发酵型黄芪党参饲料添加剂的评价研究
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摘要
黄芪和党参为常用补益类中药,多糖类物质是其主要有效活性成分之一,具有改善机体免疫力和增强抗病力等多种生物学功效,是中草药饲料添加剂常用候选中药。这两种中药与动物肠内益生菌群间,在生物学活性发挥方面具有一定协同作用,这与微生物对药物机体内代谢影响有关。微生物发酵中药是对传统中药加工技术的改革和创新,具有提高药效、降低毒副等多种优点。前期研究表明,黄芪和党参经FGM9菌株发酵后,产物中粗多糖水平有显著提升。本研究对实验室经发酵研制的新型中草药饲料添加剂,通过一般毒理学研究、促生长试验和血液及生化指标检测,旨在探究黄芪、党参发酵产物的安全性和有效性。
试验一发酵菌种和发酵产物的安全性研究,以109、107和105 CFU/mL三个数量级的FGM9菌株悬液,分别对80只小鼠进行灌胃和腹腔注射处理,连续观察7 d;另以50000 mg/kg.体重的黄芪和党参发酵产物,对30只小鼠灌胃处理,连续观察7 d,记录小鼠的一般体征、中毒及死亡情况。结果显示,各组小鼠均健康成活,未见不良反应及异常病变,黄芪发酵产物处理组小鼠的体增重显著升高(P < 0.05),FGM9菌株和发酵产物对小鼠的其它各项指标均无显著影响。该结果表明FGM9菌株和黄芪、党参发酵产物对小鼠无不良影响。在黄羽肉鸡日粮中分别添加1 %黄芪和党参发酵产物,连续饲喂50 d后,分别取心、肝、脾、肾进行组织病理学检测,解剖与H.E染色镜检结果显示,各试验组肉鸡心、肝、脾、肾均未见任何病理变化。
试验二发酵产物对肉鸡体增重和饲料消耗的影响,350只1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡随机分为7组,分别为空白对照组,黄芪对照组(1 %黄芪粉),黄芪Ⅰ组(1 %黄芪发酵产物),黄芪Ⅱ组(0.5 %黄芪发酵产物),党参对照组(1 %党参粉),党参Ⅰ组(1 %党参发酵产物),党参Ⅱ组(0.5 %党参发酵产物),各试验品均添加在饲料中长期饲喂。添加饲养周期为60 d,记录体重变化与饲料消耗情况。结果显示,黄芪和党参发酵产物在三个饲养阶段(7-21 d,21-40 d,40-60 d),均有提高肉鸡体增重和降低料肉比的作用。全期结果为:黄芪Ⅰ组体增重效果最为明显,比空白对照组提高了4.58 %,黄芪Ⅱ组和党参Ⅰ组的料肉比最低,比空白对照组都降低了3.94 %。该结果表明黄芪和党参发酵产物对黄羽肉鸡具有促生长作用和提高饲料利用率的效果。
试验三发酵产物对肉鸡血液及生化指标的影响,肉鸡分组及处理同试验二,饲养周期为50 d,分别在10,30,50日龄心脏采集血样,抗凝血做血细胞分析,并分离血清做生化指标ALB、TP、TC、HDL-C、ALT、ALP、AST、LDH、CK、CREA、UREA、UA、Ca、P含量的检测。结果显示,在三个饲喂阶段各处理组肉鸡血清生化指标均有变化,其中ALB、TC、ALT、AST和Ca、P与对照组相比呈显著性差异(P < 0.05)。该结果表明,黄芪和党参发酵产物具有调节黄羽肉鸡生化指标的作用,对机体生理机能和促进生长发育方面具有实践意义。
上述研究结果提示,发酵菌株FGM9和黄芪与党参发酵研制的饲料添加剂均不会导致动物中毒,在基础日粮中添加1 %和0.5 %的黄芪党参发酵产物,具有促生长作用和改善饲料利用率的效果,并可在一定程度上改善相关血液学生化指标。
Astrugalus menbranceus and Codonopisis pilosula were the candidates to develop animal feed additive and benefit for improving of immunity and disease resistance. Polysaccharide is one of the active components in this two tonic Chinese herbal. It was reported that there was a synergistic relationship in bio-activities between Astrugalus menbranceus or Codonopisis pilosula and the normal microflora that lived in gastrointestinal tract. This phenomenon was based on the metabolism ability of the microorganism. Fermentation is one of the processing techniques in Traditional Chinese Medicine. There are many advantages such as the drug efficiency enhancement and toxin reduction with some microorganism to ferment some Traditional Chinese Medicine. In our Lab, the previous studies showed that the total concentration was obviously increased after the Astrugalus menbranceus and Codonopisis pilosula have been fermented for 72 hours. In this study, the aim is to provide some evidences to certify the fermented feed additive of TCM was safety and high efficient. The general toxicology data, the test of weight gain and feed consumption, the blood cells and biochemistry were examined. Experiment 1 Research on the safety of FGM9 strain and the fermented product 80 mice were given the FGM9 strain by the gastric perfusion (dose: 4.5×109、4.5×107 and 4.5×105 CFU/mL) and by intraperitoneal injection (dose: 5.2×109、5.2×107 and 5.2×105 CFU/mL ) and 30 mice were given the AMF and CPF(dose:50000 mg/kg), respectively. The clinic toxic signs, the organ coefficients, the blood routine parameters and pathological changes were examined respectively. Any died cases and adverse clinical signs in the treated mice were not observed during the period of experiment. The detection indexes were not significantly different between the tested groups and the control, but the body weight was significantly increased in the AMF treated mice than that of control (P < 0.05). After the 1% AMF and CPF were added in the routine diet, the Chinese yellow-feathered broilers were fed this mixed diet for 50 days. The pathology of the organ like heart, liver, kidney and spleen was normal and health. These results suggested that the strain FGM9 and the herbal fermented products were safety and nontoxicity to mice.
