基于Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn合金的高温相变储热材料制备与储热性能研究
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摘要
随着太阳能热发电技术的发展,热能的储存技术日益引起人们的重视。金属基相变储热材料具有储能密度大,过冷度小,导热率高,反复相变后性能稳定,过程易控制等特点,因而在高温储热方面具有广泛的用途。其中,铝合金高温相变储热材料在相变温度、储热密度、使用寿命等方面更适合做太阳能热发电系统中的储热材料。
本文设计并制备了20种不同成分的Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn系列铝合金相变储热材料。运用金相显微技术、排液法、综合热分析技术等手段,对20种不同成分的Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn系列铝合金相变储热材料的金相组织、密度、相变温度、单位质量相变潜热、显热和总储热量、单位体积相变潜热、显热和总储热量等性能进行了研究,并制备出多种相变温度在400-800℃、相变潜热大于200J/g、单位体积储热量高的铝合金相变储热材料,可供太阳能热发电系统选择使用。
Al-Si系列铝合金储热材料单位质量相变潜热较高。其中铝硅共晶成分的铝合金单位质量相变潜热最高,约为450J/g。而当铝合金材料中Mg、Zn含量增加时,会降低储热材料的单位质量相变潜热。在单位体积相变潜热方面,铝硅共晶成分的铝合金储热材料约为1233.8J/cm~3,依然高于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。
在400-800℃之间,各成分的铝合金储热材料单位质量显热差别不大,但增加Cu的含量有利于提高单位质量显热。由于密度差别较大,Al-Si系列铝合金储热材料单位体积显热不高。而含有Cu、zn等元素的铝合金储热材料的单位体积显热高于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。
Al-Si系列铝合金储热材料在400-800℃之间的单位质量储热量要高于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。但单位体积储热量方面,含Cu、zn较多的铝合金储热材料优于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。
综合各种因素,含有Cu、Zn元素的铝合金储热材料在储能能力上更适合塔式太阳能热发电系统的需要。
With the solar thermal electricity technology,thermal storage technology has attracted increasing attention.Phase change metal with high energy storage density, low condenser depression,high thermal conductivity,phase-change again with the long-term stable,easy to control,has a wide range of application in high-temperature thermal storage.The high-temperature phase change Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy in the phase transition temperature,density storage,operating life in areas such as more suitable for solar thermal power generation system of thermal storage materials.
In this thesis,20 different components of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn series phase-change thermal storage aluminum alloy materials are designed and prepared. Using micro-technology,liquid method,integrated thermal analysis,The microstructure,density,phase change temperature,latent heat per gram,sensible heat per gram,the thermal storage per gram,latent heat per cubic centimetre,sensible heat per cubic centimetre and total energy storage per cubic centimeter,and other properties of these phase change aluminium alloy materials were studied.A variety of phase change aluminum alloy materials with phase transition temperature in the 400-800℃,phase-change latent heat over 200J / g,high-energy storage in volume which is for power generation solar thermal systems use are prepared.
Al-Si series thermal storage aluminum alloys have higher phase-change latent heat.Al-Si eutectic composition has the highest latent change heat about 450J / g. When the aluminum alloy in the Mg,Zn content increases,lower heat per unit mass of material phase-change latent heat.As the phase-change latent heat in volume,the Al-Si eutectic alloy composition of the thermal storage materials about 1233.8J/cm~3, still higher than other components of the heat storage material of aluminum alloy.
Between 400-800℃,the composition of aluminum alloy sensible heat storage pergram is not very different,but the increase in Cu will help improve the ability of sensible heat storage.Due to large differences in density,Al-Si series aluminum alloy materials storage of volume is not high.The aluminum alloy with Cu,Zn has higher sensible heat storage of volume than other aluminum alloy.
Al-Si series aluminum alloys have higher heat storage per gram in 400-800℃than other aluminium alloy.However,the thermal storage on volume,aluminium alloy with more Cu,Zn is superior to other components of aluminum alloy.
Given these factors,the aluminium alloy with Cu,Zn alloy suit solar thermal tower power generation systems in the ability on heat storage.
