冷战与美国的国际收支调节政策（1945-1969）
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摘要
国际收支失衡问题是第二次世界大战后美国历届政府面临的严峻问题。国际收支反映一国在一定时期得自国外的全部收入和对外国的全部支出情况。冷战背景下,美国以经济、军事和技术援助等手段笼络盟国和第三世界国家以赢得对苏联冷战的胜利,这使美国政府海外开支庞大,结果美国的国际收支由战后初期的顺差转为逆差,黄金储备大量降低。美国倡导建立的战后货币体系——布雷顿森林体系使美国取得了中心货币国家地位,但也使美国失去了传统的应对国际收支问题的灵活性。由于各届政府都不愿为平衡国际收支而牺牲国内经济目标,更不愿因此问题而对美国的全球战略做重大调整,因此,美国在调节国际收支失衡时将希望寄托在以美国的政治、军事实力为筹码使盟国合作,让盟国承担更多的责任。然而,美国与盟国既有利益的总体一致性,又有个别问题上的严重分歧。国际收支问题是钳制美国霸权的“阿基里斯之踵”,是德国和法国等国对美国冷战战略进行制衡的杠杆。美国调节国际收支失衡的政策对美国对外战略和美国与盟国关系有着极为深远的影响。
本文试图利用美国政府的解密文件并借鉴国内外学者的相关研究成果,追溯从杜鲁门政府到约翰逊政府时期美国调节国际收支失衡问题的政策,从而揭示美国国际收支问题对美国与盟国关系的影响,以及作为双向互动的结果,美国与盟国关系又是怎样影响美国的国际收支政策。冷战的世界环境下,国际收支问题已不仅仅是个经济学领域的国际金融问题,它更是理解美苏关系和美国与盟国关系的纽带。美苏冷战形势直接影响着美国的国际支出情况和美国的盟国对美国调节国际收支政策的态度。因此,国际收支问题是解读冷战背景下美国与盟国的微妙关系的切入点。
本文以国际关系学、国际金融学和政治心理学等学科理论为指导,对浩繁的美国政府解密文件和大量的统计数据进行细致的分析与整理,试图解释和说明如下问题:第一,在冷战的国际环境下,美国的国际收支政策从一开始就成为东西方两大阵营之间和资本主义阵营内部政治、经济、军事等方面实力与利益竞争的产物,冷战进程也在一定程度上受到美国国际收支政策的影响;第二,美国决策者制订国际收支政策以美国对西欧的防务支持和美国的“金融威慑”为筹码,试图据此迫使西欧国家在国际金融合作方面做出让步。然而,冷战背景下,美国只能将以上筹码作为最后的手段。第三,虽然冷战如今已成为历史,但是冷战思维仍在某种程度上左右着美国决策层。美国若不放弃冷战思维,其经济将继续受到各种类似冷战时期的负担的困扰,美国的国际收支困境将不可能得到彻底解决。
Imbalance of international balance of payments during post WWII period was one of the main problems the government of U.S. confronted. International balance of payments describes the whole picture of a country’s receipts from abroad and payments to the outside world. Under the Cold War background, America offered lots of economic, military and techological assistances to alliances and the under-developed countries in order to defeat the Soviet Union, which led to the inflation of overseas expenditures of the U.S. government and the balance of payments turned unfavorable to America. Gold reserve outflowed rapidly. The Bretton Woods System which was initiated by the U.S. made America the international currency country, however, it made America lost the traditional feasibility of imbalance adjustment. Therefore, America tried to make alliances assume more adjustment burden. Althouth there were unanimous interests between America and alliances, there were also diversity among alliances. So balance of payments problems were“the heel of Archilles”and it was also the beverage West Germany and Franch used to balance American Cold War strategy. American balance of payments adjusting policy had great influences on its worldwide strategy and its relationship with alliances.
This dissertation employed a great deal of rare declassified documents by American government under the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act), and used some second-hand books for reference. The main purpose of this dissertation is to trace the changing of American international balance of payments adjusting policy from the Truman administration to the Johnson administration, to reveal what the Cold War had put on America’s policy-making, and as a result of interaction, to make know how American international balance of payments policy changed the process of the Cold War.
Guided by theories of related subjects such as the international relations theory, the international finance theory, and the political psychology theory, and through careful researching the declassified documents, this dissertation tried to illustrate three viewpoints: firstly, under the background of the Cold War, American balance of payments adjustment policy became part of Cold War prestige race, military race and political race from the very beginning. As a result of interaction, the Cold War itself changed in some degree. Secondly, American international balance of payments adjusting policy was derived from a premise that American could count on its troop stationed in Western Europe as a chip and its financil position as deterrence. But that was the last thing America could do under Cold War. Thirdly, American balance of payments problem can’t be solved unless it abandons Cold War thinking.
本文试图利用美国政府的解密文件并借鉴国内外学者的相关研究成果,追溯从杜鲁门政府到约翰逊政府时期美国调节国际收支失衡问题的政策,从而揭示美国国际收支问题对美国与盟国关系的影响,以及作为双向互动的结果,美国与盟国关系又是怎样影响美国的国际收支政策。冷战的世界环境下,国际收支问题已不仅仅是个经济学领域的国际金融问题,它更是理解美苏关系和美国与盟国关系的纽带。美苏冷战形势直接影响着美国的国际支出情况和美国的盟国对美国调节国际收支政策的态度。因此,国际收支问题是解读冷战背景下美国与盟国的微妙关系的切入点。
本文以国际关系学、国际金融学和政治心理学等学科理论为指导,对浩繁的美国政府解密文件和大量的统计数据进行细致的分析与整理,试图解释和说明如下问题:第一,在冷战的国际环境下,美国的国际收支政策从一开始就成为东西方两大阵营之间和资本主义阵营内部政治、经济、军事等方面实力与利益竞争的产物,冷战进程也在一定程度上受到美国国际收支政策的影响;第二,美国决策者制订国际收支政策以美国对西欧的防务支持和美国的“金融威慑”为筹码,试图据此迫使西欧国家在国际金融合作方面做出让步。然而,冷战背景下,美国只能将以上筹码作为最后的手段。第三,虽然冷战如今已成为历史,但是冷战思维仍在某种程度上左右着美国决策层。美国若不放弃冷战思维,其经济将继续受到各种类似冷战时期的负担的困扰,美国的国际收支困境将不可能得到彻底解决。
Imbalance of international balance of payments during post WWII period was one of the main problems the government of U.S. confronted. International balance of payments describes the whole picture of a country’s receipts from abroad and payments to the outside world. Under the Cold War background, America offered lots of economic, military and techological assistances to alliances and the under-developed countries in order to defeat the Soviet Union, which led to the inflation of overseas expenditures of the U.S. government and the balance of payments turned unfavorable to America. Gold reserve outflowed rapidly. The Bretton Woods System which was initiated by the U.S. made America the international currency country, however, it made America lost the traditional feasibility of imbalance adjustment. Therefore, America tried to make alliances assume more adjustment burden. Althouth there were unanimous interests between America and alliances, there were also diversity among alliances. So balance of payments problems were“the heel of Archilles”and it was also the beverage West Germany and Franch used to balance American Cold War strategy. American balance of payments adjusting policy had great influences on its worldwide strategy and its relationship with alliances.
This dissertation employed a great deal of rare declassified documents by American government under the FOIA (Freedom of Information Act), and used some second-hand books for reference. The main purpose of this dissertation is to trace the changing of American international balance of payments adjusting policy from the Truman administration to the Johnson administration, to reveal what the Cold War had put on America’s policy-making, and as a result of interaction, to make know how American international balance of payments policy changed the process of the Cold War.
Guided by theories of related subjects such as the international relations theory, the international finance theory, and the political psychology theory, and through careful researching the declassified documents, this dissertation tried to illustrate three viewpoints: firstly, under the background of the Cold War, American balance of payments adjustment policy became part of Cold War prestige race, military race and political race from the very beginning. As a result of interaction, the Cold War itself changed in some degree. Secondly, American international balance of payments adjusting policy was derived from a premise that American could count on its troop stationed in Western Europe as a chip and its financil position as deterrence. But that was the last thing America could do under Cold War. Thirdly, American balance of payments problem can’t be solved unless it abandons Cold War thinking.
引文
① 凌江怀:《货币金融学》,北京:中国经济出版社,2002 年,第 308 页。
② 王立彦:《官方统计与国际比较统计》,北京:北京大学出版社,1994 年,第 114 页。
③ 国际货币金融组织编,罗平译:《国际收支手册》,第五版,北京:中国金融出版社,1994 年,第 6 页。
① 凌江怀:《货币金融学》,北京:中国经济出版社,2002 年,第 310-312 页。
② 刘颖:《西方经济学》,北京:兵器工业出版社,2001 年,第 419-420 页。
① 何国华:《国际收支调节论》,武汉:湖北人民出版社,2002 年,第 20 页。
② Hal. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.23.
① 朱月煌,郭立宏:《经济政策比较研究》,西安:西北大学出版社,1993 年,第 184 页。
② Financial deterrence, 即美国可以利用其中心货币国地位优势进行一些具体问题的处理,如它可以选择终止以美元兑换黄金,或调整黄金价格等手段迫使其他国家合作,详情参见 C. Fred. Bergsten, The Dilemmas of the Dollar:The Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.267.
① Available at http://www.fraser.stlouisfed.org .( Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis-Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research,下载时间:2007 年 9 月)
② Avilable at http://www.epinet.org (Economic Policy Institute,下载时间:2007 年 9 月)
③ Avilable at http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce 下载时间:2007 年 9 月)
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② The Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development, The International Position of the Dollar, a Statement on National Policy, May 1961, Library of Congress, Catalog Card No. 61-14119.
③ Walter S. Salant, The United States Balance of Payments in 1968, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C ., 1963.
④ Host Mendershausen, Troop Stationing in Germany: Value and Cost, Rand Corporation, 1968.
① Hal B. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,1963.
② James P. Hawley, Dollar﹠Borders, U.S. Government Attempts to Restrict Capital Flows, 1960-1980, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1987.
③ Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961.
④ Robert L. Slighton, David S. C. Chu and Richard V. L. Cooper, The Effect of Untied Development Loans on the U.S. Balance of Payments, The Rand Corporation, 1972.
⑤ John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, New York & London, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988.
① Martin F. J. Prachowny, A Structural Model of the U.S. Balance of Payments, North-Holland Pub.Co., 1969.
② Howard Samuel Piquet, The U.S. Balance of Payments and International Monetary Reserves, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1966.
③ William H. Branson, Financial Capital Flows in the U.S. Balance of Payments, North- Holland Pub. Co, 1968.
④ Wilson E. Schimidt, The U.S. Balance of Payments and the Sinking Dollar, New York University Press, 1979.
⑤ Raymond Frech Mikesell, The U.S. Balance of Payments and the International Role of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1970.
⑥ Jonathan Alan Lee, The Strength of American Business, The Balance of Payments Problems, And United States Foreign Economic Policy in the 1960’s, The University of Texas at Austin, 1996. UMI Number: 9719414.
⑦ Fred L. Block, The Origins of International Economics Disorder: A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977.
⑧ Milton Friedman, Dollars and Deficits, Inflation, Monetary Policy and the Balance of Payments, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliff, N.J., 1968.
⑨ Seymour E. Harris, The Dollar in Crisis, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. 1961.
① Wilson E. Schimidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Research, 1963.
② C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of The Dollar- The Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975.
① Gregory F. Treverton, The Dollar Drain and American Forces in Germany: Managing the Political Economics of Alliance, Ohio University Press, 1978.
① Francis James Gavin, Defending Europe and the Dollar: the Politics of the U.S. Balance of Payments, 1958-1960, University of Pennsylvania, 1997, UMI Number: ATT9800864.
① Kunzle Diane, Lyndon Johnson’s Dollar Diplomacy, History Today, April 1992,EBSCO, 00182753.
② Francis J.Gavin, The Gold Battles within the Cold War: American Monetary Policy and the Defense of Europe, 1960-1963, Diplomatic History, Vol.26, No.1 (Winter 2002).
① 薛伯英、曲恒昌:《美国经济的兴衰》,长沙:湖南人民出版社,1988 年。
② 陈宝森:《美国经济与政府政策――从罗斯福到里根》,北京:世界知识出版社,1988 年。
③ 张敏谦:《美国对外经济战略》,北京:世界知识出版社,2001 年。
④ 张学赋:《经济外交》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003 年。
⑤ 黄素庵:《美元贬值与美国经济实力相对衰落》,《国际问题研究》,1995 年第 3 期,第 37-40 页。
⑥ 方文:《美国国际收支调节机制及其启示》,《中国外汇管理》,1999 年第 11 期,第 32-33 页。
⑦ 李明武:《透析美国的贸易逆差》,《景德镇高专学报》,2000 年第 3 期,第 54-56 页。
⑧ 李明武:《美国贸易逆差的真正原因探析》,《经济师》,2002 年第 4 期,第 86-87。
⑨ 管涛:《评美元贬值对纠正美国经常项目赤字的作用》,《南方金融》,2004 年第 4 期,第 7-11 页。
⑩ 杨权:《贸易逆差、资本净流入与美元霸权的困境》,《对外贸易实务》,2005 年第 3 期,第 30-33 页。 11 崔丕:《美国美元防卫政策的演变》,崔丕主编《冷战时期美国对外政策史探微》,中华书局,2002 年,第 417-440页。
① 苏联科学院美国加拿大研究所编,徐更生、秦国强、程天宝译:《美国对外经济战略》,生活·读书·新知三联出版社,1982 年,第 1 页。
① The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947, p.41, available at http://www.fraser.stlouisfed.org (下载时间 2006 年 9 月,下文简称为 The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947, p.41).
② Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder:A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.33.
③ U.S. Treasury, Articales of Agreement of International Monetary Fund and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, Bretton Woods, N.H., July 1 to 22, 1944, avialble at: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/docs/historical/17_07_19440701.pdf.
④ 张学赋:《经济外交》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003 年,第 41 页。
① The Secretary of the Treasury (Morgenthau) to the Secrtary of State, Washington, May 20, 1942, Foreign Relations of the United States (hereafter cited as FRUS), 1942, vol. I, General, The British Commonwealth, The Far East, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, p.172.
② 详情见:The Secretary of the Treasury (Morgenthau) to the Secrtary of State, Washington, May 20, 1942, Subenclosure 2: ‘Preliminary Draft Proposal for United Nations Stabilization Fund and a Bank for Reconstruction and Development of the United and Associated Nations, Prepared by Mr. Harry Dexter White, Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury, April 1942, FRUS 1942, vol. I, General, The British Commonwealth, The Far East, pp.178-190.
③ [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 42 页。
① 详情见:Text of the Draft Directive or Statement of General Principles FRUS 1943, vol. I, General, pp.1084-1890.
