临汾市煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究
|
摘要
煤矸石是采煤工业排出的固体废弃物,是在煤炭开采、洗选加工过程中产生的,大量的煤矸石堆放能形成矸石山。临汾市占全省含煤面积18%,煤炭探明储量348.09亿吨,占全省的13.48%。但是煤矸石一直是临汾工业固体废弃物中排放和堆存量最大的。堆置的矸石占用大量土地,破坏景观,遇到大风天气易产生风蚀扬尘。而且矸石中含有有毒有害元素,露天堆放经降雨淋溶后,可溶解性元素随雨水迁移进入土壤和水体,对土壤、水体和植被造成影响对周围的土壤和地下水造成一定影响。煤矸石已经成为固、液、气三害俱全的污染源,亟待治理。目前临汾市主要煤矿的处理途径为堆积,对于合理填埋、制造水泥、建材、筑路、燃料发电,采选伴生矿物、生产有机肥料等等,这些煤矸石利用途径,一直没有发展到位。怎样才能消耗掉大量的煤矸石,并且符合煤炭矿区发展循环经济的要求,实现矿业生产的可持续发展?本文以临汾市霍州辛置煤矿为例,在分析其煤矸石的理化性能、成分特征以及主要岩石组成,对煤矸石的生态处置与综合利用途径进行了实验研究和探讨,提出了合理填埋煤矸石的主要方法以及综合利用煤矸石的一些最佳方法,为临汾市煤矸石生态处置和开发利用开辟了新的方向。
论文主要内容如下:
(1)从时间角度论述了煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用研究的国内外进展。煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究是随着煤矿产业的快速发展及可持续发展的要求而日益显著,为了协调环境保护与经济发展之间的矛盾,而不断发展起来的。
(2)从理论分析的角度,对煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究的理论基础进行了分析,循环经济理论、清洁生产理论、景观生态学理论等可以作为煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用的理论基础。在对煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究理论与方法技术体系的分析与探讨的基础上,提出了煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用研究的技术路线,构建了生态处置与综合利用的分析程序。
(3)从实证研究的角度,以临汾市霍州辛置煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用为案例进行了实证研究。通过资料分析整理、实地观测、GPS定位、现场访谈、景观拍摄、定量计算、专业制图等手段和方法,对辛置煤矿进行实地分析研究,提出了清洁发展方向与生态控制措施,这对协调临汾市生态环境与经济之间的矛盾,实现该区域的可持续发展是非常必要的。为了反映临汾市的地区特征,基于环境、经济两方面的考虑,让煤矿企业在实际操作过程中具有可操作性,能够使结论与实践具有很好的吻合性,提出了各煤矿今后建设的重要内容以及控制措施。
(4)从总结讨论的角度,对论文主要工作以及得出的一些基本结论进行了总结,对论文存在的不足以及今后需要努力的方向进行了讨论。
Coalmine waste is a kind of industrial solid waste discharged in the coal mining. A huge number of waste accumulations can form Waste Dump. The coal-bearing area of Linfen city makes up 18% of Shanxi, and its proven coal reserves are 34.809 billion tons, accounting for 13.48% of the province. However, waste accumulation is huge in Linfen, and coalmine waste has striking influence on ecological environment. Not only do they occupy lots of land, but also destroy the landscape and cause sand storms in windy weather. What’s worse, there are many toxic elements in coalmine waste, if rained, dissolvable elements may migrate into the soil and water, influencing the earth, water and vegetation, affecting surrounding earth and groundwater. Gangue has become a solid, liquid and gas source of pollution in urgent need of treatment. The main treatment of coalmine in Linfen city is accumulation at present. A comprehensive utilization has no development in place, such as reasonable landfill, manufacturing cement, building materials, road construction, fuel power generation, mining and associated minerals, production of organic fertilizers, etc. How to consume a lot of coalmine waste so as to be in accordance with the requirements of the development of circular economy and realize sustainable development of mining production? This paper takes Huozhou Xinzhi Coalmine in Linfen city as an example, analyses its coalmine waste’s physical and chemical properties, composition characteristics as well as the main rock composition, talks about its ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization experimentally, puts forward a reasonable method of landfill and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in some of the best methods, and opens up a new direction for the ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization of Linfen’s coalmine waste.
