基于提升小波的军事图像隐藏算法研究
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摘要
随着计算机、网络、多媒体以及数字信号处理等技术的飞速发展,信息隐藏技术重新又成为科学技术领域的研究热点。信息隐藏技术应用范围广泛,其中机密信息隐藏是它的一个重要应用领域,而且日益受到国家有关部门尤其是国家安全和军事部门的重视。本论文从图像信息安全和CR信息隐藏等问题出发,对当前信息安全领域的研究热点——信息隐藏和数字水印技术进行了广泛而深入的研究,采用现代信号处理的前沿理论、方法和技术,对数字水印技术中的热点问题——基于提升小波变换的CR图像信息隐藏算法进行了深入研究。
With the rapid developments of the computers, networks, multimedia and digital signal processing technologies, the research of information hiding has become a hotspot again in technological fields. Information hiding technique has very wide applications. One of the applications of information hiding is confidential image information hiding, therefore, becomes important particularly in national security and military section.
The technique of Information hiding and digital watermarking is the research hotspot in the fields of information security. It uses the redundant spaces in multimedia information to carry masking information. It is applied in many fields such as steganographic communication, copyright protection and data authentication. For some important images such as remote sensing and SAR, which arecharacteristic as huge capacity, high price and further demand for security, some information in it should be only visible to the authorized users. And the sensitive part of the picture such as military base information must be invisible for those unauthorized users. So it has very important studying value and practical meaning for research on secret information hiding of these important images.
Starting from the problems in image information security and confidential information hiding, this dissertation make a wide and deep research on the current hotspot in information security field such as Information hiding and Digital watermarking techniques. By using the modern theory, method and techniques, the dissertation has deeply researched on the hot point of digital watermarking, which is CR image information hiding algorithm based on lifting wavelet transform.
Based on the researching of relevant documents domestically and overseas, this research is mainly aiming at the dynamic research of the information hiding technology in the field of military, integrating the application of this technology in the real condition, focusing on the digital watermarking of military images on the basic of CR zoon, combining the current information hiding technology with digital watermarking technology. This research extracts the CR image block from original photograph, takes the useless part as the carrier and hides the CR image block as digital watermarking information. It fully considers the integrating of information hiding and watermark robustness and mainly discusses the following parts:
1. Much more attention has been paid in the domestic and oversea development process and trend, existing problems and research hotspot of the information hiding and digital watermarking. On the basis of thorough research on information hiding theory and its relating techniques, this dissertation analyzes the problem in digital watermarking, discusses the main topic and the solutions of this subject, and also explained the basic theory of digital watermarking technology.
2. Researching of image watermarking technology in wavelet domain, it discusses the wavelet transform in the field of digital watermarking, analyses the advantages of embedding watermark in wavelet domain and the current watermarking algorithm in wavelet domain, introduces the relevant pretreatment technologies of watermark signals. Because the LWT inherits the multi-resolution character of the first wavelet generation and all calculations is processed in space domain, the quality of image recovery is irrelevant to the extension method using in boundary switch, so that there are advantages as the size of image is not limited and the calculation speed is faster and the hardware is easier to achieve. This research introduces application proposals of LWT in the field of information hiding.
3. The current information hiding and digital watermarking technologies are fully integrated in this research. It combines the analysis of SAR image and satellite images, introduces a calculation method on the basic of analyzing LWT and CR that extracting the confidential information in image based on the theories of lifting wavelet and CR extraction method. It also has experiments about SAR images and satellite images. This calculation fully realizes the unpredictable and the tolerant of JPEG compression that shows some robustness. It is a practical calculation method of information hiding watermarking.
4. This research not only improves the calculation method of information hiding watermarking of wavelet CR images, but also improves the calculation method of watermarking pretreatment aiming at the application in the real military condition that enhanced the robustness and security of the calculation method. The comparison of the results from experiment proves that this calculation is better in robustness and hiding effects that is more suitable for the military with high confidential standards and bad transmission environment.
1. Based on the applications of image information hiding in military concealed communication system, combining the information hiding and digital watermarking deeply with the digital image, a wavelet domain algorithm of digital image secret information hiding based on Lifting Wavelet Transform and confidential region (CR) is proposed. Firstly, we segment and extract the CR information block in original image, and then make gray value supplement in that region to generate the disguised cover image. The CR watermarking information encrypted by chaos is embedded into the disguised cover image in lifting wavelet domain, and then the watermarked image is obtained.