本文设计并制备了20种不同成分的Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn系列铝合金相变储热材料。运用金相显微技术、排液法、综合热分析技术等手段,对20种不同成分的Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn系列铝合金相变储热材料的金相组织、密度、相变温度、单位质量相变潜热、显热和总储热量、单位体积相变潜热、显热和总储热量等性能进行了研究,并制备出多种相变温度在400-800℃、相变潜热大于200J/g、单位体积储热量高的铝合金相变储热材料,可供太阳能热发电系统选择使用。
Al-Si系列铝合金储热材料单位质量相变潜热较高。其中铝硅共晶成分的铝合金单位质量相变潜热最高,约为450J/g。而当铝合金材料中Mg、Zn含量增加时,会降低储热材料的单位质量相变潜热。在单位体积相变潜热方面,铝硅共晶成分的铝合金储热材料约为1233.8J/cm~3,依然高于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。
在400-800℃之间,各成分的铝合金储热材料单位质量显热差别不大,但增加Cu的含量有利于提高单位质量显热。由于密度差别较大,Al-Si系列铝合金储热材料单位体积显热不高。而含有Cu、zn等元素的铝合金储热材料的单位体积显热高于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。
Al-Si系列铝合金储热材料在400-800℃之间的单位质量储热量要高于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。但单位体积储热量方面,含Cu、zn较多的铝合金储热材料优于其它成分的铝合金储热材料。
综合各种因素,含有Cu、Zn元素的铝合金储热材料在储能能力上更适合塔式太阳能热发电系统的需要。
With the solar thermal electricity technology,thermal storage technology has attracted increasing attention.Phase change metal with high energy storage density, low condenser depression,high thermal conductivity,phase-change again with the long-term stable,easy to control,has a wide range of application in high-temperature thermal storage.The high-temperature phase change Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn alloy in the phase transition temperature,density storage,operating life in areas such as more suitable for solar thermal power generation system of thermal storage materials.
In this thesis,20 different components of the Al-Si-Cu-Mg-Zn series phase-change thermal storage aluminum alloy materials are designed and prepared. Using micro-technology,liquid method,integrated thermal analysis,The microstructure,density,phase change temperature,latent heat per gram,sensible heat per gram,the thermal storage per gram,latent heat per cubic centimetre,sensible heat per cubic centimetre and total energy storage per cubic centimeter,and other properties of these phase change aluminium alloy materials were studied.A variety of phase change aluminum alloy materials with phase transition temperature in the 400-800℃,phase-change latent heat over 200J / g,high-energy storage in volume which is for power generation solar thermal systems use are prepared.
Al-Si series thermal storage aluminum alloys have higher phase-change latent heat.Al-Si eutectic composition has the highest latent change heat about 450J / g. When the aluminum alloy in the Mg,Zn content increases,lower heat per unit mass of material phase-change latent heat.As the phase-change latent heat in volume,the Al-Si eutectic alloy composition of the thermal storage materials about 1233.8J/cm~3, still higher than other components of the heat storage material of aluminum alloy.
Between 400-800℃,the composition of aluminum alloy sensible heat storage pergram is not very different,but the increase in Cu will help improve the ability of sensible heat storage.Due to large differences in density,Al-Si series aluminum alloy materials storage of volume is not high.The aluminum alloy with Cu,Zn has higher sensible heat storage of volume than other aluminum alloy.
Al-Si series aluminum alloys have higher heat storage per gram in 400-800℃than other aluminium alloy.However,the thermal storage on volume,aluminium alloy with more Cu,Zn is superior to other components of aluminum alloy.
Given these factors,the aluminium alloy with Cu,Zn alloy suit solar thermal tower power generation systems in the ability on heat storage.
引文
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[30]姜勇,丁恩勇,杨玉芹.化学法和共混法制备 PEG/CDA 相变材料的性能比较[J].纤维素科学与技术,2000,8(2):36-41
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[37]孙建强,张仁元,沈学忠,等.Al-34%Mg-6%Zn和Al-28%Mg-14%Zn合金的热分析研究[J]广东工业大学学报,2006(23):8-15
[38]张仁元,孙建强,柯秀芳,等.Al-Si合金的储热性能[J].材料研究学报,2006(20):156-160
[39]张仁元,孙建强,卢国辉.共晶铝-镁-锌储能合金的热稳定性和液态腐蚀性[J].机械工程材料,2006,7(30):11-15
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[2]Martin A.Green.Third generation for photovoltaics:high conversion efficiency for low cost [R].Proceeding of 2003 Anniversary Solar Energy Conference of China Solar Energy Society,2003.2-8
[3]Lane G.A.Low temperature heat storage with phase change materials[J].Energy Res,1980,(5):155-160
[4]Ahmet Sari.Yhermal energy storage system,using stearic acid as a phase change material[J].Solar Energy,2001,(71):365-376
[5]Laouadi.A.Thermal performance of a latent heat energy storage ventilated panel for electric load management[J].Heat Mass Transfer,1999,1(3):48-54
[6]刑玉民,崔海亭,袁修千.高温熔岩相变储热系统的数值模拟[J].北京航空航天大学学报,2002,28(3):295-295
[7]林怡辉.有机-无机纳米符合相变储热材料的研究[D]:[华南理工大学博士学位论文].广东:华南理工大学,2001
[8]崔海亭,杨锋.蓄热技术及其应用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[9]樊栓狮,梁德青,杨向阳,等.储能材料与技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[10]Choi J C,Kim S D,Han G Y.Heat transfer characteristics in low - temperature latent heal storage systems using salt-hydrates at heat recovery stage[J].Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells,1996,40(1):71-87
[11]肖敏,龚克成.良导热、形状保持相变蓄热材料的制备及性能[J].太阳能学报,2001,22(4):127-430
[12]沈维道,郑佩芝.工程热力学(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,1983:246-264
[13]庄正宁,曹念.NaOH/KOH二元体系蓄热性能的研究[J].西安交通大学学报,2002,36(11):1133-1137
[14]张寅平,胡汉平,孔祥东,等.相变储热-理论和应用[M].安徽:中国科学技术大学出版社,1996:18-21
[15]Zhang Dong,Li Zongjin,Zhou Jianmin,et al.Development of thermal energy storage concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004,34(6):927-934
[16]Ryu H.W.Prevention of subcooling and stabilization of inorganic salt hydrates as latent heat storage materials[J].Solar Energy Mater Solar Cells,1992,27:161-172.