The main content of the thesis is as follows:
(1) From the point of time, this paper discusses researches on ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue home and abroad. These researches develops significantly with the rapid development of coalmine industry and the requirements of sustainable development in order to coordinate the contraction between environmental protection and economic development.
(2) From the view of theoretical analysis, this paper explores the theoretical bases of the ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, such as the theory of circular economy, clean production theory, landscape ecology theory. Based on these analyses, it comes up with the technical system and constructs the analytical procedures of coalmine waste’s ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization.
(3) From the perspective of empirical research, this paper takes Linfen’s Huozhou Xinzhi Coalmine as an example. Through data analysis, field observations, GPS positioning, on-site interviews, landscape photography, quantitative terms, professional graphics, the paper studies empirically and proposes clean development and ecological control measures, which have great significance in coordinating the conflict between environment and economy and thus achieving regional sustainable development. In order to reflect the regional characteristics of Linfen City, make an environmental and economical operation and have a good match of theory and practice, this paper suggests the construction of various coal mines in the future as an important content and control measures.
(4) Finally, as a conclusion, this paper summarizes the main thesis work and some basic conclusions, pointing out its shortcomings and some relative further explorations.
论文主要内容如下:
(1)从时间角度论述了煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用研究的国内外进展。煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究是随着煤矿产业的快速发展及可持续发展的要求而日益显著,为了协调环境保护与经济发展之间的矛盾,而不断发展起来的。
(2)从理论分析的角度,对煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究的理论基础进行了分析,循环经济理论、清洁生产理论、景观生态学理论等可以作为煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用的理论基础。在对煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用探究理论与方法技术体系的分析与探讨的基础上,提出了煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用研究的技术路线,构建了生态处置与综合利用的分析程序。
(3)从实证研究的角度,以临汾市霍州辛置煤矿煤矸石生态处置与综合利用为案例进行了实证研究。通过资料分析整理、实地观测、GPS定位、现场访谈、景观拍摄、定量计算、专业制图等手段和方法,对辛置煤矿进行实地分析研究,提出了清洁发展方向与生态控制措施,这对协调临汾市生态环境与经济之间的矛盾,实现该区域的可持续发展是非常必要的。为了反映临汾市的地区特征,基于环境、经济两方面的考虑,让煤矿企业在实际操作过程中具有可操作性,能够使结论与实践具有很好的吻合性,提出了各煤矿今后建设的重要内容以及控制措施。
(4)从总结讨论的角度,对论文主要工作以及得出的一些基本结论进行了总结,对论文存在的不足以及今后需要努力的方向进行了讨论。
Coalmine waste is a kind of industrial solid waste discharged in the coal mining. A huge number of waste accumulations can form Waste Dump. The coal-bearing area of Linfen city makes up 18% of Shanxi, and its proven coal reserves are 34.809 billion tons, accounting for 13.48% of the province. However, waste accumulation is huge in Linfen, and coalmine waste has striking influence on ecological environment. Not only do they occupy lots of land, but also destroy the landscape and cause sand storms in windy weather. What’s worse, there are many toxic elements in coalmine waste, if rained, dissolvable elements may migrate into the soil and water, influencing the earth, water and vegetation, affecting surrounding earth and groundwater. Gangue has become a solid, liquid and gas source of pollution in urgent need of treatment. The main treatment of coalmine in Linfen city is accumulation at present. A comprehensive utilization has no development in place, such as reasonable landfill, manufacturing cement, building materials, road construction, fuel power generation, mining and associated minerals, production of organic fertilizers, etc. How to consume a lot of coalmine waste so as to be in accordance with the requirements of the development of circular economy and realize sustainable development of mining production? This paper takes Huozhou Xinzhi Coalmine in Linfen city as an example, analyses its coalmine waste’s physical and chemical properties, composition characteristics as well as the main rock composition, talks about its ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization experimentally, puts forward a reasonable method of landfill and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in some of the best methods, and opens up a new direction for the ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization of Linfen’s coalmine waste.