2. The experimental results show that the algorithm is of huge hiding information capacity, high imperceptibility and strong robustness, and blind detecting is available. And the algorithm performs well against various attacks such as cropping, salt & pepper noise and JPEG compression. So this algorithm has important practical value of information security to the transmission of important picture such as remote sensing, SAR image and etc.
3. This research introduces the relevant technology in watermark signal pretreatment and uses the relevant technology to improve the wavelet domain algorithm of digital image secret information hiding which based on Lifting Wavelet Transform and confidential region (CR). The comparing lab research result shows that this method is better in robustness and cryptic effect which will be more suitable for the field of military which with the strict confidentiality standards and severe working environment.
With the rapid developments of the computers, networks, multimedia and digital signal processing technologies, the research of information hiding has become a hotspot again in technological fields. Information hiding technique has very wide applications. One of the applications of information hiding is confidential image information hiding, therefore, becomes important particularly in national security and military section.
The technique of Information hiding and digital watermarking is the research hotspot in the fields of information security. It uses the redundant spaces in multimedia information to carry masking information. It is applied in many fields such as steganographic communication, copyright protection and data authentication. For some important images such as remote sensing and SAR, which arecharacteristic as huge capacity, high price and further demand for security, some information in it should be only visible to the authorized users. And the sensitive part of the picture such as military base information must be invisible for those unauthorized users. So it has very important studying value and practical meaning for research on secret information hiding of these important images.
Starting from the problems in image information security and confidential information hiding, this dissertation make a wide and deep research on the current hotspot in information security field such as Information hiding and Digital watermarking techniques. By using the modern theory, method and techniques, the dissertation has deeply researched on the hot point of digital watermarking, which is CR image information hiding algorithm based on lifting wavelet transform.
Based on the researching of relevant documents domestically and overseas, this research is mainly aiming at the dynamic research of the information hiding technology in the field of military, integrating the application of this technology in the real condition, focusing on the digital watermarking of military images on the basic of CR zoon, combining the current information hiding technology with digital watermarking technology. This research extracts the CR image block from original photograph, takes the useless part as the carrier and hides the CR image block as digital watermarking information. It fully considers the integrating of information hiding and watermark robustness and mainly discusses the following parts:
1. Much more attention has been paid in the domestic and oversea development process and trend, existing problems and research hotspot of the information hiding and digital watermarking. On the basis of thorough research on information hiding theory and its relating techniques, this dissertation analyzes the problem in digital watermarking, discusses the main topic and the solutions of this subject, and also explained the basic theory of digital watermarking technology.
2. Researching of image watermarking technology in wavelet domain, it discusses the wavelet transform in the field of digital watermarking, analyses the advantages of embedding watermark in wavelet domain and the current watermarking algorithm in wavelet domain, introduces the relevant pretreatment technologies of watermark signals. Because the LWT inherits the multi-resolution character of the first wavelet generation and all calculations is processed in space domain, the quality of image recovery is irrelevant to the extension method using in boundary switch, so that there are advantages as the size of image is not limited and the calculation speed is faster and the hardware is easier to achieve. This research introduces application proposals of LWT in the field of information hiding.
3. The current information hiding and digital watermarking technologies are fully integrated in this research. It combines the analysis of SAR image and satellite images, introduces a calculation method on the basic of analyzing LWT and CR that extracting the confidential information in image based on the theories of lifting wavelet and CR extraction method. It also has experiments about SAR images and satellite images. This calculation fully realizes the unpredictable and the tolerant of JPEG compression that shows some robustness. It is a practical calculation method of information hiding watermarking.
4. This research not only improves the calculation method of information hiding watermarking of wavelet CR images, but also improves the calculation method of watermarking pretreatment aiming at the application in the real military condition that enhanced the robustness and security of the calculation method. The comparison of the results from experiment proves that this calculation is better in robustness and hiding effects that is more suitable for the military with high confidential standards and bad transmission environment.
1. Based on the applications of image information hiding in military concealed communication system, combining the information hiding and digital watermarking deeply with the digital image, a wavelet domain algorithm of digital image secret information hiding based on Lifting Wavelet Transform and confidential region (CR) is proposed. Firstly, we segment and extract the CR information block in original image, and then make gray value supplement in that region to generate the disguised cover image. The CR watermarking information encrypted by chaos is embedded into the disguised cover image in lifting wavelet domain, and then the watermarked image is obtained.
