排气消声器仿真计算与优化设计
摘要
本文以桂林消声器厂针对6DF2-26型柴油机所开发的排气消声器为研究对象。发动机台架试验表明:该消声器排气噪声总声压级仅从120dB(A)下降到105dB(A),功率损失比超过4.4%。
在初步掌握噪声控制理论、最优化设计理论以及发动机模拟与仿真软件GT-Power的基础上,本文研究了消声器的仿真、试验与优化。确定了6DF2-26型柴油机的降噪指标,并利用四端网络法和GT-Power分析软件建立了发动机与其配套消声器的数学模型。并以台架试验数据为依据,验证了两种仿真方法均能有效地模拟出消声器在各个频段上降噪性能的趋势,其中以GT-Power在对复杂消声器的仿真结果上更为迅速准确一些。
通过建立消声器的插入损失模型,详细分析了简单扩张式和内插管扩张式消声器的扩张比对消声器声学性能的影响规律;研究分析赫姆霍兹共振和穿孔管共振消声器的穿孔率对消声效果的影响规律,同时依据分析结果对原消声器进行了结构调整,并通过对结构调整后的消声器的仿真确定了消声器结构优化的方向。最后在综合考虑消声量和压力损失的前提下,对消声器的主要结构参数进行优化。
通过对优化后的消声器进行台架试验,发现新消声器在各个频率上的消声量都达到了必须消声量的要求,排气噪声总声压级为94.5dB(A),功率损失比为1.3%,均符合国家对消声器的设计要求。整个分析、设计和优化过程对实际生产具有指导意义。
In this paper,we research the muffler produced by Guilin Muffler Factory for 6DF2-26 diesel engine.The analysis of test results shows that,the exhaust noise has been reduced from 120dB(A)to 105dB(A),which means the power loss ratio of this engine is more than 4.4%.
Based on the basic theory of noise control and optimal design,GT-Power actualizes the simulation,experimentation and optimization of the target muffle. We set up a goal system of noise reducing of 6DF2-26 diesel engine.After that, we study the simulation of noise reduce capacity through both Four Terminal Network Method and GT-Power.According to the experimental results,we find that the simulation of the two means can both reflect the tendency of noise reducing effectively in all conditions.Compared to Four Terminal Network Method,the simulation of GT-Power seems to be much faster and precise.
By programming insertion loss by the establishment of sound mathematical models,detailed analysis of the simple expansion of the calculation of intubate and expansion of sound devices than expansion,the expansion of the length, tailpipe length,such as structural parameters within intubated length of the impact of noise on acoustic performance of;Hemuhuozi resonance and perforation of research and analysis on the structural resonance noise parameters resonance of size,puncture wounds on the cross-sectional area and perforation rates of sound effects such laws;In addition,according on the results of analysis, the paper has modified the structure of muffle and simulated the muffle to confirm the optimistic direction.Finally,on the premise of considering the reduction of muffler noise and pressure loss,the optimum design of some structural parameters of one type of muffler is accornplished.After the optimum design,the performance of the exhaust muffler is improved.
According to the experimental results of the optimized muffler,the extent of noise elimination in all frequencies meets the requirements of our nation. Total pressure level of exhaust noise reaches 94.5dB(A),and the power loss ratio is about 1.3%.The simulation,experimentation and optimization for this muffler are significant to be applied in practice.