The main content of the thesis is as follows:
(1) From the point of time, this paper discusses researches on ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue home and abroad. These researches develops significantly with the rapid development of coalmine industry and the requirements of sustainable development in order to coordinate the contraction between environmental protection and economic development.
(2) From the view of theoretical analysis, this paper explores the theoretical bases of the ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, such as the theory of circular economy, clean production theory, landscape ecology theory. Based on these analyses, it comes up with the technical system and constructs the analytical procedures of coalmine waste’s ecological disposal and comprehensive utilization.
(3) From the perspective of empirical research, this paper takes Linfen’s Huozhou Xinzhi Coalmine as an example. Through data analysis, field observations, GPS positioning, on-site interviews, landscape photography, quantitative terms, professional graphics, the paper studies empirically and proposes clean development and ecological control measures, which have great significance in coordinating the conflict between environment and economy and thus achieving regional sustainable development. In order to reflect the regional characteristics of Linfen City, make an environmental and economical operation and have a good match of theory and practice, this paper suggests the construction of various coal mines in the future as an important content and control measures.
(4) Finally, as a conclusion, this paper summarizes the main thesis work and some basic conclusions, pointing out its shortcomings and some relative further explorations.
引文
【1】康晓光等.中国的可持续发展研究.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1995
【2】国家环保局.工业废渣建筑材料.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993?
【3】何劲波、水清.砖瓦烧结技术.北京::金盾出版社,1998?
【4】冯江、王尾.环境生态学导论.北京:高等教育出版社,2002?
【5】杨京平、卢剑波.生态恢复工程技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002?
【6】钱易、唐孝炎等..环境保护与可持续发展.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
【7】郭怀成、尚金城、张天柱.环境规划学.北京:高等教育出版社,2001?
【8】朱训主编.中国矿情,第一卷总论,能源矿产.北京:科学出版社,1999
【9】杨起、韩德馨主编.中国煤田地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
【10】武汉地质学院煤田教研室编著.煤田地质学.北京:地质出版,1981?
【11】《矿产资源综合利用手册》编辑委员会编.矿产资源综合利用手册.北京:科学出版社,2000
【12】李树志.生物复垦技术.矿区废地复垦与绿化.北京:林业出版社,1995
【13】周树理、冷国庆、韩修荣等.矸石复垦造林与环境质量评价的研究.矿区废地复垦与绿化. 北京:林业出版社,1995
【14】王有栓、冯金生、贾平.煤矸石山复垦种植的研究.矿区废地复垦与绿化.北京林业出版社,1999?
【15】霍宗宝、盖明光、张春霞.酸性矸石复垦种植的研究.矿山废地复垦与绿化.北京:林业出版社, 1995.
【16】金丹阳、方涤凡.再生资源产业的实践与探索.北京.中国环境科学出版社,2001?
【17】廖宗文.工业废物的农用资源化:理论、技术和实践.?北京.中国环境科学出版社,1996
【18】胡振琪、张光灿、毕银丽等.煤矸石山刺槐林分生产力及生态效应的研究.北京.生态学报.1999
【19】李海珍、姜有.煤矸石的综合利用.山西.煤炭技术,1999.5:P25～26?
【20】宋焕斌、张文彬.煤矸石的开发利用.化工矿物与加工,2000.12:P23～25?
【21】长晓云、刘东玉.煤矸石综合利用分析.山西能源与节能,2000.3:P38～40?
【22】陈选、付开鑫等.高硫煤矸石回收硫精矿实践及其在综合利用中的作用.北京.中国资源综合利用,2000.12:P17～18?
【23】赵庚星、王可涵、史衍玺.煤矿塌陷地复垦模式及综合开发技术研究.北京.中国土地科学,2000.5:P42～44
【24】常允新,朱学顺,宋长斌等.煤矸石的危害与防治.北京.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001.12(2):P39～43
【25】林鹰.用林业复垦治理矸石环境.北京.环境保护,1992.12:P29～30?
【26】.张延莹、张登高.煤矸石的化工利用和开发.北京.现代化工,1998.4:P9～10?
