浙东沿海城镇区域防护林植物调查及生态效益的研究
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摘要
本论文以浙江省化学原料药基地临海区块和杭州湾滨海生态绿地为研究对象,进行绿地调查,并对医化园区内各群落结构的植物生态效益进行研究,利用先进设备,测定各项指标,计算和比较样地降温增湿、固碳释氧、滞尘、改善空气负离子浓度的能力,主要结论如下:
(1)医化园区绿化树种比较单调,据调查只有50多种,适应园区环境的树种较少,只有26种。其中加拿利海枣、木麻黄、孝顺竹、华盛顿棕榈、火棘、洋白蜡、墨西哥落羽杉、中山杉、乌桕、夹竹桃、木槿、刺槐长势优良。
(2)植物对温度和湿度具有明显的调节作用。在相同的时间下,绿地比水泥路面温度低2.65℃,湿度比水泥路面高7.2%。不同植物群落降温增湿效果也不一样,乔灌草温度低2.86℃,湿度高7.17%;灌草温度低2.58℃,湿度高8.17%;乔草温度低3.13℃,湿度高7.68%;芦苇温度低2.83℃,湿度高5.65%;草坪温度低1.82℃,湿度高5.05%。
(3)8月和10月绿地二氧化碳浓度分别比水泥路面低17.4ppm和3.7ppm,而12月份绿地比水泥路面高32.7ppm;二氧化碳浓度与温度存在显著负相关,与湿度存在线性正相关。
(4)园区内各个植物群落PM_(10)呈现显著的日变化,不同月份日变化也不相同。植物群落PM_(10)质量浓度变化排序为:7月<10月<8月<12月。园区不同结构植物群落PM_(10)质量浓度差值变化排序为:乔灌草<芦苇、草坪<灌草<乔草。空气PM_(10)质量浓度与温度存在显著正相关,与湿度存在线性负相关。
(5)园区内各个植物群落增加空气负离子浓度显著高于路面对照。植物群落空气负离子浓度变化排序为:8月>10月>12月;空气质量等级排序为:10月>12月>8月。园区不同结构植物群落负离子排序为:芦苇>乔灌草>乔草>灌草>草坪>对照。空气负离子与温度和PM_(10)存在显著负相关;与湿度存在显著线性正相关。
Based on study of Chemicals and Medicine base of Linhai, Zhejiang Province and Eco-green of Hangzhou Bay, the study surveyed green land. Used of advanced equipment, we studied ecological benefits of plants of different plant communities structure in the Medical Chemistry park, and determined the indicators. Calculated and compared the ability of reducing the temperature, increasing the humidity, absorbing carbon, releasing oxygen, hindering dust and improving the concentration air ion. The results as follows:
(1)The tree species were monotonous in the Medical Chemistry park, only 50 kinds of species. And only 26 kinds of species adapted to environment to the Medical Chemistry park: Phoenix canariensis, Casuarina equisetifolia, Bambusa multiplex, Washingtonia filifera, Pyracantha fortuneana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Taxodium mucronatu, Ascendens mucronatum, Sapium sebiferum, Nerium indicum, Hibiscus syriacus, Robinia pseudoacacia.
(2)Plants had a significant regulatory role on the temperature and humidity. At the same time, green land was lower 2.65℃than cement road of temperature, and higher 7.2% of humidity. Different plant communities had different effect on reducing the temperature and increasing the humidity. Arbor, shrub and grass were lower 2.86℃of temperature,higher 7.17% of humidity; shrub and grass were lower 2.58℃,higher 8.17%; arbor and grass were lower 3.13℃,higher 7.68%; reed was lower 2.83℃,higher 5.65%; lawn was lower 1.82℃,higher 5.05%.
(3)Green land of CO2 were lower 17.4ppm and 3.7ppm than of cement road in August and October. While in December, cement road were higher 32.7ppm than green land. CO2 had a significant negative correlation with temperature, and had a significant positive correlation with humidity.
