多终端协同的泛在网络中若干关键技术的研究
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摘要
随着普适计算技术的不断发展,泛在网络正朝着泛在性、融合性、异构性、移动性以及多终端协同的方向演进。在泛在网络环境下,为了克服资源形态不同、网络架构独立、管理机制各异带来的影响,从而如何协调不同的终端、异质的网络以及多样化的业务来共同为用户服务,并演进其功能和模式,将是多终端协同的泛在网络所面临的挑战。
基于此,本文围绕这一主题展开研究,以皮尔逊相关系数、排队论等数学方法为基础,分别从基于上下文感知的业务适配、面向服务质量保证的动态策略生成、多路径的传输控制机制和基于跨层协作的切换四个角度,联合用户相似性上下文、资源预留、接纳控制、可用带宽测量及负载均衡等技术提出了一系列合理的方案。本文的主要学术贡献在于：
(1)针对泛在网络环境下业务的多样性,用户的偏好以及网络资源的调度问题,本文提出了一种在泛在网络环境下考虑用户的上下文信息以及基于位置和时间因素的相似用户的业务适配算法。该算法不仅充分考虑了用户偏好、网络参数、终端能力以及业务属性等因素,而且通过FAHP和熵值法的结合平衡了用户主观喜好与系统客观性能差异对指标权重因子的影响。仿真表明,在相似用户为10时,该算法可以提高0.7-5.5的用户满意度。
(2)结合所提出的架构,并在此基础上整合了资源预留、业务优先级及业务降级方式,提出了泛在网络环境下基于适应性资源预留的多终端业务连续性机制。仿真表明,该机制的切换阻塞率降低了11.6%-20%。
(3)针对传统策略不能很好的适应时刻变化的网络问题,提出一种动态策略框架及其生成机制。该机制对时刻变化的网络业务量进行实时监测,根据预测查询信息对网络资源的分析及关键属性的提取以及标准化方法,然后根据属性动态选择模板并自动生成动态策略,使泛在网络的管理具有更强的动态性和自治性。最后通过仿真可以明显地看到,通过采用动态策略,负载均衡系统的效率提高了3.4%-11.7%。
(4)考虑到当前泛在网络传输的特性,详细分析了影响多路径传输性能的主要因素及其研究现状,以及改进多路径传输性能面临的难点。本文提出了基于端到端可用带宽测量的mSCTP-CMT传输控制算法,对链路丢包的原因进行了区分并采取相应的措施,针对于不同路径的拥塞控制机制,尤其是在丢包频繁发生的无线环境下,使得发送端可以有效的利用cwnd值,从而提高带宽利用率和系统吞吐量。基于端到端可用带宽测量算法,本文进一步提出了基于非对称链路的mSCTP-CMT SACK调度优化算法。根据该算法,系统既可以充分利用现有的网络带宽,又在此基础上考虑了接收端缓存阻塞问题。通过仿真实现可以看出所提出的算法能够有效的增大系统的吞吐量。
(5)从多路径传输的角度,提出了基于跨层协作的切换性能优化方案,通过MIH模块收集底层链路状态信息来实现系统发现及切换判决功能,并采用传输层模块来完成后续的切换执行过程。仿真表明,该机制可以有效的提高切换过程中网络的吞吐量。
综上所述,本文不仅深入研究了多终端协同的泛在网络中若干关键技术问题,并且为下一步的研究提出了若干建议。
Along with the steady advancement of pervasive technologies, ubiquitous network is evolving towards a ubiquitous, convergent, heterogeneous, multi-device coordinated, mobile connectable direction. In ubiquitous network environments, in order to overcome the impact of different forms of resources, independent network architecture and varied management mechanisms, how to coordinate the different terminals, heterogeneous network as well as diversified services for the user, and evolve its function and mode, these will be challenges for multi-device coordination based on ubiquitous network.