【27】傅伯杰、陈利顶.中国生态环境的新特点及其对策.北京.环境科学,2001.1:P11～12?
【28】于江、郝其昌.尾矿坝及废石场边坡复垦的新方法.北京.矿业快报,2000.5:P104～106?
【29】卞正富.国内外煤矿区土地复垦研究综述.北京.中国土地科学,2000.1:P6～11?
【30】江洪清.煤矸石对环境的危害及其综合治理与利用.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2003.3:P 43～46
【31】宋建军.推进煤矸石资源化利用的对策建议.北京.中国煤炭地质,2006.2:P9～12
【32】冷发光.煤矸石综合利用的研究与应用现状.四川.四川建筑科学,2000.2:P44～46
【26】吕英.抓住机遇、促进发展,努力做好煤矸石综合利用工作.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2005.4:P6～9
【33】李海英、杨文才.煤矸石的综合利用研究.北京.环境工程,2002.5:P46～48?
【34】常万林.煤矸石的综合利用.河北.河北煤炭,2002.3:P6～8?
【35】蒋爱良.煤矸石的组成特征及利用途径.北京.中国煤炭,2000.26(3):P25～27?
【36】张晓云,刘东玉.煤矸石综合利用技术分析.山西.山西能源与节能,2000.1:P38～40?
【37】朱昌广,黄洪文.煤泥发电技术及效益分析.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2001.1:P44～46
【38】杨永仁.积极推进我国煤炭资源综合利用的发展.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2005.4:P1～5
【39】李春生、李建国、张守成等.利用煤矸石火力发电的效益分析.河南.河南教育学院学报,1999.8(1):P59～62
【40】龙秀德、唐君华.煤矸石发电厂经济运行分析.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2004.4:P37～40
【41】康红生、郑泽柱.常村矿区建设煤矸石烧结空心砖厂的实践与探索.山西.山西煤炭,2002.22(2):P60～62
【42】肖运利、魏庆敏等.粉煤灰承重砖的研制.河北.河北理工学院学报,2001.2:P27～30?
【43】周宝贵、刘振吉.高掺量粉煤灰烧结承重多孔砖的工业性试制.北京.粉煤灰综合利用,2002.6:P43～44
【44】赵树珍等.煤矸石综合利用电厂现状与发展.北京.煤炭经济研究,2002.2:P28～30?
【45】李剑、刘贤群.我国煤矸石制砖的现状与发展.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2001.6:P24～25?
【46】雷学武、万余庆、李宝春.乌达矿区煤层自燃现状及成因分析.北京.中国煤海地质,1999.11(4):P19～20?
【47】郭如新.4A沸石发展现状及其应用前景.北京.表面活性剂工业,1993.2:P1～7
【48】朱明、金国林.煤矸石合成NaX分子筛的研究.北京.化学世界,,2003.1:P8～10
【49】王文静.新汶矿区煤矸石特征及综合利用研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2004?
【50】敖卫华.内蒙古乌达矿区煤矸石中有害物质环境地球化学效应研究.中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2005
【51】冯军会.煤矸石有害元素赋存状态、迁移规律及复垦环境效应.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2003
【52】安林萍.煤矸石风化物的复垦特性及其改良措施研究.山西农业大学硕士学位论文.2005
【53】李侠.煤矸石对环境的影响及再利用研究.长安大学硕士学位论文.2005
【54】蒋文琼.绿化造林改善矸石山生态环境效应的研究-以兴隆矿和济三矿为例.北京林业大学硕士学位论文.2004
【55】王国平.辽宁阜新煤矸石资源化研究.成都理工大学硕士学位论文.2005
【56】别青城.矿山二次资源利用与生态环境治理产业化研究.中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2002
【57】钟元春.矿区景观生态维护与重建研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2005
【58】雷利.蒋庄煤矿矸石热电厂环保综合利用项目设计.四川大学硕士学位论文.2004
【59】刘海晶.白庄矿区生态修复规划研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2004
【60】Benvenuti M, Mascaro I, Corsini F, Lattanzi P, Parrini P, Tanelli G. Mine waste dumps and heavy metal pollution in abandoned mining district of Boccheggiano (Southern Tuscany, Italy) [J],Environmental Geology, 1997, 30 (3/4):238～243.