Experiment 2 The effect of the fermented products on the body weight gain and the feed consumption in broilers 350 1-old-day broilers were randomly divided into 7 groups: the blank control (the basal diet), the Astrugalus menbranceus control(feed added 1% Astrugalus menbranceus), the AMF groupⅠandⅠ(added 1 % and 0.5 % AMF), the CPF group I and II(added 1% and 0.5 % CPF. After the tested broilers were fed in the different diets for 60 days, the body weight gain was obviously increased at 4.58 % in mice of AMF I than that of the blank control. The feed conversion ratio was decreased at 3.94 % in AMF II and CPF I than that of the control. The results suggested that the AMF and CPF were helpful for the body weight gain and the feed conversion and the fermented herbal products are the candidates for the development of the animal feed additive.
Experiment 3 The effect of the fermented products on the blood cells and the biochemistry in broilers The birds groups and treated were same as experiment 2. The test time was 7 weeks. The blood cells and part of the biochemical parameters including ALB, TP, TC, HDL-C, ALT, ALP, AST, LDH, CK, CREA, UREA, UA, Ca, P in serum were examined at 10-old-day, 30-old-day, 50-old-day. The blood sample was collected from the heart. At three detected times, the level of ALB, TC, ALT, AST, Ca, and P were markedly increased in treated groups (P < 0.05) and the level of other were different in treated groups from the control. These results suggested that the fermented herbal products were helpful to the regulation of some chemistry parameters. There was a positive relationship between this biochemical effects and the improvement of the physiological capacity and the promotion of the growth.
These findings suggested that feeding the srain FGM9,AMF and CPF couldn’t cause animals intoxication. Adding 1% and 0.5 % AMF & CPF to broilers’basic diet were helpful for the body weight gain and the feed conversion, and indicators of broilers′serum biochemistry were improved to a certain degree.
试验一发酵菌种和发酵产物的安全性研究,以109、107和105 CFU/mL三个数量级的FGM9菌株悬液,分别对80只小鼠进行灌胃和腹腔注射处理,连续观察7 d;另以50000 mg/kg.体重的黄芪和党参发酵产物,对30只小鼠灌胃处理,连续观察7 d,记录小鼠的一般体征、中毒及死亡情况。结果显示,各组小鼠均健康成活,未见不良反应及异常病变,黄芪发酵产物处理组小鼠的体增重显著升高(P < 0.05),FGM9菌株和发酵产物对小鼠的其它各项指标均无显著影响。该结果表明FGM9菌株和黄芪、党参发酵产物对小鼠无不良影响。在黄羽肉鸡日粮中分别添加1 %黄芪和党参发酵产物,连续饲喂50 d后,分别取心、肝、脾、肾进行组织病理学检测,解剖与H.E染色镜检结果显示,各试验组肉鸡心、肝、脾、肾均未见任何病理变化。
试验二发酵产物对肉鸡体增重和饲料消耗的影响,350只1日龄健康黄羽肉鸡随机分为7组,分别为空白对照组,黄芪对照组(1 %黄芪粉),黄芪Ⅰ组(1 %黄芪发酵产物),黄芪Ⅱ组(0.5 %黄芪发酵产物),党参对照组(1 %党参粉),党参Ⅰ组(1 %党参发酵产物),党参Ⅱ组(0.5 %党参发酵产物),各试验品均添加在饲料中长期饲喂。添加饲养周期为60 d,记录体重变化与饲料消耗情况。结果显示,黄芪和党参发酵产物在三个饲养阶段(7-21 d,21-40 d,40-60 d),均有提高肉鸡体增重和降低料肉比的作用。全期结果为:黄芪Ⅰ组体增重效果最为明显,比空白对照组提高了4.58 %,黄芪Ⅱ组和党参Ⅰ组的料肉比最低,比空白对照组都降低了3.94 %。该结果表明黄芪和党参发酵产物对黄羽肉鸡具有促生长作用和提高饲料利用率的效果。
试验三发酵产物对肉鸡血液及生化指标的影响,肉鸡分组及处理同试验二,饲养周期为50 d,分别在10,30,50日龄心脏采集血样,抗凝血做血细胞分析,并分离血清做生化指标ALB、TP、TC、HDL-C、ALT、ALP、AST、LDH、CK、CREA、UREA、UA、Ca、P含量的检测。结果显示,在三个饲喂阶段各处理组肉鸡血清生化指标均有变化,其中ALB、TC、ALT、AST和Ca、P与对照组相比呈显著性差异(P < 0.05)。该结果表明,黄芪和党参发酵产物具有调节黄羽肉鸡生化指标的作用,对机体生理机能和促进生长发育方面具有实践意义。
上述研究结果提示,发酵菌株FGM9和黄芪与党参发酵研制的饲料添加剂均不会导致动物中毒,在基础日粮中添加1 %和0.5 %的黄芪党参发酵产物,具有促生长作用和改善饲料利用率的效果,并可在一定程度上改善相关血液学生化指标。
Astrugalus menbranceus and Codonopisis pilosula were the candidates to develop animal feed additive and benefit for improving of immunity and disease resistance. Polysaccharide is one of the active components in this two tonic Chinese herbal. It was reported that there was a synergistic relationship in bio-activities between Astrugalus menbranceus or Codonopisis pilosula and the normal microflora that lived in gastrointestinal tract. This phenomenon was based on the metabolism ability of the microorganism. Fermentation is one of the processing techniques in Traditional Chinese Medicine. There are many advantages such as