肢深静脉血栓形成[J].医师进修杂志,2000,23(8):54-55.
[11]潘梅红.下肢深静脉血栓形成15例的超声诊断分析[J].中华现代影像学杂志,2007,4(8):726-727
[12]JOHE C,GRADY-BENSON MD.Hemostasis and thrombosis[C].2~(nd)edition.J B Lippincott Comny,1987.
[13]DAVID A,HAAKE M D.Venous thromboembolic disease after hip surgery[J].Clin Orthop,1988,242:212-231.
[14]Ginsberg JS.Management of venous thromboembolism[J].N Engl J Med,1996,335:1816-1828.
[15]Lensing AWA,Prandonl P,Prins MH,et al.Deep-vein thrombosis[J].Lancet,1999,535:479-485.
[16]Decousus H,Leizorovics A,rent F,et al.A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in tients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis[J].N Engl J Med,1998,338:409-415.
[17]Kakkar VV,Boeckl O,Bonen B.Efficacy and safety of a low-molecular-weight herin and standard unfractionated herin for prophylaxis of postoperative venous thromboembolism.European multi-center trial[J].World J Surg,1997,21:2-9.
[18]Hull RD,Pineo G,Valentine KA.Treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism[J].Seminars thromb bemost,1998,24:21-31.
[19]Gardner AM,Fox RH.The venous pump of the human foot preliminary report[J].Bristol Medico Med Chir J,1983,98(367):109-112.
[20]www.orthofix.com/avimpulse/
[21]Laverick MD,McGivern RC,Grone MD,et al.A comrison of the effects of electrical calf muscle stimulation and the venous foot pump on venous blood flow in the lower leg[J].phlebology,1990,5(4):285-290.
[22]Andrews B,Semmerville K,Austin S,et al.Effect of foot compression on the velocity and volume of blood flow in the deep veins[J].Br J Surg,1993,80(2):198-200.
[23]穆卫东,陈其欣,周东生.动静脉脉冲系统预防下肢长管状骨骨折内固定术后深静脉血栓形成的临床研究[J].中国康复医学杂志,2004,19(9):666-668.
[24]陈雁西,俞光荣.动静脉泵在骨科临床应用中的现状与展望[J].中华创伤杂志,2005,21(4):309-311.
[25]刘秀霞,赵洁,修进平.动静脉脉冲系统在预防深静脉血栓中的临床应用[J].中华现代医学与临床,2005,2(6):82-83.
[26]徐精华,张小林,徐钟.MMC在电网质量监测海量数据存储中的应用研究[J].南昌航空大学学报,2007,21(3):71-74.
[27]冯凯,陈迎松,李晓波.基于STC89C58RD+单片机的低压隔爆电动机综合保护装置[J].工矿自动化,2006,10(5):64-66.
[28]匡效才,汪道辉.单片机和液晶显示器接口及驱动技术[J].中国测试技术,2004,3(2):61-64.
[29]邢远秀,陈姚节.键盘消抖电路的研究与分析[J].中国科技信息,2008,1:67-68.
[30]郑伟.X25045在智能仪表系统中的应用设计[J].工业控制计算机,2003,16(2):57-58.
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