【61】Blowes D W, Jambor J L. The pore‐water geochemistry and the mineralogy of the vadose zone of sulfide tailings, Waite Amulet, Quebec, Canada [J].Appl Geochem,1990,(5):327～346.
【62】Sobek A. A.,Schuller W. A.,Freeman J. R. Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburdens and minesoils. EPA‐600/2‐78‐054, Environmental Protection Ageency, Washington, DC, 1978.
【63】Jambor J L, and Blowes D. W. (ed.).The environmental geochemistry of sulfide mine一wastes [S].MAC Short Course Handbook 22. Waterloo, Ontario,1994.
【64】Shaw S. C.,Gorat L. A.,Jambor J. L.,Blowes D. W.,Hanton‐Fong C. J. Mineralogical study of base metal tailings with various sulfide contents, oxidized in laboratory columns and field lysimeters[J]. Environmental Geology,1998,33(2/3):209～217
【62】Martin C. J. ,Al T. A.,Cabri L. J. Surface analysis of particle in mine tailings by time‐od flight Laser‐ionization mass spectrometry (TOF‐LIMS)[J]. Environmental Geology ,1997,32(2):107～113
【66】An evaluation of the impact of spoil handling methods on the physical properties of areplaced growing medium and on tree survival by Conrad, Paul Walter;,PhDUNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, 2002, 262 pages
【67】Biology and ecology of Furia gastropachae, a fungal pathogen of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria by Filotas, Melani Jacqueline; PhD CORNELLUNIVERSITY, 2002,220 pales,57: 353～358
【68】Daily G C,Alexander S,Ehrlich P R,et al,Ecosystem Services:Benefits Supplied to Human Society by Natural Ecosystems[M],Issues in Ecology, The Ecological Society of American,1997.
【69】E.C. ~ILEK and Y. UMUCU. A Statistical Model For Gangue Entrainment Into Froths In‐ flotationOf Sulphide Ores[J]，Mineral.v Engineering 2001，14(9):1055～1066
【70】Liu Wenzhong, Kong Li, Qu Tan, Cheng Jingjing. An evaluation of measurement uncertaintiesin the on‐line measurement of coal ash content by garmma‐raytransmission[J]，Applied Radiation andIsotopes, 2002
【71】Taylor J and blaring C.2001.The passive prevention of AMD in underground mines bydisplacement of air with a reducing gas mixture;GaRDS[J].Mine water and the Environment,(20):2～7.
【2】国家环保局.工业废渣建筑材料.北京:中国环境科学出版社,1993?
【3】何劲波、水清.砖瓦烧结技术.北京::金盾出版社,1998?
【4】冯江、王尾.环境生态学导论.北京:高等教育出版社,2002?
【5】杨京平、卢剑波.生态恢复工程技术.北京:化学工业出版社,2002?
【6】钱易、唐孝炎等..环境保护与可持续发展.北京:高等教育出版社,1999
【7】郭怀成、尚金城、张天柱.环境规划学.北京:高等教育出版社,2001?
【8】朱训主编.中国矿情,第一卷总论,能源矿产.北京:科学出版社,1999
【9】杨起、韩德馨主编.中国煤田地质学.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1997
【10】武汉地质学院煤田教研室编著.煤田地质学.北京:地质出版,1981?
【11】《矿产资源综合利用手册》编辑委员会编.矿产资源综合利用手册.北京:科学出版社,2000
【12】李树志.生物复垦技术.矿区废地复垦与绿化.北京:林业出版社,1995
【13】周树理、冷国庆、韩修荣等.矸石复垦造林与环境质量评价的研究.矿区废地复垦与绿化. 北京:林业出版社,1995
【14】王有栓、冯金生、贾平.煤矸石山复垦种植的研究.矿区废地复垦与绿化.北京林业出版社,1999?
【15】霍宗宝、盖明光、张春霞.酸性矸石复垦种植的研究.矿山废地复垦与绿化.北京:林业出版社, 1995.