2. The experimental results show that the algorithm is of huge hiding information capacity, high imperceptibility and strong robustness, and blind detecting is available. And the algorithm performs well against various attacks such as cropping, salt & pepper noise and JPEG compression. So this algorithm has important practical value of information security to the transmission of important picture such as remote sensing, SAR image and etc.
3. This research introduces the relevant technology in watermark signal pretreatment and uses the relevant technology to improve the wavelet domain algorithm of digital image secret information hiding which based on Lifting Wavelet Transform and confidential region (CR). The comparing lab research result shows that this method is better in robustness and cryptic effect which will be more suitable for the field of military which with the strict confidentiality standards and severe working environment.
引文
[1]王丽娜,刘玉珍.信息隐藏技术与应用.武汉大学出版社,2003
[2]钮心忻.信息隐藏与数字水印的研究及发展.计算机教育, 2005(1):22~24
[3]黄殿中,夏煜.基于图像的信息隐藏分析技术综述.计算机工程, 2003,9(7):1~3
[4] Petitcolas F A P, Anderson R J, Kuhn M G. Information hiding—a survey. Proceedings of IEEE, 1999, 87(7):1062~1078
[5]刘振华,尹萍.信息隐藏技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[6]陈琦,王炳锡.网络环境下的信息隐藏与数字水印技术.网络安全技术与应用,2001(7):19~22
[7] Prasad L, Iyengar S. S. Wavelet Analysis with Applications to Image Processing [M]. Boca Ration, Florida: CRC Press LLC. 1997
[8] Petitcolas F.A.P., Anderson R.J., Kuhn M.G. Information hiding survey[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE[J], 1999, 87(7):1062~1077
[9] Petitcolas F.A.P., Anderson R.J., Kuhn M.G. Information hiding survey[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE[J], 1999, 87(7):1062~1077
[10]刘瑞珍,谭铁牛.数字图像水印研究综述.通信学报, 2000, 8(8):39~45
[11]易开详,石教英.数字水印技术研究进展.中国图形图象学报, 2001, 2(2):111~117
[12] Cox I J, Miller M L. The first 50 years of electronic watermarking. EURASIP J. of applied signal processing, 2002, 2:126~132
[13] Voyatzis G, Pitas I. The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia products. Proceedings of IEEE, 1999, 87(7):1197~1207
[14] Kundur D, Hatzinakos D. Digital watermarking for telltale tamper-proofing and authentication. Proceedings of the IEEE Special Issue on Identification and Protection of Multimedia Information, 1999, 87(7):1167~1180
[15] Boney L, Tewfik A, Hamdy K. Digital watermarks for audio signals. IEEE Int. Conf. on Multimedia computing and systems, 1996, 1:473~480
[16]易开祥.数字图像加密与数字水印技术研究[博士学位论文].浙江大学,2001
[17] Samuel, S.; Penzhorn, W.T. Digital watermarking for copyright protection.IEEE Image Processing, 2004,2(2):953~957
[18] Schyndel R G van,Tirkel A Z, Osborne C F.A digital watermark. First IEEE International Image Processing Conference, 1994, 2: 86~90
[19] Cox I J,et al. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. Technical Report 95-10, NEC Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, 1995
[20] Pitas I. A method of signature casting on digital images. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1996, 3:215~218
[21] Cox J, Killian J, Leighton F.T, et al. Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Images. Audio and Video. Proc of ICIP, Swaziland, 1996(3):243~246
[22] Houng-Jyh, Mike Wang, PO-Chysisu, et al. Wavelet-Based Digital Image Watermarking. Optics Express, 1998, 3(12): 491~496
[23] Puate J. and Jordan F. Using Fractal Compression Scheme to Embedded a Digital Signature into An Image. Proc.of SPIE, 1996.