在初步掌握噪声控制理论、最优化设计理论以及发动机模拟与仿真软件GT-Power的基础上,本文研究了消声器的仿真、试验与优化。确定了6DF2-26型柴油机的降噪指标,并利用四端网络法和GT-Power分析软件建立了发动机与其配套消声器的数学模型。并以台架试验数据为依据,验证了两种仿真方法均能有效地模拟出消声器在各个频段上降噪性能的趋势,其中以GT-Power在对复杂消声器的仿真结果上更为迅速准确一些。
通过建立消声器的插入损失模型,详细分析了简单扩张式和内插管扩张式消声器的扩张比对消声器声学性能的影响规律;研究分析赫姆霍兹共振和穿孔管共振消声器的穿孔率对消声效果的影响规律,同时依据分析结果对原消声器进行了结构调整,并通过对结构调整后的消声器的仿真确定了消声器结构优化的方向。最后在综合考虑消声量和压力损失的前提下,对消声器的主要结构参数进行优化。
通过对优化后的消声器进行台架试验,发现新消声器在各个频率上的消声量都达到了必须消声量的要求,排气噪声总声压级为94.5dB(A),功率损失比为1.3%,均符合国家对消声器的设计要求。整个分析、设计和优化过程对实际生产具有指导意义。
In this paper,we research the muffler produced by Guilin Muffler Factory for 6DF2-26 diesel engine.The analysis of test results shows that,the exhaust noise has been reduced from 120dB(A)to 105dB(A),which means the power loss ratio of this engine is more than 4.4%.
Based on the basic theory of noise control and optimal design,GT-Power actualizes the simulation,experimentation and optimization of the target muffle. We set up a goal system of noise reducing of 6DF2-26 diesel engine.After that, we study the simulation of noise reduce capacity through both Four Terminal Network Method and GT-Power.According to the experimental results,we find that the simulation of the two means can both reflect the tendency of noise reducing effectively in all conditions.Compared to Four Terminal Network Method,the simulation of GT-Power seems to be much faster and precise.
By programming insertion loss by the establishment of sound mathematical models,detailed analysis of the simple expansion of the calculation of intubate and expansion of sound devices than expansion,the expansion of the length, tailpipe length,such as structural parameters within intubated length of the impact of noise on acoustic performance of;Hemuhuozi resonance and perforation of research and analysis on the structural resonance noise parameters resonance of size,puncture wounds on the cross-sectional area and perforation rates of sound effects such laws;In addition,according on the results of analysis, the paper has modified the structure of muffle and simulated the muffle to confirm the optimistic direction.Finally,on the premise of considering the reduction of muffler noise and pressure loss,the optimum design of some structural parameters of one type of muffler is accornplished.After the optimum design,the performance of the exhaust muffler is improved.
According to the experimental results of the optimized muffler,the extent of noise elimination in all frequencies meets the requirements of our nation. Total pressure level of exhaust noise reaches 94.5dB(A),and the power loss ratio is about 1.3%.The simulation,experimentation and optimization for this muffler are significant to be applied in practice.
引文
[1]张宇,苏清祖,汪文国.车辆噪声与控制.机械设计与制造工程.1999(2).Vol28:44-46
[2]ECE R No.51 Uniform Provisions Conceming the Approval of Motor Vehicles Having at Least Four Wheels With Regard to Their Noise Emission.Geneva:United Nation,1982,1988,1995
[3]Jost Kevin.Measuring Vehicle Pass-by Noise.Automotive Engineering,1995(3)
[4]孙林,国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展.汽车工程,2000(Vol 22)No.3.pp.154-158
[5]朱益民,郑启福内燃机噪声控制技术及进展,小型内燃机,1994(Vol 23)No.6.pp.32-37
[6]王祝炜,有气流的消声器的研究.〖硕士学位论文〗.济南:山东工业大学,1996
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[8]任越光,刘廷振,姜哲等,5195柴油机用新型排气消声器CJ1.小型内燃机,1998,27(2):42-45
[9]蔡翠雪,王胜利,戴宗圣,195柴油机新型排气消声器的研制lil.山东内燃机,1997(3):21-23
[10]郁飞,许勃,用正交试验设计的方法研究柴油机排气噪声及其影响参数的关系[J].内燃机工程,1999(1):40-46
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[12]C.Y.R.Cheng and A.F.Sdyhert,A multidomain Boundary element method to acoustic cavity respoonse and muffler analysis[J],Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991(109):15-21
[13]T.W.Wu,W.L.Li and A.F.Sdybert,An efficient boundary element algorithm for multi-frequencey acoustic analysis[J],Journal of Sound and Vibration,1993(94):447-452
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[23]Prased M G and Crocker M J.Studies of Acoustical Performance of a Multi-cylinder Engine Exhaust Muffler System[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983,90(4):491-508
[24]姚小刚,程昌圻,内燃机排气噪声谱的模拟研究[J]北京工业学院学报,1988,8(3):37-46
[25]Jones A D,Brown G L.Determination of Two-Stroke Engine Exhaust Noise by the Method of Characteristics[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1982,82(3):305-327
[26]张文平,张志华,马强,大气环境下柴油机尾排气管口边界条件及声辐射[J].内燃机学报,1995,13(2):197-202
[27]吴克刚,蒋德明,柴油机排气动力性噪声的预测和实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1986,20(1):11-21
[28]董正身,张旭,黎苏,汽车排气消声器的二维有限元分析[J].小型内燃机,1998,27(4):41-46
[29]蓝军,史绍熙,郝志勇,发动机排气消声器传声特性的计算研究(11.内燃机学报,2001,19(3):275-278
[30]蓝军,杜海明,单腔扩张式消声器传声特性的有限元分析[J]小型内燃机与摩托车,2001,30(2):37-40
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[33]张宏波.车用排气消声器的设计研究:[学位论文].北京:北京理工大学,2005.