【16】金丹阳、方涤凡.再生资源产业的实践与探索.北京.中国环境科学出版社,2001?
【17】廖宗文.工业废物的农用资源化:理论、技术和实践.?北京.中国环境科学出版社,1996
【18】胡振琪、张光灿、毕银丽等.煤矸石山刺槐林分生产力及生态效应的研究.北京.生态学报.1999
【19】李海珍、姜有.煤矸石的综合利用.山西.煤炭技术,1999.5:P25～26?
【20】宋焕斌、张文彬.煤矸石的开发利用.化工矿物与加工,2000.12:P23～25?
【21】长晓云、刘东玉.煤矸石综合利用分析.山西能源与节能,2000.3:P38～40?
【22】陈选、付开鑫等.高硫煤矸石回收硫精矿实践及其在综合利用中的作用.北京.中国资源综合利用,2000.12:P17～18?
【23】赵庚星、王可涵、史衍玺.煤矿塌陷地复垦模式及综合开发技术研究.北京.中国土地科学,2000.5:P42～44
【24】常允新,朱学顺,宋长斌等.煤矸石的危害与防治.北京.中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001.12(2):P39～43
【25】林鹰.用林业复垦治理矸石环境.北京.环境保护,1992.12:P29～30?
【26】.张延莹、张登高.煤矸石的化工利用和开发.北京.现代化工,1998.4:P9～10?
【27】傅伯杰、陈利顶.中国生态环境的新特点及其对策.北京.环境科学,2001.1:P11～12?
【28】于江、郝其昌.尾矿坝及废石场边坡复垦的新方法.北京.矿业快报,2000.5:P104～106?
【29】卞正富.国内外煤矿区土地复垦研究综述.北京.中国土地科学,2000.1:P6～11?
【30】江洪清.煤矸石对环境的危害及其综合治理与利用.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2003.3:P 43～46
【31】宋建军.推进煤矸石资源化利用的对策建议.北京.中国煤炭地质,2006.2:P9～12
【32】冷发光.煤矸石综合利用的研究与应用现状.四川.四川建筑科学,2000.2:P44～46
【26】吕英.抓住机遇、促进发展,努力做好煤矸石综合利用工作.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2005.4:P6～9
【33】李海英、杨文才.煤矸石的综合利用研究.北京.环境工程,2002.5:P46～48?
【34】常万林.煤矸石的综合利用.河北.河北煤炭,2002.3:P6～8?
【35】蒋爱良.煤矸石的组成特征及利用途径.北京.中国煤炭,2000.26(3):P25～27?
【36】张晓云,刘东玉.煤矸石综合利用技术分析.山西.山西能源与节能,2000.1:P38～40?
【37】朱昌广,黄洪文.煤泥发电技术及效益分析.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2001.1:P44～46
【38】杨永仁.积极推进我国煤炭资源综合利用的发展.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2005.4:P1～5
【39】李春生、李建国、张守成等.利用煤矸石火力发电的效益分析.河南.河南教育学院学报,1999.8(1):P59～62
【40】龙秀德、唐君华.煤矸石发电厂经济运行分析.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2004.4:P37～40
【41】康红生、郑泽柱.常村矿区建设煤矸石烧结空心砖厂的实践与探索.山西.山西煤炭,2002.22(2):P60～62
【42】肖运利、魏庆敏等.粉煤灰承重砖的研制.河北.河北理工学院学报,2001.2:P27～30?
【43】周宝贵、刘振吉.高掺量粉煤灰烧结承重多孔砖的工业性试制.北京.粉煤灰综合利用,2002.6:P43～44
【44】赵树珍等.煤矸石综合利用电厂现状与发展.北京.煤炭经济研究,2002.2:P28～30?
【45】李剑、刘贤群.我国煤矸石制砖的现状与发展.北京.煤炭加工与综合利用,2001.6:P24～25?
【46】雷学武、万余庆、李宝春.乌达矿区煤层自燃现状及成因分析.北京.中国煤海地质,1999.11(4):P19～20?