② 该比价为 1944 年 7 月 1 日黄金与美元的比价,即 35 美元兑换一盎司黄金,这一价格是 1934 年 1 月 30 日罗斯福总统签署的《1934 年黄金储备法》确定的美元黄金比价。
③ John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.14.
④ Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.2.
⑤ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.4.
① [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶:《世界货币秩序问题》,第 109-110 页。
② 特里芬难题的基本观点是在可预见的将来,黄金的生产无法满足世界经济增长的需要,随着时间的推移,以任意积累某一国家货币作为储备资产的补充对该国来说会越来越危险,最终将损害为此目的的中心货币,结果,也会威胁建立于这一货币基础之上的世界货币体系。详情见 Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961.
③ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.4.
④ [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶:《世界秩序问题》,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989 年,第110 页。
① 郭建平、岳占菊:《试论冷战起源的几个因素》,《东方论坛》,2005 年第 1 期,第 101 页。
② 《租借法案》,英文表达为 Lend and Lease Bill,1941 年 3 月 11 日,美国参、众两院通过的《租借法案》经罗斯福总统签署,于次日生效。该法案授权总统以出售、转让、租借等形式向对美国安全具有重要意义的国家提供武器、粮食等军需物资。《租借法案》是美国由孤立主义走向参战的重要步骤。美国依据该法向盟国提供了 500 多亿美元的物资,为反法西斯战争的胜利提供了重要的保证。《租借法案》是美国历史上重要的对外援助法案,同时,该法也是美国平衡当时世界政治经济力量的手段,在与英国展开租借协议的谈判时美国要求英国放开帝国市场,为美国商品赢得更多的海外市场,在与英国就战后货币金融秩序的谈判时,美国以停止《租借法案》逼英国就范。1945年 9 月 2 日,杜鲁门总统宣布中止《租借法案》。
③ 张敏谦:《美国对外经济战略》,北京:世界知识出版社,2001 年,第 69-70 页。
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1950, p.149.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1947, p.17.
③ Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.33.
①〔美〕赫伯特·斯坦著,刘景竹译:《总统经济学――从罗斯福到里根以及未来总统经济政策的制定》,北京:中国计划出版社,1989 年,第 59-60 页。
② C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.155.
③ Memorandum by the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan), Foreign Relations Of the United States 1947 (hereafter cited as FRUS), vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.220.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1947, p21.
⑤ 张敏谦:《美国对外经济战略》,北京:世界知识出版社,2001 年,第 69 页。
① Memorandum by the Under Secretary of the State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Foreign Relations Of the United States 1947, (hereafter cited as FRUS), vol. III, the Marshall Plan, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, p.230.
② Summary of Discussion on Problems of Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Europe, May 29, 1947, FRUS 1947 vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.234.
③ The Economic Report of the President, January 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949, p.132.
④ Summary of Discussion on Problems of Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Europe, May 29, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.234.
⑤ Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) , FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.231.
⑥ Report of the Special ‘Ad Hoc’ Committee of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, April 21, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.209.
⑦ Memorandum by Mr. Sherman S. Sheppard of the Bureau of the Budget to the Director of the Bureau (Webb), Washington,April 7,1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.199.
① Report of the Special ‘Ad Hoc’ Committee of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, Washington, April 21, 1947 FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.211.
② Harry S. Truman, Special Message to the Congress on the Marshall Plan, December 19th, 1947, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index..
③ The British Embassy to the Department of State, FRUS 1947, Vol.V, the Near East and Africa, pp.32-37.
④ Harry S. Truman, Special Message to the Congress on the Marshall Plan, December 19th, 1947, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
⑤ Report of the Special ‘Ad Hoc’ Committee of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, April 21, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.204-219.
① The Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) to the Under Secretary of State (Acheson), Washington, May 23, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.223-230.
② Memorandum from the Executie Secretary of the Policy Planning Staff ( Savage) to the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan), Washington, June 3, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.236-237.
① Press Release Issued by the Department of State, June 4, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.237-239.
② The Assistant Chief of the Division of Commerical Policy (Moore) to the Director of the Office of International Trade Policy (Wilcox) at Geneva, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.239.
③ Memorandum Prepared for the Use of the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Washington, June 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.247-249.
④ Memorandum of Conversation, by the Secretary of State, Washington, June 13, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.251-252.
⑤ The British Ambassador (Inverchapel) to the Secretary of State, Washington, June 14, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.253-254.
⑥ The Italian Ambassador (Tarchiani) to the Secretary of State , Washington, June 16, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.254.
① The Secretary of the State to President Truman, Washington, September 24, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.439.
② 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 86 页。
③ Harry S. Truman, Special Message to the Congress on the Marshall Plan. December 19th, 1947, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.(下载时间 2006 年 5 月)
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949. p.25.
⑤ The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.56.
⑥ 丹尼尔·布尔斯廷:《美国人民主历程》,美国驻华大使馆新闻文化处,1988,第 650 页。
⑦ 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 88 页。
① Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.89.
② 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 88 页。
③ Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.88.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947. p.30.
⑤ The Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Mission Located in Washington, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, pp.1261-1262.
① The Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Mission Located in Washington, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.1262.
② The Australia Minister (Eggleston) to Acting Secretary of State (Grew), Washington, January 30, 1945, FRUS 1945, vol. II, General: Political and Economic Matters, p.1328-1330.
③ The Secretary of State to the Australia Minister (Eggleston), Washington, March 13, 1945, FRUS 1945, vol. II, General: Political and Economic Matters, p.1333.
④ Memorandum from the Department of State to the Belgian Embassy, FRUS 1945, vol. II, General: Political and Economic Matters, p.1335.
⑤ Memorandum Prepared in the Division of Commercial Policy, FRUS 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, pp. 1280-1290.
⑥ Memorandum by the Deputy Director of the Office of International Trade Policy (Nitze) to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Washington, December 5, 1946, FRUS, 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p. 1357.
① Memorandum by the Deputy Director of the Office of International Trade Policy (Nitze) to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Washington, December 5, 1946, FRUS, 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p. 1357.
② Memorandum of Conversation, by the Chief of the Division of Commercial Policy (Brown), Washington, April 3,, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.914.
③ The Consul in Geneva (Troutman) to the Secretary of State, Washington, April 28, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.918.
④ The Consul at Geneva (Troutman) to the secretary of State, Geneva, May 28, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.951.
⑤ Telegram from Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) to Representative Harold Cooley, Washington, May 22, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.949-950.
① Memorandum of Conversation, by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Commercial Policy (Beale), Geneva, May 8, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.929.
② Letter from Mr. Harold Wilson to Mr. Clair Wilcox, Geneva, May 21, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.947.
③ Memorandum by the Chairman of the Committee on Trade Agreements (Brown) to President Truman, Geneva, October 17, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.1018.
④ Memorandum by the Department of State to President Truman, Washington, FRUS, 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.1352-1353.
⑤ The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947. p.30.
⑥ The Economic Report of the President, 1948, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1948. p.88.
⑦ The Economic Report of the President, 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949. p.13.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1971. p.299.
② 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 113 页。
③ 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 115 页。
① Harry S. Truman, Inaugural Address, January 20th, 1949, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws (下载时间 2006年 5 月) .
① The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1949 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July 1949,p.13.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.124.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.125.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.184,1950, p.209.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, pp.183-185.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.157.
② The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.68.
③ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.6.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.12.
⑤ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.198.
⑥ The Economic Report of the President, 1952, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.86.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1952, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.30.
② The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.20.
③ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.66.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.141.
⑤ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.67.
⑥ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.46.
⑦ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.47.
⑧ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.146.
⑨ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.120.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1954, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.222.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.209.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.146.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.146.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.147.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.52.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, pp.56-57.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.58.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.58.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950. p58.
② The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July, 1950. p.150.
③ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July,1950. p85.
④ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July,1950, p.87.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.46.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.135.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.135.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953. p136.
⑤ 崔丕,《美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会 1945-1994》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,2005 年,第8 页。
① Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2898.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Economic Policy, March 30th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
② Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs(Thorp) to the Under Secretary (Bruce), May 2, 1952,FRUS1952-1954,vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, United States Government Printing Office, 1983, p234.
③ Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Economic Policy, March 30th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Economic Policy, March 30th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.138.
③ Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2948.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1956, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1956,p.88.
⑤ 详情见 Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2953-3014.
⑥ 详情见 Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.3014-3022.
⑦ 详情见 Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1956, Foreign Economic Policies, 1959, p.1198-1201.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, Executive Order 10582—Prescribing Uniform Procedures for Certain Determinations under the Buy-American Act, December 17th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
② Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2941.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950,p.15.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1955, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1955, pp.53-54.
③ Memorandum by the Assistant Chief for Private Investment, Monetary Affairs Staff (Robinson) to the Director of the Office of Financial and Development Policy(Corbett), June 11, 1952, FRUS1952-1954, vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, p.255.
④ Telegram the United States Representive at the United Nation to the Department of State, October 8, 1954,FRUS1952-1954,vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, p.275.
⑤ Minutes of the 218th Meeting of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems, Held at Washington, Novermber 3, 1954, FRUS1952-1954, vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, p.305.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1958, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1958. p194. The Economic Report of the President, 1959, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1959. p218.
② C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.155.
① [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 115 页。
② Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.142.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.205.
② 李明主编:《20 世纪化、生、核战争――被禁止的战争》,哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1994 年,第 251 页。
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.VIII, The Berlin Crisis, 1958-1959; Foreign Ministers Meeting, p.46.
④ Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, pp.329-331.
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.VIII, The Berlin Crisis, 1958-1959; Foreign Ministers Meeting, p.133.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.330.
② Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.339.
③ Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.446.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.546.
② Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol. IX, The Berlin Crisis, 1959-1960; Germany; Austria, p.423.
③ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, Paris, May 15,1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol. IX, The Berlin Crisis, 1959-1960; Germany; Austria, pp.423-425.
④ Memorandum of Conversation, Paris May 15, 1960, 6 p.m., FRUS 1958-1960, vol. IX, The Berlin Crisis, 1959-1960; Germany; Austria, pp.426-428.
⑤ Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.554.
① Report to the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, March 6, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp. 9-12.
② Report to the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, March 6, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 12.
③ 吴武:《当代世界政治经济与国际关系新编》,西安:陕西人民出版社,1989 年,第 74 页。
④ 根据 The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1961, p.128 数据计算的结果。
① The Economic Report of the President, 1962, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.298.
② 孙执中:《荣衰论战后日本经济史:1945-2004》,北京:人民出版社,2006 年,第 47 页。
① 吴于廑、齐世荣:《世界史·现代史·下卷》,北京:高等教育出版社,1994 年,第 349-350 页。
② Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1958, Foreign Economic Policies, 1962, p.1483.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1961, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1961, p.210.
② Memorandum From the Representative at the UN (Lodge) to the President, February 21, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.414.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1962, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.295.
② The International Position of the Dollar, A statement on international policy by the research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, 1961, p.6.
① The International Position of the Dollar, A statement on international policy by the research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, 1961, p.33.
② C. Fred. Bergsten, The Dilemmas of the Dollar, The Economics and Politics of United states International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.79.
③ Hal. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963. p1.
① Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.140.
② The Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development, The International Position of the Dollar, The Committee for Economic Development, 1961, p.20.
③ Hal. Lary. Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.20.
④ Memorandum from Henry C. Wallich of the Council of Economic Advisers to Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, March 10,1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.102.
⑤ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.148.
① Hal. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.7.
② Memorandum Prepared in the Department of the Treasury, October 30, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV,, Foreign Economic Policy, p.91.
③ Memorandum of Conversation between President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles, November 4, 1958, 8:15 a.m., FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.35.
④ Memorandum from Henry C. Wallich of the Council of Economic Advisers to Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, March 10, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.102.
⑤ Memorandum from Henry C. Wallich of the Council of Economic Advisers to the Council, June 16, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.112.
① Memorandum of Conversation, June 4, 1959, June 4, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.45.
② Memorandum of Discussion at the 409th Meeting of the National Security Council, June 4, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.210-211.
③ Memorandum of Conversation, June 10, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.25.
④ Memorandum of Conversation, June 10, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.27.
⑤ Paper Prepared in the Department of State, July 24, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.115.
⑥ Paper Prepared in the Department of State, July 24, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.116.
⑦ Minutes of the Cabinet Meeting, August 7, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.51.
⑧ Minutes of the Cabinet Meeting, August 7, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.51.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.124.
② Minutes of the 95th Meeting of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, November 19, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.56.
③ Minutes of the 95th Meeting of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, November 19, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.57.
④ Milton Friedman. Dollars and Deficits, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1968, p.207.
① President Deight D. Eisenhower, Annual Budget Message to the Congress- Fiscal Year 1959, January 5, 1958,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
② Memorandum of Conversation, January 22, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.294.
① Memorandum for the record by the President’s Assistant( Harlow) January 30, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.412.
② President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, February 19, 1958,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
③ President Deight D. Eisenhower, Letter to William H. Draper, Jr., Regarding Study of the United States Military Assistance Program, November 24th, 1958,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
④ Memorandum from Director of the Bureau of the Budget Stans to the President’s Assistant (Persons) December 10, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.435.
⑤ Memorandum of Discussion at the 388th Meeting of the NSC, December 3, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.435.
⑥ Memorandum of Discussion at the 388th Meeting of the NSC, December 3, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.435.
① President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, March 13, 1959,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
② Memorandum from Acting Secretary of State Herter to President Eisenhower,March 19, 1959,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.449.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.451.
④ President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, March 13, 1959,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
⑤ Notes of the Legislative Leadership Meeting, April 22, 1959,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 452.
① Memorandum from the Deputy Coordinator of the Mutual Security Program (Bell) to Acting Secretary of State Dillion June 17, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 461.
② 这里的财政上有支付能力是根据纯粹的经济标准确定的,主要从国民生产总值、国际收支情况和预算有关,而与政治上的是否愿意无关。当时有这种财政能力的国家有英国、德国、奥地利、法国、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙和日本。
① Draft NSC Report, November 24, 1959 FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp. 467-468.
② Memoraudum of Discussion at the 427th Meeting of the NSC, December 3, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 473.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 63.
④ Memorandum of the Record by the President’s Deputy Assistant (Harlow), February 29, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 485.
⑤ President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, February 16th, 1960,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
⑥ Memoraudum of Discussion at the 435th Meeting of the National Security Council, February 18, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 496.
① Editorial Note,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 497.
② Memoraudum of Discussion at the 465th Meeting of the National Security Council, October 31, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 526.
③ Memoraudum of Discussion at the 465th Meeting of the National Security Council, October 31, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 529.
① Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961, p.7.
② Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961, p.70.
③ Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress Concerning the Administration’s Program to Promote the Growth of Export Trade, March 17th, 1960. available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
④ Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1959, Foreign Economic Policies, 1962, p.1477.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.126.
② Memorandum from Karl Brandt of the Council of the Economic Advisers to the President’s Special Assistant (Randall), September 21, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.65.
