基于移动终端的应急救灾原型系统研究
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摘要
针对当前我国应急救灾系统在应急服务中所存在的问题,提出利用移动位置服务技术(Location Based Service,LBS)、遥感技术、地理信息系统技术(Geographic Information System,GIS)和卫星导航定位技术(Global Navigation Satellite System,GNSS)等空间信息技术开发一套基于移动终端的应急救灾系统原型;利用LBS技术平台,快速获得当前灾害发生的位置,确保救灾人员与指挥中心能够实时进行信息传送,并且指挥中心能对每个移动终端的位置进行实时监控,确保了救灾的时效性;利用遥感技术对灾区历史信息和实时信息的快速获取,从中提取灾害的各类信息,同时,将获得的最新遥感图像直接运用于应急救灾系统的移动终端设备中去,携带移动终端的救灾人员就可以实时得知自己所在灾区的具体位置;利用GIS技术对灾害数据进行采集、编辑、更新、存储、管理、空间查询、显示与输出等功能,可有效地用于灾情的预测与监测,同时GIS的地图浏览、空间数据管理、空间分析、地图表达能力体现了GIS技术可视化和时效性的特征;利用GNSS技术提高了灾害管理部门灾情数据的采集与管理能力,提高灾害应急指挥调度工作能力,同时能为灾害评估和防灾减灾辅助决策服务提供有力的支持。本人在对应急救灾系统的具体需求设计基础上,充分运用了LBS技术、遥感技术、GIS技术和GNSS技术等空间信息技术的上述技术优势,在常用的开发环境下设计开发了一套完整的基于移动终端的应急救灾原型系统,主要包括系统总体结构设计、移动终端系统设计、指挥中心平台系统设计、数据标准制定(包括栅格矢量数据标准、元数据标准、通讯协议标准、定位数据交换接口标准)和数据结构设计(包括空间数据结构和属性数据结构),最后通过实例来验证该系统的可行性与有效性,实现了图层管理、GPS管理、数据录入、文件发送和数据采集等功能。
通过对该系统的研究发现,基于移动终端的应急救灾系统中所利用的空间信息技术方法能够极大的提高救灾工作的时效性,更多的挽回灾害损失,为确保救灾工作顺利进行提供了一条新的路径和方法。
As a result of emergency relief system has a lot of problems in the emergency services and the manner in the present in China. Put forward the use of location based services technology (Location Based Service, LBS), remote-sensing technology, geographic information systems technology (Geographic Information System, GIS) and global navigation satellite systems technology (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS), etc. spatial information technology to develop a emergency relief prototype system based on mobile terminal, the use of LBS technology platform, rapid access to the location of the current disaster, to ensure that relief personnel and the command center can send real-time information, and the command center can real-time monitoring the location of each terminal, to ensure the timeliness of emergency relief; the use of remote-sensing technology rapid access to the affected region of historical information and real-time information, extracted from various types of disaster information, at the same time, the latest remote-sensing images used in emergency relief system of mobile terminal equipment, the workers who carry on mobile terminal can real-time know their location in the disaster area; the use of GIS technology for the affected region data acquisition, editing, updating, storage, management, spatial query, display and output function etc., can be effectively used for disaster forecasting and monitoring, at the same time, GIS map browsing, spatial data management, spatial analysis, reflects the visualization and effectiveness ability of GIS technology; the use of GNSS technology to enhance the disaster management sector to management disaster data collection, and scheduling to improve disaster response command and the ability to work, as well as for hazard assessment, prevention and mitigation services to provide strong support. Based on specific needs in the design of emergency relief system, make full use of LBS technology, remote-sensing technology, GIS technology and GNSS technology advantages, based on the development of in the general environment to develop a emergency relief prototype system based on mobile terminal, including the structure of the main system, the design of the system mobile terminal, the design of the command center system platform, the development of data standards (including the grid and vector data standards, metadata standards, communications protocol standards, positioning data exchange interface standards ) and the design of data structure (including the spatial data structure and attribute data structure), and finally through the example of the system to verify the feasibility and effectiveness, to achieve the layer management, GPS management, data entry, document delivery and data acquisition functions , etc.
Through the research of the system, emergency relief system based on mobile terminal can make full use of the advantage of spatial information technology to improve the timeliness of relief work, restore the loss of more disasters, provides a new approach for ensure the smooth progress of relief work.