【47】郭如新.4A沸石发展现状及其应用前景.北京.表面活性剂工业,1993.2:P1～7
【48】朱明、金国林.煤矸石合成NaX分子筛的研究.北京.化学世界,,2003.1:P8～10
【49】王文静.新汶矿区煤矸石特征及综合利用研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2004?
【50】敖卫华.内蒙古乌达矿区煤矸石中有害物质环境地球化学效应研究.中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2005
【51】冯军会.煤矸石有害元素赋存状态、迁移规律及复垦环境效应.合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2003
【52】安林萍.煤矸石风化物的复垦特性及其改良措施研究.山西农业大学硕士学位论文.2005
【53】李侠.煤矸石对环境的影响及再利用研究.长安大学硕士学位论文.2005
【54】蒋文琼.绿化造林改善矸石山生态环境效应的研究-以兴隆矿和济三矿为例.北京林业大学硕士学位论文.2004
【55】王国平.辽宁阜新煤矸石资源化研究.成都理工大学硕士学位论文.2005
【56】别青城.矿山二次资源利用与生态环境治理产业化研究.中国地质大学硕士学位论文.2002
【57】钟元春.矿区景观生态维护与重建研究.湖南大学硕士学位论文.2005
【58】雷利.蒋庄煤矿矸石热电厂环保综合利用项目设计.四川大学硕士学位论文.2004
【59】刘海晶.白庄矿区生态修复规划研究.山东科技大学硕士学位论文.2004
【60】Benvenuti M, Mascaro I, Corsini F, Lattanzi P, Parrini P, Tanelli G. Mine waste dumps and heavy metal pollution in abandoned mining district of Boccheggiano (Southern Tuscany, Italy) [J],Environmental Geology, 1997, 30 (3/4):238～243.
【61】Blowes D W, Jambor J L. The pore‐water geochemistry and the mineralogy of the vadose zone of sulfide tailings, Waite Amulet, Quebec, Canada [J].Appl Geochem,1990,(5):327～346.
【62】Sobek A. A.,Schuller W. A.,Freeman J. R. Field and laboratory methods applicable to overburdens and minesoils. EPA‐600/2‐78‐054, Environmental Protection Ageency, Washington, DC, 1978.
【63】Jambor J L, and Blowes D. W. (ed.).The environmental geochemistry of sulfide mine一wastes [S].MAC Short Course Handbook 22. Waterloo, Ontario,1994.
【64】Shaw S. C.,Gorat L. A.,Jambor J. L.,Blowes D. W.,Hanton‐Fong C. J. Mineralogical study of base metal tailings with various sulfide contents, oxidized in laboratory columns and field lysimeters[J]. Environmental Geology,1998,33(2/3):209～217
【62】Martin C. J. ,Al T. A.,Cabri L. J. Surface analysis of particle in mine tailings by time‐od flight Laser‐ionization mass spectrometry (TOF‐LIMS)[J]. Environmental Geology ,1997,32(2):107～113
【66】An evaluation of the impact of spoil handling methods on the physical properties of areplaced growing medium and on tree survival by Conrad, Paul Walter;,PhDUNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY, 2002, 262 pages
【67】Biology and ecology of Furia gastropachae, a fungal pathogen of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria by Filotas, Melani Jacqueline; PhD CORNELLUNIVERSITY, 2002,220 pales,57: 353～358
【68】Daily G C,Alexander S,Ehrlich P R,et al,Ecosystem Services:Benefits Supplied to Human Society by Natural Ecosystems[M],Issues in Ecology, The Ecological Society of American,1997.
【69】E.C. ~ILEK and Y. UMUCU. A Statistical Model For Gangue Entrainment Into Froths In‐ flotationOf Sulphide Ores[J]，Mineral.v Engineering 2001，14(9):1055～1066
【70】Liu Wenzhong, Kong Li, Qu Tan, Cheng Jingjing. An evaluation of measurement uncertaintiesin the on‐line measurement of coal ash content by garmma‐raytransmission[J]，Applied Radiation andIsotopes, 2002
【71】Taylor J and blaring C.2001.The passive prevention of AMD in underground mines bydisplacement of air with a reducing gas mixture;GaRDS[J].Mine water and the Environment,(20):2～7.