the drug efficiency enhancement and toxin reduction with some microorganism to ferment some Traditional Chinese Medicine. In our Lab, the previous studies showed that the total concentration was obviously increased after the Astrugalus menbranceus and Codonopisis pilosula have been fermented for 72 hours. In this study, the aim is to provide some evidences to certify the fermented feed additive of TCM was safety and high efficient. The general toxicology data, the test of weight gain and feed consumption, the blood cells and biochemistry were examined. Experiment 1 Research on the safety of FGM9 strain and the fermented product 80 mice were given the FGM9 strain by the gastric perfusion (dose: 4.5×109、4.5×107 and 4.5×105 CFU/mL) and by intraperitoneal injection (dose: 5.2×109、5.2×107 and 5.2×105 CFU/mL ) and 30 mice were given the AMF and CPF(dose:50000 mg/kg), respectively. The clinic toxic signs, the organ coefficients, the blood routine parameters and pathological changes were examined respectively. Any died cases and adverse clinical signs in the treated mice were not observed during the period of experiment. The detection indexes were not significantly different between the tested groups and the control, but the body weight was significantly increased in the AMF treated mice than that of control (P < 0.05). After the 1% AMF and CPF were added in the routine diet, the Chinese yellow-feathered broilers were fed this mixed diet for 50 days. The pathology of the organ like heart, liver, kidney and spleen was normal and health. These results suggested that the strain FGM9 and the herbal fermented products were safety and nontoxicity to mice.
Experiment 2 The effect of the fermented products on the body weight gain and the feed consumption in broilers 350 1-old-day broilers were randomly divided into 7 groups: the blank control (the basal diet), the Astrugalus menbranceus control(feed added 1% Astrugalus menbranceus), the AMF groupⅠandⅠ(added 1 % and 0.5 % AMF), the CPF group I and II(added 1% and 0.5 % CPF. After the tested broilers were fed in the different diets for 60 days, the body weight gain was obviously increased at 4.58 % in mice of AMF I than that of the blank control. The feed conversion ratio was decreased at 3.94 % in AMF II and CPF I than that of the control. The results suggested that the AMF and CPF were helpful for the body weight gain and the feed conversion and the fermented herbal products are the candidates for the development of the animal feed additive.
Experiment 3 The effect of the fermented products on the blood cells and the biochemistry in broilers The birds groups and treated were same as experiment 2. The test time was 7 weeks. The blood cells and part of the biochemical parameters including ALB, TP, TC, HDL-C, ALT, ALP, AST, LDH, CK, CREA, UREA, UA, Ca, P in serum were examined at 10-old-day, 30-old-day, 50-old-day. The blood sample was collected from the heart. At three detected times, the level of ALB, TC, ALT, AST, Ca, and P were markedly increased in treated groups (P < 0.05) and the level of other were different in treated groups from the control. These results suggested that the fermented herbal products were helpful to the regulation of some chemistry parameters. There was a positive relationship between this biochemical effects and the improvement of the physiological capacity and the promotion of the growth.
These findings suggested that feeding the srain FGM9,AMF and CPF couldn’t cause animals intoxication. Adding 1% and 0.5 % AMF & CPF to broilers’basic diet were helpful for the body weight gain and the feed conversion, and indicators of broilers′serum biochemistry were improved to a certain degree.
引文
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