③ Memorandum for the Record by the President’s Assistant (Persons), October 25, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.128.
④ Memorandum for the Record by the President’s Assistant (Persons), October 25, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.129.
⑤ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 9, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.130.
⑥ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 9, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp.130-131.
⑦ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 15, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, ForeignEconomic Policy, p.134.
① Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 15, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.134.
② Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp.139-140.
③ American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, pp.786-792. 参见:Dwight D. Eisenhower, the President’s News Conference at Augusta, Geogia, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/ (下载时间 2006 年 8 月)
④ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 15, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, ForeignEconomic Policy, p. 137.
① Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.142.
② Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.143.
③ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.143.
④ Memorandum for the Record by Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, December 6, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.147.
① 方文:《美国国际收支调节机制及其启示》,《中国外汇管理》,1999 年第 11 期,第 33 页。
② Hal. Lary. Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.7.
③ Francis J. Gavin, Gold, Dollars, and Power. The Uiniversity of North Carolina Press, 2004, p.45.
④ Francis J. Gavin, Gold, Dollars, and Power. The Uiniversity of North Carolina Press, 2004, p.45.
⑤ Memorandum for the Record by Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, December 6, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.149.
⑥ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp.143-144.
⑦ Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.164.
① John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间2006 年 4 月)
① John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment- A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982, p.228.
② Notes on Discussion, Washington, February 11, 1961. 26. FRUS 1961-1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, 1961-1963, Document 26.
① Memorandum of Conversation, Vienna, June 4, 1961, 10:15 a.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 32.
② Memorandum of Conversation, Vienna, June 4, 1961, 3:15 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 33.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 47.
① John F. Kennedy, The President’s News Conference of June 28th, 1961. available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间 2006 年 4 月)
② Report by Dean Acheson, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 49.
③ Report by Dean Acheson, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 49.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No. 58, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 53.
⑤ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.364.
⑥ John F. Kennedy, Radio and Televison Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis, July 25, 1961, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
⑦ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.366.
⑧ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins.,Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.366.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 110.
② Minutes of Meeting, Washington, October 10, 1961, 11 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 173, enclosure.
③ Minutes of Meeting, Washington, October 10, 1961, 11 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 185.
① 张宏毅著,《欧洲优势·美苏对峙·多极世界》,中国青年出版社,1999 年,第 269 页。
② 资中筠主编,《战后美国外交史――从杜鲁门到里根》,世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 358 页。
③ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.469.
① Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union the Department of State, Moscow, April 18, 2 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 9.
② Report Prepared by a Committee of the United States Intelligence Board, Washington, July 11, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Document 245.
③ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days- John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.727.
④ Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Kingdom, Washington, August 30, 1962, 7:22, p.m. , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Document 396.
① Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, August 31, 1962 , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Document 401.
② Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 16.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 17.
④ Special National Intelligence Estimate, SNIE 11-18-62, Washington, October 19, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 32. ⑤Minutes of the 505th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, October 20, 1962, 2:30-5:10 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 34.
⑥ National Security Action Memorandum 196, Washington, October 22, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 42.
① John F. Kennedy, Radio and Televison Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba, October 22, 1962, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
② Letter from President Kennedy to Chairman Khrushchev, Washington, October 22, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 60.
③ Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Moscow, October 23, 1962, 5 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 61.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 59.
⑤ Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Moscow, October 26, 1962, 7 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 84.
⑥ Telegram from the Department to the Embassy in the Soviet Union, Washington, October 27, 1962, 8:05, p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 67.
① John F. Kennedy, The President’s News Conference of November 20, 1962, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
② John F. Kennedy, Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba, October 22nd, 1962, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1965, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1965, p.287.
① John F. Kennedy,Special Message to the Congress on the Defense Budget, March 28, 1961,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.
② [美]托马斯·帕特森:《美国外交政策》,中国社会科学出版社,1989 年,第 724 页。
③ John F. Kennedy,Special Message to the Congress on the Defense Budget, March 28, 1961,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.
④ Memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to President Kennedy, JCSM-697-61, Washington, October 5, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy, Document 49.
① Memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to President Kennedy, JCSM-697-61, Washington, October 5, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy, Document 49.
② Special National Intelligence Estimate, SNIE 11-14-61, Washington, November 21, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy, Document 56.
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.301.
① The research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, The International Position of the Dollar. The committee for economic development, 1961, p.18.
② The research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, The International Position of the Dollar. The committee for economic development, 1961, p.21.
① Memorandum for the Record by Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, December 6, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, Vol. IV, International Financial and Monetary Policy, p.147.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message on Gold and Balance of Payments Deficit, February 6th, 1961. (www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index)
① C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, pp.176-177.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth, Februry 2nd, 1961,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.
③ John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment- A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982, p.226.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
③ Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.27.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments, February 6th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
② 详情见附录二。
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
② 参见 John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
③ National Security Action Memorandum No. 22, Washington, February 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 91, footnote, 1.
① National Security Action Memorandum No. 22, Washington, February 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 91.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Aid, March 22th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
③ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.296.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No. 146, Washington, April 20, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 137.
⑤ Memorandum From the Administrator of the Agency for International Development (Hamilton) to President Kennedy, Washington, May 25, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 140.
⑥ National Security Action Memorandum No. 159, Washington, May 31, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 141.
① Memorandum From the Interagency Committee on Police Assistance Program to President Kennedy, Washington, July 20, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security, Document 99.
② National Security Action Memorandum No. 177, Washington, August 7, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 150.
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963, available at www. presidency.ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
③ John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.20.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
③ 美国于 1962 年 10 月 11 日批准该立法,1963 年 1 月 15 日,肯尼迪签署第 11075 号执行令实施该法。
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
⑤ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
① Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.34.
② The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.5.
③ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1963, p.XI.
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.4.
② Report from Secretary of the Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, March 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 3.
① Report from Secretary of the Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, March 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 3.
② Memorandum from Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy, Washington, July 28, 1961 , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 4.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 5.
④ Summary Minutes of Meeting of the Interdepartmental Committee of Under Secretaries on Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, October 4, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 6.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, March 12, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 8.
① Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.5.
② The Economic Report of the President, January 1962, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.10.
③ Memorandum from Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury to President Kenndey, Washington, April 9, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 9.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 10.
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 13.
① National Security Action Memorandum No. 171, Washington, July 16, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 14.
② National Security Action Memorandum No. 171, Washington, July 16, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 14.
③ Memorandum from the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Johnson) to the Under Secretary of State (Ball) , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 15.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No. 225, Washington, February 27, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 21.
⑤ Memorandum from President Kennedy to the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, March 2, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 22.
⑥ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
① Letter from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 30.
② Letter from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 31.
③ Memorandum from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 32.
④ Memorandum from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 32.
⑤ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 12, 1963. , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 33.
① Memorandum from Secretary of Defense McNamara to President Kennedy, Washington, July 16, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 28.
② Draft Memorandum from Secretary of Defense McNamara to President Kennedy, Washington, September 19, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 36.
③ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 23, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 37.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No.270, Washington, October 29, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 38.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, December 2, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 39.
① John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.28.
② Arthur M. Schlesinger: A Thousand Days-John Kennedy in the White House, Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1965, p.601.
① Summary Notes of the 546th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, February 7, 1965, 8-9:45 a.m. , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.II, Vietnam, January-June 1965, Document 80.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.II, Vietnam, January-June 1965, Document 175.
① Intelligence Memorandum, OCI No. 0341/65, Washington, February 1, 1965 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.II, Vietnam, January-June 1965, Document 55.
② Message from the President to the Ambassador in Vietnam (Lodge), Washington, April 28, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.I, Vietnam, 1964, Document 129.
① Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2004, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2003, available at: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/usbudget/issue/(下载时间 2006 年 5 月)
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Defense Department Cost Reduction Week Ceremony, July 21st, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment- A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982, p.237.
③ Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, April, 1967, 9:14 p.m. , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XVIII, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1964-1967, Document 402.
④ Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, May 17, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 7.
⑤ Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Israel, Washington, May 17, 1967, 7 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968,vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 8.
① Telegram from the Embassy in Israel to the Department of State, May 18, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 13.
② Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, May 18, 1967, 9:39 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 16.
③ Information Memorandum from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organzation Affairs (Propper) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, May 19, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 19.
④ Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, May 19, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 20. ⑤Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President on Rising Tensions in the Near East, May 23rd, 1967, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑥ Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, May 26, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 77.
⑦ Telegram from the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, Washington, May 27, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 8.
⑧ Letter from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, May 27, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 84.
① Diplomatic Note from the Israeli Ambassador (Harman) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, May 30, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 102.
② Letter from President Johnson to Prime Minister Eshkol, Washington, May 30, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 139.
③ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, November 17, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 149.
④ Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 156.
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 155.
⑥ Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 159.
⑦ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 164.
① Minutes of the Tenth Meeting of the Middle East Control Group, Washington, June 5, 1967, 5 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 165.
② Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, June 5, 1967, 5:45 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 166.
③ President’s daily Brief, Washington, June 8, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 202.
④ Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, Moscow, June 10, 1967, 8:48 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 243.
⑤ Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, Washington, June 10, 1967, 9:39 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 246.
⑥ Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, Moscow, June 10, 1967, 9:44 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 247.
⑦ Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, Washington, June 10, 1967, 10:58 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX,Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 246.
① Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, Moscow, June 10, 1967, 11:31 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 254.
② Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, Washington, June 10, 1967, 11:58 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 255.
③ United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, New York, November 22, 1967 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 542.
④ Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2004, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2003, available at: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/usbudget/issue/(下载时间 2006 年 5 月)
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Defense Department Cost Reduction Week Ceremony, July 21st, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② National Intelligence Estimate, NIE 11-3-65, Washington, November 18, 1965 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 106.
③ Memorandum from Spurgeon Keeny of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Special Assistant for National Affairs (Bundy) Washington, December 10, 1965 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 107.
① Memorandum from the President’s Specil Assistant for Science and Technology (Hornig) to the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow), Washington, December 10, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 156.
② Memorandum from the Deputy Secretary of Defense (Vance) to President Johnson, Washington, December 10, 1966 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 155.
③ Memorandum from the Deputy Secretary of Defense (Vance) to President Johnson, Washington, December 10, 1966 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 155.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIV, Soviet Union, Document 274.
① Memorandum from the Ambassador at Large (Thompson) to the Acting Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Fisher), Washington, November 28, 1964 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XI, Arms Control and Disarmament, Document 52.
② Report by the Committee on Nuclear Proliferation, Washington, January 21, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XI, Arms Control and Disarmament, Document 64.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XI, Arms Control and Disarmament, Document 250.
④ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Signing of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, July 1st, 1968, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President on the Need for a Treaty Governing Exploration of Celestial Dodies, May 7th, 1966, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Signing of the Treaty on Outer Space. January 27, 1967, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1969, pp.298-299.
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.11.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 8th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
④ Lyndon B. Johnson, Letter to the Chairman, House Ways and Means Committee, Endorsing the Interest Equalization Tax on Foreign Securities, February 25th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年5 月).
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 12.
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Executive Order 11175-Exclusion for Original or New Canadian Issues as Required for International Monetary Stability, September 2th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5月).
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Dillon to President Johnson, Washington, January 15, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 41.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Executive Order 11198-Imposition of Interest Equalization Tax on Certain Commercial Bank Loans, February 10th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Memorandum from Acting Secretary of the Treasury Deming to President Johnson, Washington, February 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 43.
② Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
③ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
④ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, December 26, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 82.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, May 10, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 94.
⑥ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, November 8, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 105.
① Memorandum from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payment to President Johnson, Washington, December 6, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, January 13, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 114.
③ Current Economic Development, Issue No. 772, Washington, January 31, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 117.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 135.
⑤ Richard Nixon, Statement on the Balance of Payments, April 4th, 1969, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑥ Memorandum by the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers (Ackley), Washington, January 11, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 27.
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on International Balance of Payments, February 10th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② Memorandum from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury Deming to President Johnson, Washington, February 12, 1965,FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 43.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks to Business and Banking Leaders on the Balance of Payments Problem, February 18th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Paper Prepared in the Department of Commerce, Washington, February 18, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 45.
② Minutes of Meeting of the Balance of Payments Advisory Committee, Washington, February 26, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 46.
③ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Dillon to President Johnson, Washington, March 27, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 56.
④ Letter from Secretary of Commerce Connor to President Johnson, Washington, April 28, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 59.
① Report from the Voluntary Cooperation Program Coordinating Group to the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, May 26, 1965. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 60.
② Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
③ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
① Memorandum from Secretary of Commerce Connor to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) Washington, September 21, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 69.
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, April 28, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 76.
③ Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, November 24, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 81.
④ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to the President Johnson, Washington, November 26, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 82.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, March 25, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 88.
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, April 23, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 90.
③ Minutes of Meeting, Washington, May 4, 1966, 11:30 a.m, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 93.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, November 8, 1966, 11:30 a.m.. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 105.
⑤ Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on the Balance of Payments, Washington, December 5, 1966, 3 p.m.. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 106.
① Memorandum from the Cabinet Committee on Balanceof Payments to President Johnson, Washington, December 6, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
② Editorial Note FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 110.
③ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, August 8, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 137.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, August 8, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 137.
⑤ Letter from the President of General Electric Company (Borch) to Secretary of Commerce Trowbridge, New York, September 14, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 137.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, December, 1967, 4 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 161.
② The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1966, p.301.
③ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 20, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 68.
④ Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, October 1, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 72.
⑤ Memorandum fromSecretary of the Treasury fowler to President Johnson, Washington, October 22, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 76.
⑥ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy,New York University Press, 1975, p.150.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, December 21, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 161.
② Telegram from the President’s Special Assistant (Califano) to President Johnson, Washington, December 23, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 163.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President Outlining a Program of Action to Deal with the Balance of PaymentsProblem, January 1st, 1968, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Memorandum from the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Rostow) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, January 8, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 175.
② John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.2.
① [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 118 页。
② Telegram from the Embassy in France to the Department of State, Paris, June 16, 7 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 9.
③ Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
④ Action Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Johnson) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, March 11, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 49.
⑤ Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington,November 25, 1964. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
① Telegram from the Embassy in France to the Department of State, Paris, June 16, 7 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 9.
② Briefing Paper Prepared by the Department and the Department of the Treasury, Washington, December 4, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 19.
③ Letter from Secretary of th Treasury Fowler to the German Minister of Finance (Schiller), Washington, April 6, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 119.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 36.
② Memorandum from the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs (Deming) to John J. McCloy, Washington, May 17, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 124, Footnote 7.
③ Memorandum from the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs (Deming) to John J. McCloy, Washington, May 17, 1967,. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 124.
④ Current Economic Development, Issue No. 779, Washington, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 122.
⑤ Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, June 19, 1967, 2:30 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetaryand Trade Policy, Document 129.
① Memorandum for the Files, Washington, July 10, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 133.
② Current Economic Development, Issue No. 785, Washington, August 2, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 136.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 141.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, October 6, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 145.