通过对该系统的研究发现,基于移动终端的应急救灾系统中所利用的空间信息技术方法能够极大的提高救灾工作的时效性,更多的挽回灾害损失,为确保救灾工作顺利进行提供了一条新的路径和方法。
As a result of emergency relief system has a lot of problems in the emergency services and the manner in the present in China. Put forward the use of location based services technology (Location Based Service, LBS), remote-sensing technology, geographic information systems technology (Geographic Information System, GIS) and global navigation satellite systems technology (Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS), etc. spatial information technology to develop a emergency relief prototype system based on mobile terminal, the use of LBS technology platform, rapid access to the location of the current disaster, to ensure that relief personnel and the command center can send real-time information, and the command center can real-time monitoring the location of each terminal, to ensure the timeliness of emergency relief; the use of remote-sensing technology rapid access to the affected region of historical information and real-time information, extracted from various types of disaster information, at the same time, the latest remote-sensing images used in emergency relief system of mobile terminal equipment, the workers who carry on mobile terminal can real-time know their location in the disaster area; the use of GIS technology for the affected region data acquisition, editing, updating, storage, management, spatial query, display and output function etc., can be effectively used for disaster forecasting and monitoring, at the same time, GIS map browsing, spatial data management, spatial analysis, reflects the visualization and effectiveness ability of GIS technology; the use of GNSS technology to enhance the disaster management sector to management disaster data collection, and scheduling to improve disaster response command and the ability to work, as well as for hazard assessment, prevention and mitigation services to provide strong support. Based on specific needs in the design of emergency relief system, make full use of LBS technology, remote-sensing technology, GIS technology and GNSS technology advantages, based on the development of in the general environment to develop a emergency relief prototype system based on mobile terminal, including the structure of the main system, the design of the system mobile terminal, the design of the command center system platform, the development of data standards (including the grid and vector data standards, metadata standards, communications protocol standards, positioning data exchange interface standards ) and the design of data structure (including the spatial data structure and attribute data structure), and finally through the example of the system to verify the feasibility and effectiveness, to achieve the layer management, GPS management, data entry, document delivery and data acquisition functions , etc.
Through the research of the system, emergency relief system based on mobile terminal can make full use of the advantage of spatial information technology to improve the timeliness of relief work, restore the loss of more disasters, provides a new approach for ensure the smooth progress of relief work.
引文
[1]李学举,杨衍银,袁曙宏.灾害应急管理.中国社会出版社[M]. 2005.
[2]张佰成,谭伟贤.城市应急联动系统建设与应用.科学出版社[M]. 2005.
[3]雷宇,赵晓林. GNSS技术在自然灾害应急救助中的应用. DCDF2008论文集: 38-42.
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[10]宋建华,李治安,郑兴.导航数据库在ITS和LBS中的应用研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息. 2006, 29(6): 42-45.
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[13]陈颖彪,千庆兰,陈健飞.嵌入式GIS数据采集与导航系统设计技术与功能.地球信息科学[J]. 2008,10(5): 629-636.
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[15]钟光.遥感技术在环境监测中的应用.才智[J]. 2008年第21期, 155-156.
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[18]孙龙杰.移动通信与终端.电子工业出版社[M], 2007.
[19]孙青卉.移动通信技术.机械工业出版社[M], 2001.
[20]书惠民,李白萍.蜂窝移动通信技术.西安电子科技大学出版社[M], 2002.
[21]沈荣华.国外防灾救灾应急管理体制.中国社会出版社[M], 2008.
[22]张昕,马忠俊,罗金洲,李鹏,张艳萍.抗震救灾航空应急运输保障特点与应对策略.国防交通工程与技术[J]. 2008年第06期, 1-3.
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[24]季一鑫,杨强.抗震救灾卫勤保障存在问题与对策.空军总医院学报[J]. 2008, 24(3), 137-139.
[25]董华,张吉光.城市公共安全--应急与管理.化学工业出版社[M], 2006.
[26]计雷,池宏,陈安,陈建明,赵红等.突发事件应急管理.高等教育出版社[M], 2006.
[27]吕志平,赵冬青,徐爱民等.位置服务系统(LBS)的构建[J].测绘科学. 2005, 30(2): 92-94.
[28]吴彬. GPS技术在我国土地管理中的应用.经营管理者[J]. 2008年第15期: 226-229.
[29]钱兆向. GIS与RS技术在城市防震减灾中的应用研究.城市勘测[J]. 2008年第01期: 17-20.
[30]任维政,马磊,徐连明,吴雨航,邹德君.基于网格GIS的数字校园LBS体系研究与应用[J]. DCDF2008论文集: 204-210.
[31]费丽娜,方源敏,吴晓明.基于GIS应急处理系统的设计.中国安全生产科学技术[J]. 2007, 3(2): 24-27.
[32]吴信才,白玉琪等.地理信息系统发展现状与展望.计算机工程与应用. 2000.
[33]邬伦,刘瑜等.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用.北京,科学出版社, 2001.
[34]吴雨航,陈秀万,刘晶,于清德. GNSS区域综合应用模式研究. DCDF2008论文集: 44-50.
[35]米红,杨帆,曾东海. GIS技术和数字模型在城市应急系统中的应用.测绘科学[J]. 2005, 30(1): 69-72.
[36]张丽娟,李安波,闾国年,林冰仙. GIS矢量数据的自适应水印研究.地球信息科学[J]. 2008, 10(6): 724-729.
[37]何建敏,刘春林,曹杰,方磊.应急管理与应急系统--选址调度与算法.科学出版社[M],2005.
[38] Schiller J, Voisard A. Location-Based Services[M]. San Francisco, USA: MorganKaufmann Publishers,2004.