[24]伍凯宁,曹汉强等.数字水印攻击技术及对策研究.计算机应用, 2004, 14(6):153~155
[25]尹康,向辉,石教英.多媒体数据数字水印系统及其攻击分析.计算机科学, 1996, 26(10):44~48
[26]谷口庆治编,杨力华等译.信号处理的小播导引.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002
[27]张旭东.图像编码基础和小波压缩技术——原理、算法和标准.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[28] Roger L. Claypoole, Geoffrev M. Davis, Wim Sweldens. Nonlinear wavelet transforms for image coding via lifting[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1999, 8:3~6
[29]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999
[30]周熠.图像数字水印技术中的小波变换技术研究.计算机与数字工程,2004,32(2):72~75
[31]刘九芬,黄达人,胡军全.数字水印技术中的双正交小波基.中山大学学报,2002,41(4):1~5
[32]易开详.数字图像加密与数字水印技术研究.杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文, 2001
[33] KALKERT. Considerations on watermarking security[A]. Proc of IEEE Multimedia Signal Processing MMSP?01 Workshop[C], Cannes, 2001
[34] Pereira S, Pun T. Robust template matching for affine resistant imagewatermarks[J] . IEEE transactions on image processing, 2000, 9(6)
[35] Arnold, V I, et al. Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics. Matherntical Physics Monograph Series, New York: W.A. Benjamin, INC, 1968
[36] D.Kundur,D. HatZinakos. Digital. Watermarking for Telltale Tamper-proofing and Authentication [A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Special Issue on Identification and Protection of Multimedia Information[C], 1 999, No.7:1167~1180
[37]王炳锡,陈琦,邓峰森.数字水印技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003
[38] Cox I.J., et al. A Secure Robust Watermark for Multimedia. First Workshop on Information Hiding, 1996, 185~206
[39] WangQiu-sheng, SunSheng-he. Watermark embedding algorithm based on quantizing frequency domain parameters of digital audio signal[J].Journal of Acoustics, 2002, 7(27):379~385
[40]唐朝京,雷著.信息论与编码基础.长沙:国防科技大学出版社, 2002
[41]丁玮,齐东旭.数字图像变换与信息隐藏与伪装技术.计算机学报, 12(9):838~843
[42] Daniel Coning, Tim Weyrich. Robust Watermarking of Point-Sampled Geometry. Procee- dings of the Shape Modeling International IEEE, 2004, 8 (4):1~11
[43] Arnold, V I, et al. Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics. Matherntical Physics Monograph Series, New York: W.A. Benjamin, INC, 1968
[44] Cox I.J., et al. A Secure Robust Watermark for Multimedia. First Workshop on Information Hiding, 1996, 185~206
[45] WangQiu-sheng, SunSheng-he. Watermark embedding algorithm based on quantizing frequency domain parameters of digital audio signal[J].Journal of Acoustics, 2002, 7(27):379~385
[2]钮心忻.信息隐藏与数字水印的研究及发展.计算机教育, 2005(1):22~24
[3]黄殿中,夏煜.基于图像的信息隐藏分析技术综述.计算机工程, 2003,9(7):1~3
[4] Petitcolas F A P, Anderson R J, Kuhn M G. Information hiding—a survey. Proceedings of IEEE, 1999, 87(7):1062~1078
[5]刘振华,尹萍.信息隐藏技术及其应用.北京:科学出版社, 2002.
[6]陈琦,王炳锡.网络环境下的信息隐藏与数字水印技术.网络安全技术与应用,2001(7):19~22
[7] Prasad L, Iyengar S. S. Wavelet Analysis with Applications to Image Processing [M]. Boca Ration, Florida: CRC Press LLC. 1997
[8] Petitcolas F.A.P., Anderson R.J., Kuhn M.G. Information hiding survey[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE[J], 1999, 87(7):1062~1077
[9] Petitcolas F.A.P., Anderson R.J., Kuhn M.G. Information hiding survey[J]. Proceedings of the IEEE[J], 1999, 87(7):1062~1077
[10]刘瑞珍,谭铁牛.数字图像水印研究综述.通信学报, 2000, 8(8):39~45
[11]易开详,石教英.数字水印技术研究进展.中国图形图象学报, 2001, 2(2):111~117
[12] Cox I J, Miller M L. The first 50 years of electronic watermarking. EURASIP J. of applied signal processing, 2002, 2:126~132
[13] Voyatzis G, Pitas I. The use of watermarks in the protection of digital multimedia products. Proceedings of IEEE, 1999, 87(7):1197~1207
[14] Kundur D, Hatzinakos D. Digital watermarking for telltale tamper-proofing and authentication. Proceedings of the IEEE Special Issue on Identification and Protection of Multimedia Information, 1999, 87(7):1167~1180
[15] Boney L, Tewfik A, Hamdy K. Digital watermarks for audio signals. IEEE Int. Conf. on Multimedia computing and systems, 1996, 1:473~480
[16]易开祥.数字图像加密与数字水印技术研究[博士学位论文].浙江大学,2001
[17] Samuel, S.; Penzhorn, W.T. Digital watermarking for copyright protection.IEEE Image Processing, 2004,2(2):953~957
[18] Schyndel R G van,Tirkel A Z, Osborne C F.A digital watermark. First IEEE International Image Processing Conference, 1994, 2: 86~90
[19] Cox I J,et al. Secure spread spectrum watermarking for multimedia. Technical Report 95-10, NEC Research Institute, Princeton, NJ, 1995
[20] Pitas I. A method of signature casting on digital images. IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, 1996, 3:215~218
[21] Cox J, Killian J, Leighton F.T, et al. Secure Spread Spectrum Watermarking for Images. Audio and Video. Proc of ICIP, Swaziland, 1996(3):243~246
[22] Houng-Jyh, Mike Wang, PO-Chysisu, et al. Wavelet-Based Digital Image Watermarking. Optics Express, 1998, 3(12): 491~496
[23] Puate J. and Jordan F. Using Fractal Compression Scheme to Embedded a Digital Signature into An Image. Proc.of SPIE, 1996.