⑤ [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 82 页。
⑥ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 191.
① Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, April 2, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 194.
② The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1971, pp.149-150.
③ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.12.
① Memorandum from Francis M. Bator of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy), Washington, June 8, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 238.
② Summary of Discussion, Washington, June 13, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 239.
③ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the United Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, July 14, 1964, 8 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 243.
④ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the United Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, July 14, 1964, 8 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 243.
⑤ Lyndon B. Johnson, President Statement No. 8 on Economic Issues: Expanding World Trade, October 29th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Telegram from the Mission to the European Communities to the Department of State, Brussels, November 3, 1964, 4 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 261.
② Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, November 13, 1964, 10:30 a.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 264.
③ Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) and Francis M. Bator of the National Security Council Staff to President Johnson, Washington, December 16, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 268.
④ Memorandum from the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Herter) to President Johnson, Washington, January 19, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 272.
⑤ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1965, p.113.
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on Agriculture, February 4th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on Agriculture, February 4th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, February 9, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 276.
④ Letter from the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations’ Executive Assistant (Auchincloss) to the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Herter), Washington, March 8, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 278.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of Agriculture Freeman to President Johnson, Washington, August 9, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 288.
① Memorandum from Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Herter) to President Johnson, Washington, August 9, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 289.
② Letter from Director-General of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade Wyndham White to Participation Governments in the Kennedy Round, Geneva, January 3, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 302.
③ Memorandum of Conversation between U.S. and EEC Officials, Brussels, January 11, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 304.
④ Report by the Chairman of the Trade Negotiations Committee (Wyndham White) to the 23d Session of the GATT Contracting Parties, Geneva, March 30, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 308.
① Statement by the Deputy Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Blumenthal), Geneva, Sepetmber 14, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 320.
② Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the United Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, September 23, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 322.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 323.
④ Circular Airgram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, October 12, 1966, 2:18 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 325.
① Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, April 28, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 344.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, May 1, 1967, 10:15 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 346.
③ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the Unied Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 349.
④ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the Unied Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 349.
⑤ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the Unied Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 349, footnote 3.
⑥ Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, May 10, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 351.
① Memorandum from the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs’ Special Assistant (Enders) to Secretary of State Rusk, May 16, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 361.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, May 15, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 360.
③ Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1964. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
① Http://www.bea.go/international /index.htm and Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Proclamation 3607- See the United States in 1964 and 1965 , August 15th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, The President’s News Conference of August August 15th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
④ Memorandum from the Acting Director of the U.S. Travel Service (Black) to Secrtary of Commerce Connor, Washington, January 21, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 30.
① Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 33.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on International Balance of Payments, February 10th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
④ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks to the Members of the See the U.S.A. Committee, August 11th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑤ Lyndon B. Johnson, Memorandum on Balance of Payments and Federal Expenditures Overseas, March 8th, 1966, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑥ Http://www.bea.gov/international /index.htm. (下载时间:2007 年 5 月)
① Department of the Treasury Memorandum, Washington, March 18, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 87.
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, April 23, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 90.
③ Memorandum from Vice President Humphrey to Secretary of the Treasury Fowler, Washington, April 29, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 92.
① Minutes of Meeting, Washington, May 4, 1966, 11:30 a.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 93.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, May 11, 1966, 5:45 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 95.
③ Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, May 18, 1966, 7:52 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 97.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, November 8, 1966, 11:30 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 105.
⑤ Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on the Balance of Payments, Washington, December 5, 1966, 3 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 106.
⑥ Memorandum from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, December 6, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, January 4, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, Vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
② Memorandum from the Under Secretary of State for Polictical Affairs to President Johnson, Washington, January 10, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 112.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Message to the Congress: The Economic Report of the President, January 26th, 1967, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
④ Telegram from the President’s Special Assistant (Califano) to to President Johnson, Washington, December 22, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 162.
① Telegram from the President’s Special Assistant (Califano) to to President Johnson, Washington, December 23, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 163.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President Outlining a Program of Action to Deal with the Balance of Payments Problem, January 1st, 1968, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Current Economic Developments, Washington, February 27, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 182.
① Current Economic Developments, Washington, April 23, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 197.
② Http://www.bea.gov/international /index.htm.
① Available at http://www.osec.doc.gov/(下载时间:2007 年 1 月).
① Available at http://www.osec.doc.gov/(下载时间:2007 年 1 月)。
① Jonathan Alan Lee, The Strength of the Currency: the Multinationalization of American Business, the Balance of Payments Problem, and United States Foreign Economic Policy in the 1960’s, The University of Texas at Austin, 1996, p.457.
② Http://www.bea.go/international /index.htm(下载时间:2007 年 1 月).
① John F. Kennedy, Annual Budget Message to the Congress, Fiscal Year 1964, January 17th, 1963, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Budget Message to the Congress, Fiscal Year 1965, January 21st, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Annual Budget of the Government of U.S.by the Ending of 2004, Historial tables, p.52, available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2004(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.601.
② Memorandum from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, Vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 32.
① http://www.safe.gov.cn/model_safe/tjsj/tjsj(下载时间 2008 年 1 月).
② http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter(下载时间 2008 年 1 月)
③ 2005 年中国国际收支报告,available at http://www.safe.gov.cn/model_safe/tjsj(下载时间 2008 年 1 月).
① http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/
② 2008 年 3 月 18 日温家宝总理新闻发布会。
解密文件参考系统,Declassified Documents Reference System, Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group, (简称“DDRS”),是美国 Gale 公司开发的数据库,涵盖来自白宫、中央情报局、联邦调查局、国务院等处大量解密外交文件。)
EBSCOhost 系列数据库,该数据库是当今世界上最大的多学科学术期刊全文数据库。
学术研究图书馆,Academic Research Library,本数据库为综合性学术期刊数据库。
哥伦比亚国际事务在线,Columbia International Affairs Online( 简称“CIAO”)数据库,其内容包括有国际政治、国际关系等方面的电子图书、期刊、研究报告和个案研究的全文本。
PQDD 博硕士论文数据库,Proquest Digital Dissertations(简称“PQDD”),是世界著名的学位论文数据库,收录有欧美上千所大学文、理、工、农、医等领域的博士、硕士学位论文。
(1)《美国对外关系文件》(Foreign Relations of the United States) Department of State of America, FRUS 1969-1976, vol.III, Foreign Economic Policy; International Monetary Policy. (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/, 2005 年 1 月)
FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, Interantional Monetary and Trade Policy (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/, 2005 年 1 月)
FRUS 1961-1963, vol.IX, Foreign Economic Policy (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/, 2005 年 1 月)
杜鲁门图书馆: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/av-photo.htm
艾森豪威尔图书馆: http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/
肯尼迪图书馆: http://www.jfklibrary.org/
约翰逊图书馆: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/
尼克松图书馆: http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.shtml
联邦储备银行经济研究档案系统:http://www.fraser.stlouisfed.org ( Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis-Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research).
经济政策协会: http://www.epinet.org ( Economic Policy Institute).
商务部经济分析局:http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce ).
国际货币基金组织: http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm (International Monetary Fund).
美国商务部: http://www.commerce.gov (Department of Commerce of U.S.).
美国科学家联盟(FAS):http://fas.org/spp/civil/russia/pol_docs.htm,几乎可以找到美国历届政府全部解密的总统指令文件。
美国伍德罗·威尔逊冷战史研究中心(Cold War International History Project):http://wwics.si.edu/index,
(1)《美国对外关系文件》(Foreign Relations of the United States, 简称 FRUS)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy (1992)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol. I, Vietnam (1986)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol. II, United Nations; General International Matters (1991)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol. III, National Security Policy (1996)
FRUS 1955-1957, vol.V, The Austrian State Treaty; The Summit Conference, 1955; The Foreign Ministers Meeting, 1955 (1989)
FRUS 1955-1957, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy (1987)
FRUS 1955-1957, vol.X, Foreign Aid and Economic Defense Policy (1989)
FRUS 1952-1954, vol.I, General and Political Matters (1984)
FRUS 1952-1954, vol. II, National Security Affairs (1984)
FRUS 1950, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1975)
FRUS 1950, vol. VII, Korea (1976)
FRUS 1949, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1975)
FRUS 1948, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1975)
FRUS 1947, vol.I, Foreign Economic and Commercial Policy (1973)
FRUS 1946, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1972)
FRUS 1945, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1967)
FRUS 1944, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1966)
FRUS 1943, vol. I, General (1963)
FRUS 1942, vol. I, General, The British Commonwealth, The Far East (1960)
(2)《美国总统公开文件集》(Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States)
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, United States Government Printing Office, available at http://www.presidency. ucsb.edu/ws/.该网提供从 1789 年到 2005 年,美国历届总统的国情咨文、预算
报告、就职演说、新闻发布等公开文件的全文本。
(3)《美国外交政策当前文件》(American Foreign Policy Current Documents)
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[1]〔美〕雷蒙德·加特霍夫著,伍牛、王薇译:《冷战史:遏制与共存备忘录》,北京:新华出版社,2003.
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[13]〔美〕杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989.
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[1]许宪春主编.《中国国际收支统计框架》,北京:中国统计出版社,2007.
[2]王光伟编著.《国际收支与汇率金融学》,南京:东南大学出版社,2007.
[3]国家外汇管理局国际收支分析小组编.《中国国际收支报告.2006》,北京:中国金融出版社,2007.
[4]柴青山.《外汇管理与宏观经济》,北京:经济管理出版社,2006.
[5]崔丕.《美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会》,北京:中华书局,2005.
[6]王潼.《中国国际收支》,北京:中国经济出版社,2004.
[7]凌江怀.《货币金融学》,北京:中国经济出版社,2003.
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[15]孙杰编著.《汇率与国际收支》,北京:经济科学出版社,1999.
[16]师玉兴.《国际收支理论与实践》,北京:对外经济贸易大学出版社,1999.
[17]唐思宁,洪志华主编.《中国国际收支若干问题的理论分析与实际考察》,北京:企业管理出版社,1999.
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[33]中国大百科全书军事卷编审室编《.中国大百科全书(军事卷)》,《导弹、核武器和军事航天分册》,北京:军事科学出版社,1987.
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[1]潘一宁. “约翰逊政府与美国的越南战争困境(1967-1968)”,《东南亚研究》,2007.6.
[2]王新谦.“从马歇尔计划看美国的实用主义本质”,《河南大学学报》,2006.3.
[3]赵学功.“核武器与美苏冷战”,《浙江学刊》,2006.3.
[4]景晓强.“越南战争中的美苏互动(1964-1968)”,《西华师范大学学报》,2006.3.
[5]金海.“从马歇尔计划看战后初期美国对欧政策的演变”,《历史教学问题》,2005.5.
[6]崔丕.“艾森豪威尔政府对联邦德国政策新探”,《欧洲研究》,2005.2.
[7]陈志昂.“经济全球化与新特里芬悖论”,《经济理论与经济管理》,2005.1.
[8]邹振宁,周芸.“太空战管窥”,《国际太空》2004.5.
[9]张熠.“从第三次中东战争看美国中东政策的调整”,《阿拉伯世界》,2004.5.
[10]李莉.“试析马歇尔计划的背景、原因及其实质”,《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》,2004.4.
[11]黄素庵.“崛起与升值”,《国际市场》,2004.3.
[12]潘锐.“冷战时期美国外交战略研究——从杜鲁门主义到里根主义”,《国际商务研究》,2004.2.
[13]刘会清.“美国对外援助政策及其人会取向”,《内蒙古民族大学学报》,2003.6.
[14]夏立平.“外层空间军备控制的进展与障碍”,《当代亚太》2002.6.
[15]崔丕.“美国《共同防卫援助统制法(1951)》的形成及其影响”,《历史研究》,2002.3.
[16]李明武.“美国贸易逆差的真正原因探析”,《经济师》,2002.2.
[17]王俊周.“二战后美国在金融领域强权政治”,《西安联合大学学报》,2002.1.
[18]隋先辉.“21 世纪的太空武器”,《中国航天》2001.5.
[19]陆钢.“战后金融外交与美国金融霸权”,《华东师范大学学报》,2000.9.
[20]岳劲松.“试论马歇尔计划的实施对战后欧洲发展的影响”,《伊犁教育学院学报》,2000.9.
[21]方文.“美国国际收支调节机制及其启示”,《中国外汇管理》,1999.11.
[22]邹三明.“布雷顿森林体系的国际影响”,《世界经济与政治》,1999.10.
[23]林茹.“论战后美国对外贸易政策的演变与特点”,《国际经贸探索》,1995.2.
② 王立彦:《官方统计与国际比较统计》,北京:北京大学出版社,1994 年,第 114 页。
③ 国际货币金融组织编,罗平译:《国际收支手册》,第五版,北京:中国金融出版社,1994 年,第 6 页。
① 凌江怀:《货币金融学》,北京:中国经济出版社,2002 年,第 310-312 页。
② 刘颖:《西方经济学》,北京:兵器工业出版社,2001 年,第 419-420 页。
① 何国华:《国际收支调节论》,武汉:湖北人民出版社,2002 年,第 20 页。
② Hal. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.23.
① 朱月煌,郭立宏:《经济政策比较研究》,西安:西北大学出版社,1993 年,第 184 页。
② Financial deterrence, 即美国可以利用其中心货币国地位优势进行一些具体问题的处理,如它可以选择终止以美元兑换黄金,或调整黄金价格等手段迫使其他国家合作,详情参见 C. Fred. Bergsten, The Dilemmas of the Dollar:The Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.267.
① Available at http://www.fraser.stlouisfed.org .( Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis-Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research,下载时间:2007 年 9 月)
② Avilable at http://www.epinet.org (Economic Policy Institute,下载时间:2007 年 9 月)
③ Avilable at http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce 下载时间:2007 年 9 月)
① Department of State, American Foreign Policy: Current Document, Government Printing Office, 1954.
② The Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development, The International Position of the Dollar, a Statement on National Policy, May 1961, Library of Congress, Catalog Card No. 61-14119.
③ Walter S. Salant, The United States Balance of Payments in 1968, The Brookings Institution, Washington, D. C ., 1963.
④ Host Mendershausen, Troop Stationing in Germany: Value and Cost, Rand Corporation, 1968.
① Hal B. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.,1963.
② James P. Hawley, Dollar﹠Borders, U.S. Government Attempts to Restrict Capital Flows, 1960-1980, M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 1987.
③ Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961.
④ Robert L. Slighton, David S. C. Chu and Richard V. L. Cooper, The Effect of Untied Development Loans on the U.S. Balance of Payments, The Rand Corporation, 1972.
⑤ John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, New York & London, Garland Publishing, Inc., 1988.
① Martin F. J. Prachowny, A Structural Model of the U.S. Balance of Payments, North-Holland Pub.Co., 1969.
② Howard Samuel Piquet, The U.S. Balance of Payments and International Monetary Reserves, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1966.