[39]王家玉,栅格、矢量数据在空间数据结构中的融合.甘肃科技[J]. 2008, 24(21), 95-97.
[2]张佰成,谭伟贤.城市应急联动系统建设与应用.科学出版社[M]. 2005.
[3]雷宇,赵晓林. GNSS技术在自然灾害应急救助中的应用. DCDF2008论文集: 38-42.
[4]汤磊,但婕.政府在防灾救灾过程中应当采取的措施.经营管理者[J]. 2008年第14期, 60-62.
[5]邬伦,刘瑜,张晶等.地理信息系统原理、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社. 2001.
[6]刘铁健,李瑞涛,吕彬等.我国LBS产业发展的现状分析[J]. 2006, 29(3): 7-8.
[7]邵菡.未来之星——LBS(移动定位)业务[J]. 2006(8): 42-43.
[8]何健.北京师范大学准确定位的移动校园[J].中国教育网络. 2005(6): 50-53.
[9]北京蓝宏智业网络信息技术有限公司.中国位置服务市场研究报告[R]. 2005.
[10]宋建华,李治安,郑兴.导航数据库在ITS和LBS中的应用研究[J].测绘与空间地理信息. 2006, 29(6): 42-45.
[11]崔铁军,李玉,饶欣平.嵌入式GIS的发展及开发实践.测绘学院学报[J]. 2004, 21(2): 128-130.
[12]吴信才,白玉琪等.地理信息系统发展现状与展望.计算机工程与应用. 2000.
[13]陈颖彪,千庆兰,陈健飞.嵌入式GIS数据采集与导航系统设计技术与功能.地球信息科学[J]. 2008,10(5): 629-636.
[14]孙家抦.遥感原理与应用[M].武汉大学出版社. 2005.
[15]钟光.遥感技术在环境监测中的应用.才智[J]. 2008年第21期, 155-156.
[16]翟武全.应急管理系统中气象信息平台构建问题.华东经济管理[J]. 2008, 22(11), 156-158.
[17] Kuusniemi H. Uer-Level Reliability and Quality Monitoring in Satellite-Based Personal Navigation[D]. Tampere University of Technology, 2005.
[18]孙龙杰.移动通信与终端.电子工业出版社[M], 2007.
[19]孙青卉.移动通信技术.机械工业出版社[M], 2001.
[20]书惠民,李白萍.蜂窝移动通信技术.西安电子科技大学出版社[M], 2002.
[21]沈荣华.国外防灾救灾应急管理体制.中国社会出版社[M], 2008.
[22]张昕,马忠俊,罗金洲,李鹏,张艳萍.抗震救灾航空应急运输保障特点与应对策略.国防交通工程与技术[J]. 2008年第06期, 1-3.
[23]章竞,刘宗熹.从汶川地震看我国地震灾害应急物流系统的建设.物流技术[J]. 2008年第10期, 33-35.
[24]季一鑫,杨强.抗震救灾卫勤保障存在问题与对策.空军总医院学报[J]. 2008, 24(3), 137-139.
[25]董华,张吉光.城市公共安全--应急与管理.化学工业出版社[M], 2006.
[26]计雷,池宏,陈安,陈建明,赵红等.突发事件应急管理.高等教育出版社[M], 2006.
[27]吕志平,赵冬青,徐爱民等.位置服务系统(LBS)的构建[J].测绘科学. 2005, 30(2): 92-94.
[28]吴彬. GPS技术在我国土地管理中的应用.经营管理者[J]. 2008年第15期: 226-229.
[29]钱兆向. GIS与RS技术在城市防震减灾中的应用研究.城市勘测[J]. 2008年第01期: 17-20.
[30]任维政,马磊,徐连明,吴雨航,邹德君.基于网格GIS的数字校园LBS体系研究与应用[J]. DCDF2008论文集: 204-210.
[31]费丽娜,方源敏,吴晓明.基于GIS应急处理系统的设计.中国安全生产科学技术[J]. 2007, 3(2): 24-27.
[32]吴信才,白玉琪等.地理信息系统发展现状与展望.计算机工程与应用. 2000.
[33]邬伦,刘瑜等.地理信息系统——原理、方法和应用.北京,科学出版社, 2001.
[34]吴雨航,陈秀万,刘晶,于清德. GNSS区域综合应用模式研究. DCDF2008论文集: 44-50.
[35]米红,杨帆,曾东海. GIS技术和数字模型在城市应急系统中的应用.测绘科学[J]. 2005, 30(1): 69-72.
[36]张丽娟,李安波,闾国年,林冰仙. GIS矢量数据的自适应水印研究.地球信息科学[J]. 2008, 10(6): 724-729.
[37]何建敏,刘春林,曹杰,方磊.应急管理与应急系统--选址调度与算法.科学出版社[M],2005.
[38] Schiller J, Voisard A. Location-Based Services[M]. San Francisco, USA: MorganKaufmann Publishers,2004.
[39]王家玉,栅格、矢量数据在空间数据结构中的融合.甘肃科技[J]. 2008, 24(21), 95-97.