Holding such background, this thesis will focus on this topic with the mathematic help of pearson correlation coefficient, queue theory and so on. From a series of rational solutions of context-awareness service adaptation, QoS-oriented dynamic policy generation, multi-path transport control mechanism and cross-layer cooperation-based handover are proposed jointly with user similarity context, resources provisioning, admission control, available bandwidth measurement and load balancing. The major contributions of thie thesis are as the following:
(1) According to the variety of services, the preference of users and the scheduling of network resources in ubiquitous network scenarios, this thesis presents a context-aware service adaptation mechanism under ubiquitous network relying on user-to-object, space-time interaction patterns which helps to perform service adaptation according to user's contexts (such as preferences and habits), network context, service context and device context. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm can effctively balance weighting factor of the user preferences and objective performance, by combining entropy theory and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm (FAHP). When similar users are equal to10, evaluation results prove that this mechanism can effectively increase the ratio of user satisfactory from0.7to5.5.
(2) Multi-device service continuity with adaptive resources provisioning under ubiquitous network is proposed by combining the proposed framework. On this basis, it integrates resource reservation, service priorities and service degradation. This mechanism can effectively decrease the ratio of handover blocking probability from11.6%to20%.
(3) A dynamic policy framework and its dynamic policy generation scheme are proposed for the problem that traditional policies cannot preferably get adapted to the ever-changing network. Based on the predicted information of the ever-changing network traffic, the mechanism chooses the template according to attributes and automatically produces dynamic policies through the analysis of network resources, extraction and standardization of key attributes. This makes the system management more and more automatic and autonomous. Finally, applying this dynamic policy generation scheme to ubiquitous network and further improving the system of load balancing from3.4%to11.7%.
(4) Considering transmission characteristics under ubiquitous network, some key factors that influence the performance of multi-path transmission are well analyzed, current status of the research and some difficult issues are pointed out to improve the performance of multi-path transmission. This thesis proposes bandwidth estimation extension and congestion control modifications for mSCTP-CMT to improve the transmission throughput in ubiquitous network scenarios. The main contribution is to estimate available bandwidth and then to make judgment about packets are lost due to network congestion or not in order to fully utilize the value of cwnd which can efficiently utilize of send buffer, especially when frequency of loss events. Based on available bandwidth estimation, this thesis proposes an improved SACK scheduling optimization scheme for improving the transmission throughput in the multipath transmission environments consisting of asymmetric paths. In the proposed scheme, the main contribution is that a multi-homed receiver senses bandwidth values of all available reverse paths and then distributes SACK packets to each path proportionally. Simulation results prove that the performance of the proposed scheme could improve the application throughput under packet loss rate and time varied.
(5) According to the perspective of multi-path transmission, a handover performance optimization scheme based on cross-layer cooperation is proposed. MIH module can collect the underlying link state information to complete discovery and handover decision in advance, and then transport layer module can complete the implementation of the follow-up handover process. Simulation results show that this scheme can effectively improve the application throughput.
In summary, this thesis conducts a research deeply into ubiquitous network for multi-device coordination, and some suggestions to the future research are listed.