③ William H. Branson, Financial Capital Flows in the U.S. Balance of Payments, North- Holland Pub. Co, 1968.
④ Wilson E. Schimidt, The U.S. Balance of Payments and the Sinking Dollar, New York University Press, 1979.
⑤ Raymond Frech Mikesell, The U.S. Balance of Payments and the International Role of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1970.
⑥ Jonathan Alan Lee, The Strength of American Business, The Balance of Payments Problems, And United States Foreign Economic Policy in the 1960’s, The University of Texas at Austin, 1996. UMI Number: 9719414.
⑦ Fred L. Block, The Origins of International Economics Disorder: A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977.
⑧ Milton Friedman, Dollars and Deficits, Inflation, Monetary Policy and the Balance of Payments, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliff, N.J., 1968.
⑨ Seymour E. Harris, The Dollar in Crisis, Harcourt, Brace & World, Inc. 1961.
① Wilson E. Schimidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Research, 1963.
② C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of The Dollar- The Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975.
① Gregory F. Treverton, The Dollar Drain and American Forces in Germany: Managing the Political Economics of Alliance, Ohio University Press, 1978.
① Francis James Gavin, Defending Europe and the Dollar: the Politics of the U.S. Balance of Payments, 1958-1960, University of Pennsylvania, 1997, UMI Number: ATT9800864.
① Kunzle Diane, Lyndon Johnson’s Dollar Diplomacy, History Today, April 1992,EBSCO, 00182753.
② Francis J.Gavin, The Gold Battles within the Cold War: American Monetary Policy and the Defense of Europe, 1960-1963, Diplomatic History, Vol.26, No.1 (Winter 2002).
① 薛伯英、曲恒昌:《美国经济的兴衰》,长沙:湖南人民出版社,1988 年。
② 陈宝森:《美国经济与政府政策――从罗斯福到里根》,北京:世界知识出版社,1988 年。
③ 张敏谦:《美国对外经济战略》,北京:世界知识出版社,2001 年。
④ 张学赋:《经济外交》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003 年。
⑤ 黄素庵:《美元贬值与美国经济实力相对衰落》,《国际问题研究》,1995 年第 3 期,第 37-40 页。
⑥ 方文:《美国国际收支调节机制及其启示》,《中国外汇管理》,1999 年第 11 期,第 32-33 页。
⑦ 李明武:《透析美国的贸易逆差》,《景德镇高专学报》,2000 年第 3 期,第 54-56 页。
⑧ 李明武:《美国贸易逆差的真正原因探析》,《经济师》,2002 年第 4 期,第 86-87。
⑨ 管涛:《评美元贬值对纠正美国经常项目赤字的作用》,《南方金融》,2004 年第 4 期,第 7-11 页。
⑩ 杨权:《贸易逆差、资本净流入与美元霸权的困境》,《对外贸易实务》,2005 年第 3 期,第 30-33 页。 11 崔丕:《美国美元防卫政策的演变》,崔丕主编《冷战时期美国对外政策史探微》,中华书局,2002 年,第 417-440页。
① 苏联科学院美国加拿大研究所编,徐更生、秦国强、程天宝译:《美国对外经济战略》,生活·读书·新知三联出版社,1982 年,第 1 页。
① The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947, p.41, available at http://www.fraser.stlouisfed.org (下载时间 2006 年 9 月,下文简称为 The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947, p.41).
② Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder:A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.33.
③ U.S. Treasury, Articales of Agreement of International Monetary Fund and International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference, Bretton Woods, N.H., July 1 to 22, 1944, avialble at: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/docs/historical/17_07_19440701.pdf.
④ 张学赋:《经济外交》,北京:北京大学出版社,2003 年,第 41 页。
① The Secretary of the Treasury (Morgenthau) to the Secrtary of State, Washington, May 20, 1942, Foreign Relations of the United States (hereafter cited as FRUS), 1942, vol. I, General, The British Commonwealth, The Far East, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, p.172.
② 详情见:The Secretary of the Treasury (Morgenthau) to the Secrtary of State, Washington, May 20, 1942, Subenclosure 2: ‘Preliminary Draft Proposal for United Nations Stabilization Fund and a Bank for Reconstruction and Development of the United and Associated Nations, Prepared by Mr. Harry Dexter White, Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury, April 1942, FRUS 1942, vol. I, General, The British Commonwealth, The Far East, pp.178-190.
③ [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 42 页。
① 详情见:Text of the Draft Directive or Statement of General Principles FRUS 1943, vol. I, General, pp.1084-1890.
② 该比价为 1944 年 7 月 1 日黄金与美元的比价,即 35 美元兑换一盎司黄金,这一价格是 1934 年 1 月 30 日罗斯福总统签署的《1934 年黄金储备法》确定的美元黄金比价。
③ John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.14.
④ Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.2.
⑤ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.4.
① [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶:《世界货币秩序问题》,第 109-110 页。
② 特里芬难题的基本观点是在可预见的将来,黄金的生产无法满足世界经济增长的需要,随着时间的推移,以任意积累某一国家货币作为储备资产的补充对该国来说会越来越危险,最终将损害为此目的的中心货币,结果,也会威胁建立于这一货币基础之上的世界货币体系。详情见 Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961.
③ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.4.
④ [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶:《世界秩序问题》,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989 年,第110 页。
① 郭建平、岳占菊:《试论冷战起源的几个因素》,《东方论坛》,2005 年第 1 期,第 101 页。
② 《租借法案》,英文表达为 Lend and Lease Bill,1941 年 3 月 11 日,美国参、众两院通过的《租借法案》经罗斯福总统签署,于次日生效。该法案授权总统以出售、转让、租借等形式向对美国安全具有重要意义的国家提供武器、粮食等军需物资。《租借法案》是美国由孤立主义走向参战的重要步骤。美国依据该法向盟国提供了 500 多亿美元的物资,为反法西斯战争的胜利提供了重要的保证。《租借法案》是美国历史上重要的对外援助法案,同时,该法也是美国平衡当时世界政治经济力量的手段,在与英国展开租借协议的谈判时美国要求英国放开帝国市场,为美国商品赢得更多的海外市场,在与英国就战后货币金融秩序的谈判时,美国以停止《租借法案》逼英国就范。1945年 9 月 2 日,杜鲁门总统宣布中止《租借法案》。
③ 张敏谦:《美国对外经济战略》,北京:世界知识出版社,2001 年,第 69-70 页。
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1950, p.149.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1947, p.17.
③ Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.33.
①〔美〕赫伯特·斯坦著,刘景竹译:《总统经济学――从罗斯福到里根以及未来总统经济政策的制定》,北京:中国计划出版社,1989 年,第 59-60 页。
② C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.155.
③ Memorandum by the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan), Foreign Relations Of the United States 1947 (hereafter cited as FRUS), vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.220.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1947, p21.
⑤ 张敏谦:《美国对外经济战略》,北京:世界知识出版社,2001 年,第 69 页。
① Memorandum by the Under Secretary of the State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Foreign Relations Of the United States 1947, (hereafter cited as FRUS), vol. III, the Marshall Plan, Washington D.C.: Government Printing Office, p.230.
② Summary of Discussion on Problems of Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Europe, May 29, 1947, FRUS 1947 vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.234.
③ The Economic Report of the President, January 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949, p.132.
④ Summary of Discussion on Problems of Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction of Europe, May 29, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.234.
⑤ Memorandum by the Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) , FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.231.
⑥ Report of the Special ‘Ad Hoc’ Committee of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, April 21, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.209.
⑦ Memorandum by Mr. Sherman S. Sheppard of the Bureau of the Budget to the Director of the Bureau (Webb), Washington,April 7,1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.199.
① Report of the Special ‘Ad Hoc’ Committee of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, Washington, April 21, 1947 FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.211.
② Harry S. Truman, Special Message to the Congress on the Marshall Plan, December 19th, 1947, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index..
③ The British Embassy to the Department of State, FRUS 1947, Vol.V, the Near East and Africa, pp.32-37.
④ Harry S. Truman, Special Message to the Congress on the Marshall Plan, December 19th, 1947, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
⑤ Report of the Special ‘Ad Hoc’ Committee of the State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee, April 21, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.204-219.
① The Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan) to the Under Secretary of State (Acheson), Washington, May 23, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.223-230.
② Memorandum from the Executie Secretary of the Policy Planning Staff ( Savage) to the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Kennan), Washington, June 3, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.236-237.
① Press Release Issued by the Department of State, June 4, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.237-239.
② The Assistant Chief of the Division of Commerical Policy (Moore) to the Director of the Office of International Trade Policy (Wilcox) at Geneva, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.239.
③ Memorandum Prepared for the Use of the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Washington, June 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.247-249.
④ Memorandum of Conversation, by the Secretary of State, Washington, June 13, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.251-252.
⑤ The British Ambassador (Inverchapel) to the Secretary of State, Washington, June 14, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, pp.253-254.
⑥ The Italian Ambassador (Tarchiani) to the Secretary of State , Washington, June 16, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.254.
① The Secretary of the State to President Truman, Washington, September 24, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. III, the Marshall Plan, p.439.
② 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 86 页。
③ Harry S. Truman, Special Message to the Congress on the Marshall Plan. December 19th, 1947, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.(下载时间 2006 年 5 月)
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949. p.25.
⑤ The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.56.
⑥ 丹尼尔·布尔斯廷:《美国人民主历程》,美国驻华大使馆新闻文化处,1988,第 650 页。
⑦ 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 88 页。
① Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.89.
② 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 88 页。
③ Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.88.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947. p.30.
⑤ The Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Mission Located in Washington, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, pp.1261-1262.
① The Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Mission Located in Washington, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.1262.
② The Australia Minister (Eggleston) to Acting Secretary of State (Grew), Washington, January 30, 1945, FRUS 1945, vol. II, General: Political and Economic Matters, p.1328-1330.
③ The Secretary of State to the Australia Minister (Eggleston), Washington, March 13, 1945, FRUS 1945, vol. II, General: Political and Economic Matters, p.1333.
④ Memorandum from the Department of State to the Belgian Embassy, FRUS 1945, vol. II, General: Political and Economic Matters, p.1335.
⑤ Memorandum Prepared in the Division of Commercial Policy, FRUS 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, pp. 1280-1290.
⑥ Memorandum by the Deputy Director of the Office of International Trade Policy (Nitze) to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Washington, December 5, 1946, FRUS, 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p. 1357.
① Memorandum by the Deputy Director of the Office of International Trade Policy (Nitze) to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton), Washington, December 5, 1946, FRUS, 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p. 1357.
② Memorandum of Conversation, by the Chief of the Division of Commercial Policy (Brown), Washington, April 3,, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.914.
③ The Consul in Geneva (Troutman) to the Secretary of State, Washington, April 28, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.918.
④ The Consul at Geneva (Troutman) to the secretary of State, Geneva, May 28, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.951.
⑤ Telegram from Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Clayton) to Representative Harold Cooley, Washington, May 22, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.949-950.
① Memorandum of Conversation, by the Assistant Chief of the Division of Commercial Policy (Beale), Geneva, May 8, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.929.
② Letter from Mr. Harold Wilson to Mr. Clair Wilcox, Geneva, May 21, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.947.
③ Memorandum by the Chairman of the Committee on Trade Agreements (Brown) to President Truman, Geneva, October 17, 1947, FRUS 1947, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.1018.
④ Memorandum by the Department of State to President Truman, Washington, FRUS, 1946, vol. I, General; The United Nations, p.1352-1353.
⑤ The Economic Report of the President, 1947, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1947. p.30.
⑥ The Economic Report of the President, 1948, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1948. p.88.
⑦ The Economic Report of the President, 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1949. p.13.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1949, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1971. p.299.
② 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 113 页。
③ 资中筠主编:《战后美国外交史》,上卷,北京:世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 115 页。
① Harry S. Truman, Inaugural Address, January 20th, 1949, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws (下载时间 2006年 5 月) .
① The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1949 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July 1949,p.13.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.124.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.125.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.184,1950, p.209.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950 , United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, pp.183-185.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.157.
② The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.68.
③ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.6.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.12.
⑤ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1951, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1951, p.198.
⑥ The Economic Report of the President, 1952, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.86.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1952, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.30.
② The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.20.
③ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.66.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.141.
⑤ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1952, p.67.
⑥ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.46.
⑦ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.47.
⑧ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.146.
⑨ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.120.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1954, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.222.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.209.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.146.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.146.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.147.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.52.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, pp.56-57.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.58.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950, p.58.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950. p58.
② The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July, 1950. p.150.
③ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July,1950. p85.
④ The Midyear Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, July,1950, p.87.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1954, p.46.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.135.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.135.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953. p136.
⑤ 崔丕,《美国的冷战战略与巴黎统筹委员会、中国委员会 1945-1994》,长春:东北师范大学出版社,2005 年,第8 页。
① Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2898.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Economic Policy, March 30th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
② Memorandum by the Assistant Secretary for Economic Affairs(Thorp) to the Under Secretary (Bruce), May 2, 1952,FRUS1952-1954,vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, United States Government Printing Office, 1983, p234.
③ Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Economic Policy, March 30th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Economic Policy, March 30th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1953, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1953, p.138.
③ Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2948.
④ The Economic Report of the President, 1956, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1956,p.88.
⑤ 详情见 Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2953-3014.
⑥ 详情见 Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.3014-3022.
⑦ 详情见 Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1956, Foreign Economic Policies, 1959, p.1198-1201.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, Executive Order 10582—Prescribing Uniform Procedures for Certain Determinations under the Buy-American Act, December 17th, 1954, available at: http://www.presidency.edu/ws/.
② Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1950-1955, Foreign Economic Policies, 1957, p.2941.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1950, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1950,p.15.
② The Economic Report of the President, 1955, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1955, pp.53-54.
③ Memorandum by the Assistant Chief for Private Investment, Monetary Affairs Staff (Robinson) to the Director of the Office of Financial and Development Policy(Corbett), June 11, 1952, FRUS1952-1954, vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, p.255.
④ Telegram the United States Representive at the United Nation to the Department of State, October 8, 1954,FRUS1952-1954,vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, p.275.
⑤ Minutes of the 218th Meeting of the National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems, Held at Washington, Novermber 3, 1954, FRUS1952-1954, vol.VI, General: Economic and Political Matters Part 2, p.305.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1958, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1958. p194. The Economic Report of the President, 1959, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1959. p218.
② C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.155.
① [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 115 页。
② Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.142.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.205.
② 李明主编:《20 世纪化、生、核战争――被禁止的战争》,哈尔滨:黑龙江人民出版社,1994 年,第 251 页。
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.VIII, The Berlin Crisis, 1958-1959; Foreign Ministers Meeting, p.46.
④ Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, pp.329-331.
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.VIII, The Berlin Crisis, 1958-1959; Foreign Ministers Meeting, p.133.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.330.
② Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.339.
③ Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.446.
① Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.546.
② Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol. IX, The Berlin Crisis, 1959-1960; Germany; Austria, p.423.
③ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, Paris, May 15,1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol. IX, The Berlin Crisis, 1959-1960; Germany; Austria, pp.423-425.
④ Memorandum of Conversation, Paris May 15, 1960, 6 p.m., FRUS 1958-1960, vol. IX, The Berlin Crisis, 1959-1960; Germany; Austria, pp.426-428.
⑤ Dwight D. Eisenhower, The White House Years-Waging Peace, 1956-1961, Billing & Sons Limited, Guildford and London, 1966, p.554.
① Report to the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, March 6, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp. 9-12.
② Report to the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, March 6, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 12.
③ 吴武:《当代世界政治经济与国际关系新编》,西安:陕西人民出版社,1989 年,第 74 页。
④ 根据 The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1961, p.128 数据计算的结果。
① The Economic Report of the President, 1962, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.298.
② 孙执中:《荣衰论战后日本经济史:1945-2004》,北京:人民出版社,2006 年,第 47 页。
① 吴于廑、齐世荣:《世界史·现代史·下卷》,北京:高等教育出版社,1994 年,第 349-350 页。
② Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1958, Foreign Economic Policies, 1962, p.1483.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1961, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1961, p.210.
② Memorandum From the Representative at the UN (Lodge) to the President, February 21, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.414.
① The Economic Report of the President, 1962, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.295.
② The International Position of the Dollar, A statement on international policy by the research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, 1961, p.6.
① The International Position of the Dollar, A statement on international policy by the research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, 1961, p.33.
② C. Fred. Bergsten, The Dilemmas of the Dollar, The Economics and Politics of United states International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.79.
③ Hal. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963. p1.
① Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.140.
② The Research and Policy Committee of the Committee for Economic Development, The International Position of the Dollar, The Committee for Economic Development, 1961, p.20.
③ Hal. Lary. Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.20.
④ Memorandum from Henry C. Wallich of the Council of Economic Advisers to Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, March 10,1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.102.
⑤ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, p.148.
① Hal. Lary, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.7.
② Memorandum Prepared in the Department of the Treasury, October 30, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV,, Foreign Economic Policy, p.91.
③ Memorandum of Conversation between President Eisenhower and Secretary of State Dulles, November 4, 1958, 8:15 a.m., FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.35.
④ Memorandum from Henry C. Wallich of the Council of Economic Advisers to Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, March 10, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.102.
⑤ Memorandum from Henry C. Wallich of the Council of Economic Advisers to the Council, June 16, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.112.
① Memorandum of Conversation, June 4, 1959, June 4, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.45.
② Memorandum of Discussion at the 409th Meeting of the National Security Council, June 4, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.210-211.
③ Memorandum of Conversation, June 10, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.25.
④ Memorandum of Conversation, June 10, 1958, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.27.
⑤ Paper Prepared in the Department of State, July 24, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.115.
⑥ Paper Prepared in the Department of State, July 24, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.116.
⑦ Minutes of the Cabinet Meeting, August 7, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.51.
⑧ Minutes of the Cabinet Meeting, August 7, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.51.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.124.
② Minutes of the 95th Meeting of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, November 19, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.56.
③ Minutes of the 95th Meeting of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy, November 19, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.57.
④ Milton Friedman. Dollars and Deficits, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey, 1968, p.207.
① President Deight D. Eisenhower, Annual Budget Message to the Congress- Fiscal Year 1959, January 5, 1958,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
② Memorandum of Conversation, January 22, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.294.
① Memorandum for the record by the President’s Assistant( Harlow) January 30, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.412.
② President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, February 19, 1958,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
③ President Deight D. Eisenhower, Letter to William H. Draper, Jr., Regarding Study of the United States Military Assistance Program, November 24th, 1958,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
④ Memorandum from Director of the Bureau of the Budget Stans to the President’s Assistant (Persons) December 10, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.435.
⑤ Memorandum of Discussion at the 388th Meeting of the NSC, December 3, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.435.
⑥ Memorandum of Discussion at the 388th Meeting of the NSC, December 3, 1958,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.435.
① President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, March 13, 1959,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
② Memorandum from Acting Secretary of State Herter to President Eisenhower,March 19, 1959,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.449.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.451.
④ President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, March 13, 1959,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
⑤ Notes of the Legislative Leadership Meeting, April 22, 1959,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 452.
① Memorandum from the Deputy Coordinator of the Mutual Security Program (Bell) to Acting Secretary of State Dillion June 17, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 461.
② 这里的财政上有支付能力是根据纯粹的经济标准确定的,主要从国民生产总值、国际收支情况和预算有关,而与政治上的是否愿意无关。当时有这种财政能力的国家有英国、德国、奥地利、法国、比利时、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙和日本。
① Draft NSC Report, November 24, 1959 FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp. 467-468.
② Memoraudum of Discussion at the 427th Meeting of the NSC, December 3, 1959, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 473.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 63.
④ Memorandum of the Record by the President’s Deputy Assistant (Harlow), February 29, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 485.
⑤ President Deight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress on the Mutual Security Program, February 16th, 1960,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
⑥ Memoraudum of Discussion at the 435th Meeting of the National Security Council, February 18, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 496.
① Editorial Note,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p. 497.
② Memoraudum of Discussion at the 465th Meeting of the National Security Council, October 31, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 526.
③ Memoraudum of Discussion at the 465th Meeting of the National Security Council, October 31, 1960, FRUS1958-1960, vol.IV Foreign Economic Policy, p. 529.
① Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961, p.7.
② Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, Yale University Press, 1961, p.70.
③ Dwight D. Eisenhower, Special Message to the Congress Concerning the Administration’s Program to Promote the Growth of Export Trade, March 17th, 1960. available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.(下载时间:2006 年 4 月)
④ Department of State of U.S, American Foreign Policy Current Documents, 1959, Foreign Economic Policies, 1962, p.1477.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.126.
② Memorandum from Karl Brandt of the Council of the Economic Advisers to the President’s Special Assistant (Randall), September 21, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.65.
③ Memorandum for the Record by the President’s Assistant (Persons), October 25, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.128.
④ Memorandum for the Record by the President’s Assistant (Persons), October 25, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.129.
⑤ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 9, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.130.
⑥ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 9, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp.130-131.
⑦ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 15, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, ForeignEconomic Policy, p.134.
① Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 15, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.134.
② Editorial Note, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp.139-140.
③ American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1960, pp.786-792. 参见:Dwight D. Eisenhower, the President’s News Conference at Augusta, Geogia, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/ (下载时间 2006 年 8 月)
④ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 15, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, ForeignEconomic Policy, p. 137.
① Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.142.
② Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.143.
③ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.143.
④ Memorandum for the Record by Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, December 6, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.147.
① 方文:《美国国际收支调节机制及其启示》,《中国外汇管理》,1999 年第 11 期,第 33 页。
② Hal. Lary. Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963, p.7.
③ Francis J. Gavin, Gold, Dollars, and Power. The Uiniversity of North Carolina Press, 2004, p.45.
④ Francis J. Gavin, Gold, Dollars, and Power. The Uiniversity of North Carolina Press, 2004, p.45.
⑤ Memorandum for the Record by Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, December 6, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, p.149.
⑥ Memorandum of Conference with President Eisenhower, November 28, 1960,FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy, pp.143-144.
⑦ Fred L. Block, The Origin of International Economic Disorder- A Study of United States International Monetary Policy from World War II to the Present, University of California Press, 1977, p.164.
① John F. Kennedy, Inaugural Address, January 20th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间2006 年 4 月)
① John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment- A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982, p.228.
② Notes on Discussion, Washington, February 11, 1961. 26. FRUS 1961-1963, vol. V, Soviet Union, 1961-1963, Document 26.
① Memorandum of Conversation, Vienna, June 4, 1961, 10:15 a.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 32.
② Memorandum of Conversation, Vienna, June 4, 1961, 3:15 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 33.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 47.
① John F. Kennedy, The President’s News Conference of June 28th, 1961. available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间 2006 年 4 月)
② Report by Dean Acheson, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 49.
③ Report by Dean Acheson, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 49.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No. 58, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 53.
⑤ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.364.
⑥ John F. Kennedy, Radio and Televison Report to the American People on the Berlin Crisis, July 25, 1961, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
⑦ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.366.
⑧ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins.,Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.366.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 110.
② Minutes of Meeting, Washington, October 10, 1961, 11 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 173, enclosure.
③ Minutes of Meeting, Washington, October 10, 1961, 11 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XIV, Berlin Crisis, 1961-1962, Document 185.
① 张宏毅著,《欧洲优势·美苏对峙·多极世界》,中国青年出版社,1999 年,第 269 页。
② 资中筠主编,《战后美国外交史――从杜鲁门到里根》,世界知识出版社,1994 年,第 358 页。
③ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.469.
① Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union the Department of State, Moscow, April 18, 2 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 9.
② Report Prepared by a Committee of the United States Intelligence Board, Washington, July 11, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Document 245.
③ Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days- John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.727.
④ Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Kingdom, Washington, August 30, 1962, 7:22, p.m. , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Document 396.
① Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) to President Kennedy, August 31, 1962 , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. X, Cuba, 1961-1962, Document 401.
② Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 16.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 17.
④ Special National Intelligence Estimate, SNIE 11-18-62, Washington, October 19, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 32. ⑤Minutes of the 505th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, October 20, 1962, 2:30-5:10 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 34.
⑥ National Security Action Memorandum 196, Washington, October 22, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 42.
① John F. Kennedy, Radio and Televison Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba, October 22, 1962, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
② Letter from President Kennedy to Chairman Khrushchev, Washington, October 22, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 60.
③ Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Moscow, October 23, 1962, 5 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 61.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 59.
⑤ Telegram from the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State, Moscow, October 26, 1962, 7 p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. XI, Cuba Missile Crisis and Aftermath, Document 84.
⑥ Telegram from the Department to the Embassy in the Soviet Union, Washington, October 27, 1962, 8:05, p.m., FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VI, Kennedy-Khrushchev Exchanges, Document 67.
① John F. Kennedy, The President’s News Conference of November 20, 1962, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
② John F. Kennedy, Radio and Television Report to the American People on the Soviet Arms Buildup in Cuba, October 22nd, 1962, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
③ The Economic Report of the President, 1965, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1965, p.287.
① John F. Kennedy,Special Message to the Congress on the Defense Budget, March 28, 1961,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.
② [美]托马斯·帕特森:《美国外交政策》,中国社会科学出版社,1989 年,第 724 页。
③ John F. Kennedy,Special Message to the Congress on the Defense Budget, March 28, 1961,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.
④ Memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to President Kennedy, JCSM-697-61, Washington, October 5, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy, Document 49.
① Memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to President Kennedy, JCSM-697-61, Washington, October 5, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy, Document 49.
② Special National Intelligence Estimate, SNIE 11-14-61, Washington, November 21, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security Policy, Document 56.
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.301.
① The research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, The International Position of the Dollar. The committee for economic development, 1961, p.18.
② The research and policy committee of the committee for economic development, The International Position of the Dollar. The committee for economic development, 1961, p.21.
① Memorandum for the Record by Secretary of the Treasury Anderson, December 6, 1960, FRUS 1958-1960, Vol. IV, International Financial and Monetary Policy, p.147.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message on Gold and Balance of Payments Deficit, February 6th, 1961. (www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index)
① C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy, New York University Press, 1975, pp.176-177.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth, Februry 2nd, 1961,available at http://www.presidency.uscb,edu/ws/index.
③ John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment- A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982, p.226.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress: Program for Economic Recovery and Growth.
③ Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.27.
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments, February 6th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
② 详情见附录二。
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
② 参见 John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Gold and Balance of Payments.
③ National Security Action Memorandum No. 22, Washington, February 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 91, footnote, 1.
① National Security Action Memorandum No. 22, Washington, February 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 91.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Foreign Aid, March 22th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
③ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.296.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No. 146, Washington, April 20, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 137.
⑤ Memorandum From the Administrator of the Agency for International Development (Hamilton) to President Kennedy, Washington, May 25, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 140.
⑥ National Security Action Memorandum No. 159, Washington, May 31, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 141.
① Memorandum From the Interagency Committee on Police Assistance Program to President Kennedy, Washington, July 20, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. VIII, National Security, Document 99.
② National Security Action Memorandum No. 177, Washington, August 7, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 150.
③ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963, available at www. presidency.ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
③ John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.20.
① John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
③ 美国于 1962 年 10 月 11 日批准该立法,1963 年 1 月 15 日,肯尼迪签署第 11075 号执行令实施该法。
④ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
⑤ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963.
① Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.34.
② The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.5.
③ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1963, p.XI.
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.4.
② Report from Secretary of the Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, March 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 3.
① Report from Secretary of the Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, March 20, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 3.
② Memorandum from Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy, Washington, July 28, 1961 , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 4.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 5.
④ Summary Minutes of Meeting of the Interdepartmental Committee of Under Secretaries on Foreign Economic Policy, Washington, October 4, 1961, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 6.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, March 12, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 8.
① Wilson E. Schmidt, The Rescue of the Dollar, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1963, p.5.
② The Economic Report of the President, January 1962, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1962, p.10.
③ Memorandum from Secretary of State and Secretary of Treasury to President Kenndey, Washington, April 9, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 9.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 10.
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 13.
① National Security Action Memorandum No. 171, Washington, July 16, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 14.
② National Security Action Memorandum No. 171, Washington, July 16, 1962, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 14.
③ Memorandum from the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Johnson) to the Under Secretary of State (Ball) , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 15.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No. 225, Washington, February 27, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 21.
⑤ Memorandum from President Kennedy to the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, March 2, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 22.
⑥ John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1961, available at www. presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.
① Letter from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 30.
② Letter from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 31.
③ Memorandum from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 32.
④ Memorandum from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 32.
⑤ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 12, 1963. , FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 33.
① Memorandum from Secretary of Defense McNamara to President Kennedy, Washington, July 16, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 28.
② Draft Memorandum from Secretary of Defense McNamara to President Kennedy, Washington, September 19, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 36.
③ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 23, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 37.
④ National Security Action Memorandum No.270, Washington, October 29, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 38.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of Treasury Dillion to President Kennedy, Washington, December 2, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 39.
① John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.28.
② Arthur M. Schlesinger: A Thousand Days-John Kennedy in the White House, Greenwich, Conn: Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1965, p.601.
① Summary Notes of the 546th Meeting of the National Security Council, Washington, February 7, 1965, 8-9:45 a.m. , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.II, Vietnam, January-June 1965, Document 80.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.II, Vietnam, January-June 1965, Document 175.
① Intelligence Memorandum, OCI No. 0341/65, Washington, February 1, 1965 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.II, Vietnam, January-June 1965, Document 55.
② Message from the President to the Ambassador in Vietnam (Lodge), Washington, April 28, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.I, Vietnam, 1964, Document 129.
① Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2004, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2003, available at: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/usbudget/issue/(下载时间 2006 年 5 月)
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Defense Department Cost Reduction Week Ceremony, July 21st, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② John Lewis Gaddis, Strategies of Containment- A Critical Appraisal of Postwar American National Security Policy, Oxford University Press, 1982, p.237.
③ Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, April, 1967, 9:14 p.m. , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XVIII, Arab-Israeli Dispute, 1964-1967, Document 402.
④ Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, May 17, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 7.
⑤ Telegram from the Department of State to the Embassy in Israel, Washington, May 17, 1967, 7 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968,vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 8.
① Telegram from the Embassy in Israel to the Department of State, May 18, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 13.
② Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, May 18, 1967, 9:39 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 16.
③ Information Memorandum from the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organzation Affairs (Propper) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, May 19, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 19.
④ Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, May 19, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 20. ⑤Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President on Rising Tensions in the Near East, May 23rd, 1967, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑥ Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, May 26, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 77.
⑦ Telegram from the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, Washington, May 27, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 8.
⑧ Letter from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, May 27, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 84.
① Diplomatic Note from the Israeli Ambassador (Harman) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, May 30, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 102.
② Letter from President Johnson to Prime Minister Eshkol, Washington, May 30, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 139.
③ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, November 17, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 149.
④ Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 156.
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 155.
⑥ Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 159.
⑦ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 164.
① Minutes of the Tenth Meeting of the Middle East Control Group, Washington, June 5, 1967, 5 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 165.
② Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, June 5, 1967, 5:45 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 166.
③ President’s daily Brief, Washington, June 8, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 202.
④ Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, Moscow, June 10, 1967, 8:48 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 243.
⑤ Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, Washington, June 10, 1967, 9:39 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 246.
⑥ Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, Moscow, June 10, 1967, 9:44 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 247.
⑦ Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, Washington, June 10, 1967, 10:58 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX,Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 246.
① Message from Premier Kosygin to President Johnson, Moscow, June 10, 1967, 11:31 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 254.
② Message from President Johnson to Premier Kosygin, Washington, June 10, 1967, 11:58 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 255.
③ United Nations Security Council Resolution 242, New York, November 22, 1967 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIX, Arab-Israeli Crisis and War, 1967, Document 542.
④ Budget of the United States Government: Historical Tables, Fiscal Year 2004, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, 2003, available at: http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/publications/usbudget/issue/(下载时间 2006 年 5 月)
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Defense Department Cost Reduction Week Ceremony, July 21st, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② National Intelligence Estimate, NIE 11-3-65, Washington, November 18, 1965 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 106.
③ Memorandum from Spurgeon Keeny of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Special Assistant for National Affairs (Bundy) Washington, December 10, 1965 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 107.
① Memorandum from the President’s Specil Assistant for Science and Technology (Hornig) to the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow), Washington, December 10, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 156.
② Memorandum from the Deputy Secretary of Defense (Vance) to President Johnson, Washington, December 10, 1966 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 155.
③ Memorandum from the Deputy Secretary of Defense (Vance) to President Johnson, Washington, December 10, 1966 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.X, National Security Policy, Document 155.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XIV, Soviet Union, Document 274.
① Memorandum from the Ambassador at Large (Thompson) to the Acting Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Fisher), Washington, November 28, 1964 , FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XI, Arms Control and Disarmament, Document 52.
② Report by the Committee on Nuclear Proliferation, Washington, January 21, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XI, Arms Control and Disarmament, Document 64.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol.XI, Arms Control and Disarmament, Document 250.
④ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Signing of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, July 1st, 1968, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President on the Need for a Treaty Governing Exploration of Celestial Dodies, May 7th, 1966, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks at the Signing of the Treaty on Outer Space. January 27, 1967, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1969, pp.298-299.
① The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.11.
② John F. Kennedy, Special Message to the Congress on Balance of Payments, July 18th, 1963, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 8th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
④ Lyndon B. Johnson, Letter to the Chairman, House Ways and Means Committee, Endorsing the Interest Equalization Tax on Foreign Securities, February 25th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年5 月).
⑤ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 12.
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Executive Order 11175-Exclusion for Original or New Canadian Issues as Required for International Monetary Stability, September 2th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5月).
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Dillon to President Johnson, Washington, January 15, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 41.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Executive Order 11198-Imposition of Interest Equalization Tax on Certain Commercial Bank Loans, February 10th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Memorandum from Acting Secretary of the Treasury Deming to President Johnson, Washington, February 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 43.
② Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
③ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
④ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, December 26, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 82.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, May 10, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 94.
⑥ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, November 8, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 105.
① Memorandum from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payment to President Johnson, Washington, December 6, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, January 13, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 114.
③ Current Economic Development, Issue No. 772, Washington, January 31, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 117.
④ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 135.
⑤ Richard Nixon, Statement on the Balance of Payments, April 4th, 1969, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑥ Memorandum by the Chairman of the Council of Economic Advisers (Ackley), Washington, January 11, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 27.
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on International Balance of Payments, February 10th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② Memorandum from the Acting Secretary of the Treasury Deming to President Johnson, Washington, February 12, 1965,FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 43.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks to Business and Banking Leaders on the Balance of Payments Problem, February 18th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Paper Prepared in the Department of Commerce, Washington, February 18, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 45.
② Minutes of Meeting of the Balance of Payments Advisory Committee, Washington, February 26, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 46.
③ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Dillon to President Johnson, Washington, March 27, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 56.
④ Letter from Secretary of Commerce Connor to President Johnson, Washington, April 28, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 59.
① Report from the Voluntary Cooperation Program Coordinating Group to the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, May 26, 1965. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 60.
② Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
③ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
① Memorandum from Secretary of Commerce Connor to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) Washington, September 21, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 69.
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, April 28, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 76.
③ Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, November 24, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 81.
④ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to the President Johnson, Washington, November 26, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 82.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, March 25, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 88.
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, April 23, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 90.
③ Minutes of Meeting, Washington, May 4, 1966, 11:30 a.m, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 93.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, November 8, 1966, 11:30 a.m.. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 105.
⑤ Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on the Balance of Payments, Washington, December 5, 1966, 3 p.m.. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 106.
① Memorandum from the Cabinet Committee on Balanceof Payments to President Johnson, Washington, December 6, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
② Editorial Note FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 110.
③ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, August 8, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 137.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, August 8, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 137.
⑤ Letter from the President of General Electric Company (Borch) to Secretary of Commerce Trowbridge, New York, September 14, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 137.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, December, 1967, 4 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 161.
② The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1966, p.301.
③ Memorandum for the Record, Washington, September 20, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 68.
④ Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, October 1, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 72.
⑤ Memorandum fromSecretary of the Treasury fowler to President Johnson, Washington, October 22, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 76.
⑥ C. Fred Bergsten, The Dilemmas Of the Dollar- the Economics and Politics of United States International Monetary Policy,New York University Press, 1975, p.150.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, December 21, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 161.
② Telegram from the President’s Special Assistant (Califano) to President Johnson, Washington, December 23, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 163.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President Outlining a Program of Action to Deal with the Balance of PaymentsProblem, January 1st, 1968, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Memorandum from the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Rostow) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, January 8, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 175.
② John A. C. Conybeare, United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: The Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, p.2.
① [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 118 页。
② Telegram from the Embassy in France to the Department of State, Paris, June 16, 7 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 9.
③ Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
④ Action Memorandum from the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs (Johnson) to Secretary of State Rusk, Washington, March 11, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 49.
⑤ Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington,November 25, 1964. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
① Telegram from the Embassy in France to the Department of State, Paris, June 16, 7 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 9.
② Briefing Paper Prepared by the Department and the Department of the Treasury, Washington, December 4, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 19.
③ Letter from Secretary of th Treasury Fowler to the German Minister of Finance (Schiller), Washington, April 6, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 119.
① Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 36.
② Memorandum from the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs (Deming) to John J. McCloy, Washington, May 17, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 124, Footnote 7.
③ Memorandum from the Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs (Deming) to John J. McCloy, Washington, May 17, 1967,. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 124.
④ Current Economic Development, Issue No. 779, Washington, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 122.
⑤ Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, June 19, 1967, 2:30 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetaryand Trade Policy, Document 129.
① Memorandum for the Files, Washington, July 10, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 133.
② Current Economic Development, Issue No. 785, Washington, August 2, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 136.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 141.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, October 6, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 145.
⑤ [美]杰拉尔德·M·迈耶著,王槐安译:《世界货币秩序问题》,北京:中国金融出版社,1989 年,第 82 页。
⑥ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 191.
① Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant (Rostow) to President Johnson, Washington, April 2, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 194.
② The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1971, pp.149-150.
③ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1964, p.12.
① Memorandum from Francis M. Bator of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy), Washington, June 8, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 238.
② Summary of Discussion, Washington, June 13, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 239.
③ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the United Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, July 14, 1964, 8 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 243.
④ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the United Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, July 14, 1964, 8 p.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 243.
⑤ Lyndon B. Johnson, President Statement No. 8 on Economic Issues: Expanding World Trade, October 29th, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Telegram from the Mission to the European Communities to the Department of State, Brussels, November 3, 1964, 4 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 261.
② Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, November 13, 1964, 10:30 a.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 264.
③ Memorandum from the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy) and Francis M. Bator of the National Security Council Staff to President Johnson, Washington, December 16, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 268.
④ Memorandum from the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Herter) to President Johnson, Washington, January 19, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 272.
⑤ The Economic Report of the President, United States Government Printing Office, Washington: 1965, p.113.
① Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on Agriculture, February 4th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on Agriculture, February 4th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Memorandum of Conversation, Washington, February 9, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 276.
④ Letter from the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations’ Executive Assistant (Auchincloss) to the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Herter), Washington, March 8, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 278.
⑤ Memorandum from Secretary of Agriculture Freeman to President Johnson, Washington, August 9, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 288.
① Memorandum from Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Herter) to President Johnson, Washington, August 9, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 289.
② Letter from Director-General of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade Wyndham White to Participation Governments in the Kennedy Round, Geneva, January 3, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 302.
③ Memorandum of Conversation between U.S. and EEC Officials, Brussels, January 11, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 304.
④ Report by the Chairman of the Trade Negotiations Committee (Wyndham White) to the 23d Session of the GATT Contracting Parties, Geneva, March 30, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 308.
① Statement by the Deputy Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (Blumenthal), Geneva, Sepetmber 14, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 320.
② Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the United Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, September 23, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 322.
③ Editorial Note, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 323.
④ Circular Airgram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, October 12, 1966, 2:18 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 325.
① Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, April 28, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 344.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, May 1, 1967, 10:15 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 346.
③ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the Unied Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 349.
④ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the Unied Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 349.
⑤ Telegram from the Mission to the European Office of the Unied Nations to the Department of State, Geneva, May 9, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 349, footnote 3.
⑥ Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, May 10, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 351.
① Memorandum from the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs’ Special Assistant (Enders) to Secretary of State Rusk, May 16, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 361.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, May 15, 1967 FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 360.
③ Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1964. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
① Http://www.bea.go/international /index.htm and Letter from the Chairman of the Task Force on Foreign Economic Policy (Kaysen) to President Johnson, Washington, November 25, 1964, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 18.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Proclamation 3607- See the United States in 1964 and 1965 , August 15th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, The President’s News Conference of August August 15th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
④ Memorandum from the Acting Director of the U.S. Travel Service (Black) to Secrtary of Commerce Connor, Washington, January 21, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 30.
① Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 33.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Special Message to the Congress on International Balance of Payments, February 10th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Report from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, June 7, 1965, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 61.
④ Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks to the Members of the See the U.S.A. Committee, August 11th, 1965, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑤ Lyndon B. Johnson, Memorandum on Balance of Payments and Federal Expenditures Overseas, March 8th, 1966, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index.(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
⑥ Http://www.bea.gov/international /index.htm. (下载时间:2007 年 5 月)
① Department of the Treasury Memorandum, Washington, March 18, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 87.
② Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, April 23, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 90.
③ Memorandum from Vice President Humphrey to Secretary of the Treasury Fowler, Washington, April 29, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 92.
① Minutes of Meeting, Washington, May 4, 1966, 11:30 a.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 93.
② Memorandum from the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bator) to President Johnson, Washington, May 11, 1966, 5:45 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 95.
③ Circular Telegram from the Department of State to Certain Posts, Washington, May 18, 1966, 7:52 p.m. FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 97.
④ Memorandum from Secretary of the Treasury Fowler to President Johnson, Washington, November 8, 1966, 11:30 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 105.
⑤ Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on the Balance of Payments, Washington, December 5, 1966, 3 a.m., FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 106.
⑥ Memorandum from the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments to President Johnson, Washington, December 6, 1966, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
① Minutes of Meeting of the Cabinet Committee on Balance of Payments, Washington, January 4, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, Vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 108.
② Memorandum from the Under Secretary of State for Polictical Affairs to President Johnson, Washington, January 10, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 112.
③ Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Message to the Congress: The Economic Report of the President, January 26th, 1967, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
④ Telegram from the President’s Special Assistant (Califano) to to President Johnson, Washington, December 22, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 162.
① Telegram from the President’s Special Assistant (Califano) to to President Johnson, Washington, December 23, 1967, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 163.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Statement by the President Outlining a Program of Action to Deal with the Balance of Payments Problem, January 1st, 1968, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Current Economic Developments, Washington, February 27, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 182.
① Current Economic Developments, Washington, April 23, 1968, FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, International Monetary and Trade Policy, Document 197.
② Http://www.bea.gov/international /index.htm.
① Available at http://www.osec.doc.gov/(下载时间:2007 年 1 月).
① Available at http://www.osec.doc.gov/(下载时间:2007 年 1 月)。
① Jonathan Alan Lee, The Strength of the Currency: the Multinationalization of American Business, the Balance of Payments Problem, and United States Foreign Economic Policy in the 1960’s, The University of Texas at Austin, 1996, p.457.
② Http://www.bea.go/international /index.htm(下载时间:2007 年 1 月).
① John F. Kennedy, Annual Budget Message to the Congress, Fiscal Year 1964, January 17th, 1963, available at http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.
② Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Budget Message to the Congress, Fiscal Year 1965, January 21st, 1964, available at http:// www.presidency. ucsb. edu/ ws/ index(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
③ Annual Budget of the Government of U.S.by the Ending of 2004, Historial tables, p.52, available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/fy2004(下载时间:2006 年 5 月).
① Arthur. M. Schlesinger, Jr. A Thousand Days John F. Kennedy in the White House, Fawcett Publications, Ins., Greenwich, Conn., 1965, p.601.
② Memorandum from John Kenneth Galbraith to President Kennedy, Washington, August 28, 1963, FRUS 1961-1963, Vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy, Document 32.
① http://www.safe.gov.cn/model_safe/tjsj/tjsj(下载时间 2008 年 1 月).
② http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter(下载时间 2008 年 1 月)
③ 2005 年中国国际收支报告,available at http://www.safe.gov.cn/model_safe/tjsj(下载时间 2008 年 1 月).