[34]黄雄键,汽车发动机综合治理.[J]内燃机,2001.5
[35]曹明让.内插管式消声器结构优化与试验研究.农业机械学报,2003.11
[36]李娜.柴油机排气消声器的设计与研究:[学位论文].山东:上东大学,2002.
[37]黄立斌,俞济梁,姜修尚.用传递矩阵法计算消声器插入损失的理论探讨.重庆环境科学,1993.8
[38]刘晓玲,张晓辉.消声系统结构参数对噪声的影响.四川工业学院学报,1999.
[39]季振林.直通穿孔管消声器声学性能计算及分析.哈尔滨工程大学学报,2005.6,26(3):302-306.
[40]薛茂,王晓宁,赵晓丹.微穿孔板吸声结构计算及其应用.江苏大学学报,2002.9,23(5):44-48.
[41]盛美萍等.噪声与振动控制技术基础.北京:科技出版社,2001.
[42]Doige A G,rhawani P T.Muffler Performance From Transmission Matrices.Noise-con 79:245-254.
[43]方丹群,噪声控制[M].北京:北京出版社,1986.
[44]蒋德明,高等内燃机学.西安交通大学出版社,1986.
[45]盛美萍等,噪声与振动控制技术基础.北京:科技出版社,2001.
[46]Fukuda M,Okuda J.A Study on Characteristics of Cavity type M ufflers(2nd Report).Bulletion of JSME,1970,13(55):96-104.
[47]Ghosh P B,Chaudhary J T,Baneljee T K.控制柴油机噪声的消声器的研制.国外内燃机,2000.
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[2]ECE R No.51 Uniform Provisions Conceming the Approval of Motor Vehicles Having at Least Four Wheels With Regard to Their Noise Emission.Geneva:United Nation,1982,1988,1995
[3]Jost Kevin.Measuring Vehicle Pass-by Noise.Automotive Engineering,1995(3)
[4]孙林,国内外汽车噪声法规和标准的发展.汽车工程,2000(Vol 22)No.3.pp.154-158
[5]朱益民,郑启福内燃机噪声控制技术及进展,小型内燃机,1994(Vol 23)No.6.pp.32-37
[6]王祝炜,有气流的消声器的研究.〖硕士学位论文〗.济南:山东工业大学,1996
[7]张东,杜发荣,钱程,2H1105型柴油机排气噪声的控制[7].小型内燃机,1999,28(2):24-26
[8]任越光,刘廷振,姜哲等,5195柴油机用新型排气消声器CJ1.小型内燃机,1998,27(2):42-45
[9]蔡翠雪,王胜利,戴宗圣,195柴油机新型排气消声器的研制lil.山东内燃机,1997(3):21-23
[10]郁飞,许勃,用正交试验设计的方法研究柴油机排气噪声及其影响参数的关系[J].内燃机工程,1999(1):40-46
[11]郑郧,江伟,汽车消声器的正交设计[J].内燃机学报,1993,11(4):338-345
[12]C.Y.R.Cheng and A.F.Sdyhert,A multidomain Boundary element method to acoustic cavity respoonse and muffler analysis[J],Journal of Sound and Vibration,1991(109):15-21
[13]T.W.Wu,W.L.Li and A.F.Sdybert,An efficient boundary element algorithm for multi-frequencey acoustic analysis[J],Journal of Sound and Vibration,1993(94):447-452
[14]史忠科,神经网络控制基础[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1997
[15]戴葵,神经网络实现技术[M].长沙:国防科技大学出版社,1998