(4)PM_(10)0 had a significant diurnal variation of different plant communities in the park, and had different changes in different months. The order of the change of quality and concentration of PM_(10)0 was: July (5)The negative air ion concentration of different plant communities was higher than road in the park. The order of negative air ion concentration of plant communities was: August> October> December. The order of air quality level was: Reed> Arbor, Shrub and Grass> Arbor and grass> Shrub> Lawn> Road. The negative air ion concentration had a significant negative correlation with temperature and PM_(10)0, and had a significant positive correlation with humidity.
(1)医化园区绿化树种比较单调,据调查只有50多种,适应园区环境的树种较少,只有26种。其中加拿利海枣、木麻黄、孝顺竹、华盛顿棕榈、火棘、洋白蜡、墨西哥落羽杉、中山杉、乌桕、夹竹桃、木槿、刺槐长势优良。
(2)植物对温度和湿度具有明显的调节作用。在相同的时间下,绿地比水泥路面温度低2.65℃,湿度比水泥路面高7.2%。不同植物群落降温增湿效果也不一样,乔灌草温度低2.86℃,湿度高7.17%;灌草温度低2.58℃,湿度高8.17%;乔草温度低3.13℃,湿度高7.68%;芦苇温度低2.83℃,湿度高5.65%;草坪温度低1.82℃,湿度高5.05%。
(3)8月和10月绿地二氧化碳浓度分别比水泥路面低17.4ppm和3.7ppm,而12月份绿地比水泥路面高32.7ppm;二氧化碳浓度与温度存在显著负相关,与湿度存在线性正相关。
(4)园区内各个植物群落PM_(10)呈现显著的日变化,不同月份日变化也不相同。植物群落PM_(10)质量浓度变化排序为:7月<10月<8月<12月。园区不同结构植物群落PM_(10)质量浓度差值变化排序为:乔灌草<芦苇、草坪<灌草<乔草。空气PM_(10)质量浓度与温度存在显著正相关,与湿度存在线性负相关。
(5)园区内各个植物群落增加空气负离子浓度显著高于路面对照。植物群落空气负离子浓度变化排序为:8月>10月>12月;空气质量等级排序为:10月>12月>8月。园区不同结构植物群落负离子排序为:芦苇>乔灌草>乔草>灌草>草坪>对照。空气负离子与温度和PM_(10)存在显著负相关;与湿度存在显著线性正相关。
Based on study of Chemicals and Medicine base of Linhai, Zhejiang Province and Eco-green of Hangzhou Bay, the study surveyed green land. Used of advanced equipment, we studied ecological benefits of plants of different plant communities structure in the Medical Chemistry park, and determined the indicators. Calculated and compared the ability of reducing the temperature, increasing the humidity, absorbing carbon, releasing oxygen, hindering dust and improving the concentration air ion. The results as follows:
(1)The tree species were monotonous in the Medical Chemistry park, only 50 kinds of species. And only 26 kinds of species adapted to environment to the Medical Chemistry park: Phoenix canariensis, Casuarina equisetifolia, Bambusa multiplex, Washingtonia filifera, Pyracantha fortuneana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Taxodium mucronatu, Ascendens mucronatum, Sapium sebiferum, Nerium indicum, Hibiscus syriacus, Robinia pseudoacacia.
(2)Plants had a significant regulatory role on the temperature and humidity. At the same time, green land was lower 2.65℃than cement road of temperature, and higher 7.2% of humidity. Different plant communities had different effect on reducing the temperature and increasing the humidity. Arbor, shrub and grass were lower 2.86℃of temperature,higher 7.17% of humidity; shrub and grass were lower 2.58℃,higher 8.17%; arbor and grass were lower 3.13℃,higher 7.68%; reed was lower 2.83℃,higher 5.65%; lawn was lower 1.82℃,higher 5.05%.
(3)Green land of CO2 were lower 17.4ppm and 3.7ppm than of cement road in August and October. While in December, cement road were higher 32.7ppm than green land. CO2 had a significant negative correlation with temperature, and had a significant positive correlation with humidity.
(4)PM_(10)0 had a significant diurnal variation of different plant communities in the park, and had different changes in different months. The order of the change of quality and concentration of PM_(10)0 was: July
引文
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