① http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/
② 2008 年 3 月 18 日温家宝总理新闻发布会。
解密文件参考系统,Declassified Documents Reference System, Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group, (简称“DDRS”),是美国 Gale 公司开发的数据库,涵盖来自白宫、中央情报局、联邦调查局、国务院等处大量解密外交文件。)
EBSCOhost 系列数据库,该数据库是当今世界上最大的多学科学术期刊全文数据库。
学术研究图书馆,Academic Research Library,本数据库为综合性学术期刊数据库。
哥伦比亚国际事务在线,Columbia International Affairs Online( 简称“CIAO”)数据库,其内容包括有国际政治、国际关系等方面的电子图书、期刊、研究报告和个案研究的全文本。
PQDD 博硕士论文数据库,Proquest Digital Dissertations(简称“PQDD”),是世界著名的学位论文数据库,收录有欧美上千所大学文、理、工、农、医等领域的博士、硕士学位论文。
(1)《美国对外关系文件》(Foreign Relations of the United States) Department of State of America, FRUS 1969-1976, vol.III, Foreign Economic Policy; International Monetary Policy. (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/, 2005 年 1 月)
FRUS 1964-1968, vol. VIII, Interantional Monetary and Trade Policy (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/, 2005 年 1 月)
FRUS 1961-1963, vol.IX, Foreign Economic Policy (http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/, 2005 年 1 月)
杜鲁门图书馆: http://www.trumanlibrary.org/photos/av-photo.htm
艾森豪威尔图书馆: http://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/
肯尼迪图书馆: http://www.jfklibrary.org/
约翰逊图书馆: http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/
尼克松图书馆: http://www.nixonfoundation.org/index.shtml
联邦储备银行经济研究档案系统:http://www.fraser.stlouisfed.org ( Federal Reserve Bank of St.Louis-Federal Reserve Archival System for Economic Research).
经济政策协会: http://www.epinet.org ( Economic Policy Institute).
商务部经济分析局:http://www.bea.gov/international/index.htm (Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce ).
国际货币基金组织: http://www.imf.org/external/index.htm (International Monetary Fund).
美国商务部: http://www.commerce.gov (Department of Commerce of U.S.).
美国科学家联盟(FAS):http://fas.org/spp/civil/russia/pol_docs.htm,几乎可以找到美国历届政府全部解密的总统指令文件。
美国伍德罗·威尔逊冷战史研究中心(Cold War International History Project):http://wwics.si.edu/index,
(1)《美国对外关系文件》(Foreign Relations of the United States, 简称 FRUS)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol.IV, Foreign Economic Policy (1992)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol. I, Vietnam (1986)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol. II, United Nations; General International Matters (1991)
FRUS 1958-1960, vol. III, National Security Policy (1996)
FRUS 1955-1957, vol.V, The Austrian State Treaty; The Summit Conference, 1955; The Foreign Ministers Meeting, 1955 (1989)
FRUS 1955-1957, vol. IX, Foreign Economic Policy (1987)
FRUS 1955-1957, vol.X, Foreign Aid and Economic Defense Policy (1989)
FRUS 1952-1954, vol.I, General and Political Matters (1984)
FRUS 1952-1954, vol. II, National Security Affairs (1984)
FRUS 1950, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1975)
FRUS 1950, vol. VII, Korea (1976)
FRUS 1949, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1975)
FRUS 1948, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1975)
FRUS 1947, vol.I, Foreign Economic and Commercial Policy (1973)
FRUS 1946, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1972)
FRUS 1945, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1967)
FRUS 1944, vol.I, General; United Nations, Part 1(1966)
FRUS 1943, vol. I, General (1963)
FRUS 1942, vol. I, General, The British Commonwealth, The Far East (1960)
(2)《美国总统公开文件集》(Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States)
Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States, United States Government Printing Office, available at http://www.presidency. ucsb.edu/ws/.该网提供从 1789 年到 2005 年,美国历届总统的国情咨文、预算
报告、就职演说、新闻发布等公开文件的全文本。
(3)《美国外交政策当前文件》(American Foreign Policy Current Documents)
[1] A. R. Conan, The Problem of Sterling, New York: ST Martin's Pr., 1966.
[2]Benjamin J.Cohen, Banks and the Balance of Payments: Private Lending in the International Adjustment Process, Montclair N.J.: Allanheld, Osmun ; London: Croom Helm, 1981.
[3]Benjamin J. Cohen, Adjustment Costs and the Distribution of New Reserve, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1966.
[4]Berry Hocker, Crash and Economic Depression Again in Our Time. Waterville, Kansas: Scholar and Reference Pr., 1962.
[5]Charles PoorKindleberger, Balance-of-Payments Deficits and the International Market for Liquidity. Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1965.
[6]Constantine Michalopoulos, Payments Arrangements for Less-developed Countries: the Role of Foreign Assistance, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1973.
[7]Conybeare, John A. C., United States Foreign Economic Policy and the International Capital Markets: the Case of Capital Export Countries, 1963-1974, New York: Garland Pub., 1988.
[8]David Brandon Shields, Kennedy and Macmillan: Cold War Politics, Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 2006.
[9]Dennis R. Appleyard, International Economics: Payments, Exchange Rates, and Macro Policy, Chicago: Irwin, 1995.
[10]Department of Economic Affairs, United Nations, Balance of Payments Trends and Policies, 1950-1951: analysis of replies by governments to a United Nations questionnaire, New York: United Nations, 1951.
[11]De Saint-Phalle, Trade, Inflation, and the Dollar, New York: Praeger, 1984.
[12] Elhanan Helpman, A theory of International Trade under Uncertainty, New York: Academic Press, 1978.
[13]Elizabeth Lutes Hillman, Defending America: Military Culture and the Cold War Court-martial, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005.
[14]Eugene A Birnbaum, Changing the United States Commitment to Gold, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1967.
[15]Franco Modigliani, The Reform of the International Payments System, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1971.
[16]Frank Cain, , Economic Statecraft during the Cold War: European Responses to the US Trade Embargo, London: Routledge, 2007.
[17]Francis Cassell, Gold or Credit?: the Economics and Politics of International Money, London: Pall Mall Pr, 1965.
[18]Fritz Machlup, International Payments, Debts and Gold, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1964.
[19]Gerald M.Meier, Problems of a World Monetary Order, New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.
[20]Gottfried Haberler , Money in the International Economy: a Study in Balance of Payments Adjustments, International Liquidity and Exchange Rates, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965.
[21]Gray, H. Peter, The dollar Deficit: Causes and Cures, Boston: D.C. Heath and Company, 1967.
[22]Henry G Aubrey,, The Dollar in World Affairs: an Essay in International Financial Policy,1st ed., New York: Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Harper & Row, 1964.
[23]Harry G. Johnson, Money, Balance-of-payments Theory, and the International Monetary Problem, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1977.
[24]H. Peter Gray, An Aggregate Theory of International Payments Adjustment, Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books 1974.
[25]Ian Shannon, International Liquidity: a Study in the Economic Functions of Gold, Chicago: Henry Rognery, 1964.
[26]Jeffrey M.Sussman, An Empirical Analysis of the Policy Response to the Balance of Payments in West Germany, 1958-1971, Ann Arbor, Mich.: UMI, 1975.
[27]Jaroslav Vanek, International Trade: Theory and Economic Policy, Homewood, Ill.: R. D. Irwin, 1962.
[28] J. E. Meade, The balance of payments, London: Oxford University Press, 1956.
[29]John H Makin, Capital Flows and Exchange-rate Flexibility in the Post-Bretton Woods Era, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1974.
[30]Kenneth Alan Osgood, Total Cold War: Eisenhower's Secret Propaganda Battle at Home and Abroad, Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas, 2006.
[31]Joseph Gold , Order in International Finance, the Promotion of IMF Stand-by Arrangements, and the Drafting of Private Loan Agreements, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1982.
[32]John D.Hogan,The U.S. Balance of Payments and Capital Flows, New York: Frederick A. Praeger Publishers, 1967.
[33]John M Letiche, Balance of Payments and Economic Growth, New York: Harper, 1959.
[34]Lary, Hal Buckner, Problems of the United States as World Trader and Banker, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1963.
[35]Lederer, Walther, The Balance on Foreign Transactions: Problems of Definition and Measurement, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1963.
[36]Machlup, Fritz, Plans for Reform of the International Monetary System. 2rd ed. Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1964.
[37]Magda Kandil, The Impact of Cyclical factors on the U.S. Balance of Payments, Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, IMF Institute and Treasurer's Dept., 2002.
[38]Marina von Neumann Whitman, Policies for Internal and External Balance, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1970.
[39]Max J. Wasserman and Charles W. Hultman, Modern International economics: a Balance of Payments Approach, New York: Simmons-Boardman Pub. Corp., 1962.
[40]Meade, J. E. (James Edward), Targets and Weapons for Domestic Stabilisation and the Balance of Payments, Hamburg: Verlag Weltarchiv, 1981.
[41]Milton Friedman, Dollars and Deficits: Inflation, Monetary Policy and the Balance of Payment, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1968.
[42]Nasrollah S. Fatemi, The Dollar Crisis: the United States Balance of Payments and Dollar Stability, Rutherford, N.j.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1964.
[43]Neil H.Ashdown, The Impact of Banking Policy on Trade and Global Stability, Westport, Conn.: Quorum Books, 2002.
[44]Office of Business Economics of United States, The Balance of Payments of the United States, 1949-1951. Washington: U. S. Govt. Print. Office, 1952.
[45]Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Statistics of Balance of Payments, 1950-1961, Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1964.
[46]Oscar L. Altman, The Dollar in Crisis, New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1961.
[47]Paul S. Boyer, Fallout: a Historian Reflects on America's Half-century Encounter with Nuclear Weapons, Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1998.
[48]Paul H. Douglas, America in the Market Place: Trade, Tariffs and the Balance of Payments, 1st ed., New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966.
[49]Peter B. Kenen, Capital Mobility and Financial Integration: a Survey, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1976.
[50]Philip H.Gordon, Winning the right war: the path to security for America and the world, New York: Times Books, 2007.
[51]Poul Host-Madsen, Balance of Payments: its Meaning and Uses, Washington: International Monetary Fund, 1967.
[52]Raymond Frech Mikesell, Foreign Dollar Balances and the International Role of the Dollar, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research; distributed by Columbia University Press, 1974.
[53]Richard E. Caves, World Trade and Payments: an Introduction, Boston: Little Brown, 1985.
[54]Richard P. Stebbins, Documents on American Foreign Relations, 1965, New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
[55]Roosa, Robert V. Monetary Reform for the World Economy, 1st ed., New York: Published for the Council on Foreign Relations by Harper & Row, 1965.
[56]Robert A.Mundell, The dollar and the policy mix: 1971, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1971.
[57]Robert M.Dunn, Exchange-Rate Rigidity, Investment Distortions, and the Failure of Bretton Woods ,Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Princeton University, 1973.
[58]Robert Mitchell Stern, The Balance of Payments: Theory and Economic Policy, Chicago: Aldine Pub. Co., 1973.
[59]Robert Triffin, Gold and the Dollar Crisis: the Future of Convertibility, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1961.
[60]Robert Triffin, The Balance of Payments and the Foreign Investment Position of the United States. Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1966.
[61] Robert Z. Aliber, The Future of the Dollar as an International Currency, London: Pall Mall P., 1966.
[62]Ronald L.Danielian, The Forgotten Deficit: America's Addiction to Foreign Capital, Boulder:Westview Press, 1987.
[63]Rolf Hackmann, U.S. Trade, Foreign Direct Investments, and Global Competitiveness, New York: International Business Press, 1997.
[64]Samuel Irving Katz , External Surpluses, Capital Flows, and Credit Policy in the European Economic Community, 1958 to 1967, Princeton, N.J.: International Finance Section, Dept. of Economics, Princeton University, 1969.
[65]Samuel Pizer and Frederick Cutler, U.S. Investments in the Latin American Economy, Washington: D.C., U. S. Government Office, 1957.
[66]Sebastian Edwards, The Order of Liberalization of the Balance of Payments: should the Current Account be Opened up First? Washington, D.C., U.S.A.: World Bank, 1985.
[67]Sidney E Rolfe, Gold and World Power: the Dollar, the Pound, and the Plans for Reform, New York: Harper & Row, 1966.
[68]Thomas M. Humphrey, The Monetary Approach to the Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and World Inflation, New York, N.Y. U.S.A.: Praeger, 1982.
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[1]许宪春主编.《中国国际收支统计框架》,北京:中国统计出版社,2007.
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[1]潘一宁. “约翰逊政府与美国的越南战争困境(1967-1968)”,《东南亚研究》,2007.6.
[2]王新谦.“从马歇尔计划看美国的实用主义本质”,《河南大学学报》,2006.3.
[3]赵学功.“核武器与美苏冷战”,《浙江学刊》,2006.3.
[4]景晓强.“越南战争中的美苏互动(1964-1968)”,《西华师范大学学报》,2006.3.
[5]金海.“从马歇尔计划看战后初期美国对欧政策的演变”,《历史教学问题》,2005.5.
[6]崔丕.“艾森豪威尔政府对联邦德国政策新探”,《欧洲研究》,2005.2.
[7]陈志昂.“经济全球化与新特里芬悖论”,《经济理论与经济管理》,2005.1.
[8]邹振宁,周芸.“太空战管窥”,《国际太空》2004.5.
[9]张熠.“从第三次中东战争看美国中东政策的调整”,《阿拉伯世界》,2004.5.
[10]李莉.“试析马歇尔计划的背景、原因及其实质”,《新乡师范高等专科学校学报》,2004.4.
[11]黄素庵.“崛起与升值”,《国际市场》,2004.3.
[12]潘锐.“冷战时期美国外交战略研究——从杜鲁门主义到里根主义”,《国际商务研究》,2004.2.
[13]刘会清.“美国对外援助政策及其人会取向”,《内蒙古民族大学学报》,2003.6.
[14]夏立平.“外层空间军备控制的进展与障碍”,《当代亚太》2002.6.
[15]崔丕.“美国《共同防卫援助统制法(1951)》的形成及其影响”,《历史研究》,2002.3.
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[17]王俊周.“二战后美国在金融领域强权政治”,《西安联合大学学报》,2002.1.
[18]隋先辉.“21 世纪的太空武器”,《中国航天》2001.5.
[19]陆钢.“战后金融外交与美国金融霸权”,《华东师范大学学报》,2000.9.
[20]岳劲松.“试论马歇尔计划的实施对战后欧洲发展的影响”,《伊犁教育学院学报》,2000.9.
[21]方文.“美国国际收支调节机制及其启示”,《中国外汇管理》,1999.11.
[22]邹三明.“布雷顿森林体系的国际影响”,《世界经济与政治》,1999.10.
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