[16]P.O.A.L.Davies and J.Gu,Finite Amplitude Wave Reflection at an Open Exhaust[J],SAE Paper 952139,1995:153-161
[17]P.O.A.L.Davies and J.Gu,Pracical flow duct acoustic[J],Journal of Sound and Vibration,1988:91-115
[18]盛美萍,《噪声和振动控制技术基础》,科学出版社,2001年8月
[19]福田基一,奥田襄介.噪声控制与消声设计[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1982
[20]柴油机设计手册编委会.柴油机设计手册(中)[M.北京:中国农业机械出版社,1984
[21]刘丽萍,肖福明,陆辰 等,存在气流时消声器消声性能的试验研究[J].内燃机工程,2001,22(1):54-61
[22]P.O.A..L.Davies and J.Gu,Flow Acoustic Coupling in Ducts[J],Journal of sound and Vibration,1988-91-115
[23]Prased M G and Crocker M J.Studies of Acoustical Performance of a Multi-cylinder Engine Exhaust Muffler System[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1983,90(4):491-508
[24]姚小刚,程昌圻,内燃机排气噪声谱的模拟研究[J]北京工业学院学报,1988,8(3):37-46
[25]Jones A D,Brown G L.Determination of Two-Stroke Engine Exhaust Noise by the Method of Characteristics[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,1982,82(3):305-327
[26]张文平,张志华,马强,大气环境下柴油机尾排气管口边界条件及声辐射[J].内燃机学报,1995,13(2):197-202
[27]吴克刚,蒋德明,柴油机排气动力性噪声的预测和实验研究[J].西安交通大学学报,1986,20(1):11-21
[28]董正身,张旭,黎苏,汽车排气消声器的二维有限元分析[J].小型内燃机,1998,27(4):41-46
[29]蓝军,史绍熙,郝志勇,发动机排气消声器传声特性的计算研究(11.内燃机学报,2001,19(3):275-278
[30]蓝军,杜海明,单腔扩张式消声器传声特性的有限元分析[J]小型内燃机与摩托车,2001,30(2):37-40
[31]周龙保,高宗英,内燃机学.北京:机械工业出版社,2003.
[32]张晶,韩树,索文超.内燃机噪声研究的现状与发展.机械工程师,2005第7期26-28.
[33]张宏波.车用排气消声器的设计研究:[学位论文].北京:北京理工大学,2005.
[34]黄雄键,汽车发动机综合治理.[J]内燃机,2001.5
[35]曹明让.内插管式消声器结构优化与试验研究.农业机械学报,2003.11
[36]李娜.柴油机排气消声器的设计与研究:[学位论文].山东:上东大学,2002.
[37]黄立斌,俞济梁,姜修尚.用传递矩阵法计算消声器插入损失的理论探讨.重庆环境科学,1993.8
[38]刘晓玲,张晓辉.消声系统结构参数对噪声的影响.四川工业学院学报,1999.
[39]季振林.直通穿孔管消声器声学性能计算及分析.哈尔滨工程大学学报,2005.6,26(3):302-306.
[40]薛茂,王晓宁,赵晓丹.微穿孔板吸声结构计算及其应用.江苏大学学报,2002.9,23(5):44-48.
[41]盛美萍等.噪声与振动控制技术基础.北京:科技出版社,2001.
[42]Doige A G,rhawani P T.Muffler Performance From Transmission Matrices.Noise-con 79:245-254.
[43]方丹群,噪声控制[M].北京:北京出版社,1986.
[44]蒋德明,高等内燃机学.西安交通大学出版社,1986.
[45]盛美萍等,噪声与振动控制技术基础.北京:科技出版社,2001.
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