[24]伍凯宁,曹汉强等.数字水印攻击技术及对策研究.计算机应用, 2004, 14(6):153~155
[25]尹康,向辉,石教英.多媒体数据数字水印系统及其攻击分析.计算机科学, 1996, 26(10):44~48
[26]谷口庆治编,杨力华等译.信号处理的小播导引.北京:机械工业出版社, 2002
[27]张旭东.图像编码基础和小波压缩技术——原理、算法和标准.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[28] Roger L. Claypoole, Geoffrev M. Davis, Wim Sweldens. Nonlinear wavelet transforms for image coding via lifting[J]. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, 1999, 8:3~6
[29]杨福生.小波变换的工程分析与应用.北京:科学出版社,1999
[30]周熠.图像数字水印技术中的小波变换技术研究.计算机与数字工程,2004,32(2):72~75
[31]刘九芬,黄达人,胡军全.数字水印技术中的双正交小波基.中山大学学报,2002,41(4):1~5
[32]易开详.数字图像加密与数字水印技术研究.杭州:浙江大学博士学位论文, 2001
[33] KALKERT. Considerations on watermarking security[A]. Proc of IEEE Multimedia Signal Processing MMSP?01 Workshop[C], Cannes, 2001
[34] Pereira S, Pun T. Robust template matching for affine resistant imagewatermarks[J] . IEEE transactions on image processing, 2000, 9(6)
[35] Arnold, V I, et al. Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics. Matherntical Physics Monograph Series, New York: W.A. Benjamin, INC, 1968
[36] D.Kundur,D. HatZinakos. Digital. Watermarking for Telltale Tamper-proofing and Authentication [A]. Proceedings of the IEEE Special Issue on Identification and Protection of Multimedia Information[C], 1 999, No.7:1167~1180
[37]王炳锡,陈琦,邓峰森.数字水印技术.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003
[38] Cox I.J., et al. A Secure Robust Watermark for Multimedia. First Workshop on Information Hiding, 1996, 185~206
[39] WangQiu-sheng, SunSheng-he. Watermark embedding algorithm based on quantizing frequency domain parameters of digital audio signal[J].Journal of Acoustics, 2002, 7(27):379~385
[40]唐朝京,雷著.信息论与编码基础.长沙:国防科技大学出版社, 2002
[41]丁玮,齐东旭.数字图像变换与信息隐藏与伪装技术.计算机学报, 12(9):838~843
[42] Daniel Coning, Tim Weyrich. Robust Watermarking of Point-Sampled Geometry. Procee- dings of the Shape Modeling International IEEE, 2004, 8 (4):1~11
[43] Arnold, V I, et al. Ergodic Problems of Classical Mechanics. Matherntical Physics Monograph Series, New York: W.A. Benjamin, INC, 1968
[44] Cox I.J., et al. A Secure Robust Watermark for Multimedia. First Workshop on Information Hiding, 1996, 185~206
[45] WangQiu-sheng, SunSheng-he. Watermark embedding algorithm based on quantizing frequency domain parameters of digital audio signal[J].Journal of Acoustics, 2002, 7(27):379~385