[17]庄斌舵,陈兴华.储热(冷)器[J].能源研究与利用,2000(3):31-34
[18]杨久俊,吴科如.混凝土科学未来发展的思考[J].混凝土,2001(3):3-9
[19]Aceves S M,Nakamura H,Reistard G M.The Effects of Freezing and Melting on the Efficiency of Latent Heat Storage System.[J].Chemical Engineering of Japan,1904,27(6):779-784
[20]Adebiyi G A,Hodge B K,Steele W G.Computer Simulation of a High-temperature Thermal Energy Storage System Employing Multiple Families of Phase Change Storage Materials[J].Energy Resources Technology,ASME,1996,(18):102-111
[21]胡其颖.太阳能热发电技术的进展及现状[J].能源技术,2005(26):200-207
[22]姜茜.太阳能发电的发展与展望[J].东方电机,2002,(2):183-191
[23]赵玉文.太阳能利用的发展概况和未来趋势[J].中国电力,2003,38(9):63-69
[24]Ernest Birehenall,Alanf Biechman.Heat Storage in Eutectic Alloys[J].Metallurgical Transaction,1980,(11A):1415-1420
[25]张仁元,柯秀芳.相变材料及相变储热技术专题报告[R].中科院广州分院学术报告会,广东广州,2001
[26]邹向,赵锡伟.铝硅合金用作相变储热材料的研究[J].新能源,1996,18(18):1-3
[27]邹向,王良焱.液态铝硅合金的浸蚀研究[J].腐蚀与防护.1995,(5):214-216
[28]姜勇,丁恩勇,戴国康.一种新型的相变储热功能高分子材料[J].高分子材料科学与工程,2001,17(3):173-175
[29]Belen Zalba,JoseM,Marin,et al.Review on thermal energy storage with Phase change materials,heat transfer analysis and applications[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2003,23:251-283
[30]姜勇,丁恩勇,杨玉芹.化学法和共混法制备 PEG/CDA 相变材料的性能比较[J].纤维素科学与技术,2000,8(2):36-41
[31]邵旭,赵三元.寒冷地区太阳能油库建筑设计研究[J].河北建筑工程学院学报,1996,1(4):1-7
[32]Dincer Ibrahim.On Thermal Energy Storage Systems and Application in Building[J].Energy and Buildings,2002,34:377-388
[33]Gong Z.X.,Mujumdar A.S.Finite-element analysis of cyclic heat transfer in a shell-and-tube latent heat energy storage exchanger[J].Applied thermal engineering,1997,17(6):583-591,
[34]于少明,蒋长龙,杭国培,等.固固相变贮能材料研究现状与进展[J].化工新型材料,2002(30):19-21
[35]V.V.Bulychev,V.S,Chelnolcov,S.V.Slastilova.Izvestiya Vysshilch Uchebnylch Zavedenii[J].Chernaya Metallurgiya,1996,7:64
[36]孙建强,张仁元.金属相变储能与技术的研究与发展[J].材料导报,2005,19(8):99-101
[37]孙建强,张仁元,沈学忠,等.Al-34%Mg-6%Zn和Al-28%Mg-14%Zn合金的热分析研究[J]广东工业大学学报,2006(23):8-15
[38]张仁元,孙建强,柯秀芳,等.Al-Si合金的储热性能[J].材料研究学报,2006(20):156-160
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