基于此,本文围绕这一主题展开研究,以皮尔逊相关系数、排队论等数学方法为基础,分别从基于上下文感知的业务适配、面向服务质量保证的动态策略生成、多路径的传输控制机制和基于跨层协作的切换四个角度,联合用户相似性上下文、资源预留、接纳控制、可用带宽测量及负载均衡等技术提出了一系列合理的方案。本文的主要学术贡献在于：
(1)针对泛在网络环境下业务的多样性,用户的偏好以及网络资源的调度问题,本文提出了一种在泛在网络环境下考虑用户的上下文信息以及基于位置和时间因素的相似用户的业务适配算法。该算法不仅充分考虑了用户偏好、网络参数、终端能力以及业务属性等因素,而且通过FAHP和熵值法的结合平衡了用户主观喜好与系统客观性能差异对指标权重因子的影响。仿真表明,在相似用户为10时,该算法可以提高0.7-5.5的用户满意度。
(2)结合所提出的架构,并在此基础上整合了资源预留、业务优先级及业务降级方式,提出了泛在网络环境下基于适应性资源预留的多终端业务连续性机制。仿真表明,该机制的切换阻塞率降低了11.6%-20%。
(3)针对传统策略不能很好的适应时刻变化的网络问题,提出一种动态策略框架及其生成机制。该机制对时刻变化的网络业务量进行实时监测,根据预测查询信息对网络资源的分析及关键属性的提取以及标准化方法,然后根据属性动态选择模板并自动生成动态策略,使泛在网络的管理具有更强的动态性和自治性。最后通过仿真可以明显地看到,通过采用动态策略,负载均衡系统的效率提高了3.4%-11.7%。
(4)考虑到当前泛在网络传输的特性,详细分析了影响多路径传输性能的主要因素及其研究现状,以及改进多路径传输性能面临的难点。本文提出了基于端到端可用带宽测量的mSCTP-CMT传输控制算法,对链路丢包的原因进行了区分并采取相应的措施,针对于不同路径的拥塞控制机制,尤其是在丢包频繁发生的无线环境下,使得发送端可以有效的利用cwnd值,从而提高带宽利用率和系统吞吐量。基于端到端可用带宽测量算法,本文进一步提出了基于非对称链路的mSCTP-CMT SACK调度优化算法。根据该算法,系统既可以充分利用现有的网络带宽,又在此基础上考虑了接收端缓存阻塞问题。通过仿真实现可以看出所提出的算法能够有效的增大系统的吞吐量。
(5)从多路径传输的角度,提出了基于跨层协作的切换性能优化方案,通过MIH模块收集底层链路状态信息来实现系统发现及切换判决功能,并采用传输层模块来完成后续的切换执行过程。仿真表明,该机制可以有效的提高切换过程中网络的吞吐量。
综上所述,本文不仅深入研究了多终端协同的泛在网络中若干关键技术问题,并且为下一步的研究提出了若干建议。
Along with the steady advancement of pervasive technologies, ubiquitous network is evolving towards a ubiquitous, convergent, heterogeneous, multi-device coordinated, mobile connectable direction. In ubiquitous network environments, in order to overcome the impact of different forms of resources, independent network architecture and varied management mechanisms, how to coordinate the different terminals, heterogeneous network as well as diversified services for the user, and evolve its function and mode, these will be challenges for multi-device coordination based on ubiquitous network.
Holding such background, this thesis will focus on this topic with the mathematic help of pearson correlation coefficient, queue theory and so on. From a series of rational solutions of context-awareness service adaptation, QoS-oriented dynamic policy generation, multi-path transport control mechanism and cross-layer cooperation-based handover are proposed jointly with user similarity context, resources provisioning, admission control, available bandwidth measurement and load balancing. The major contributions of thie thesis are as the following:
(1) According to the variety of services, the preference of users and the scheduling of network resources in ubiquitous network scenarios, this thesis presents a context-aware service adaptation mechanism under ubiquitous network relying on user-to-object, space-time interaction patterns which helps to perform service adaptation according to user's contexts (such as preferences and habits), network context, service context and device context. Meanwhile, the proposed algorithm can effctively balance weighting factor of the user preferences and objective performance, by combining entropy theory and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process algorithm (FAHP). When similar users are equal to10, evaluation results prove that this mechanism can effectively increase the ratio of user satisfactory from0.7to5.5.
(2) Multi-device service continuity with adaptive resources provisioning under ubiquitous network is proposed by combining the proposed framework. On this basis, it integrates resource reservation, service priorities and service degradation. This mechanism can effectively decrease the ratio of handover blocking probability from11.6%to20%.
(3) A dynamic policy framework and its dynamic policy generation scheme are proposed for the problem that traditional policies cannot preferably get adapted to the ever-changing network. Based on the predicted information of the ever-changing network traffic, the mechanism chooses the template according to attributes and automatically produces dynamic policies through the analysis of network resources, extraction and standardization of key attributes. This makes the system management more and more automatic and autonomous. Finally, applying this dynamic policy generation scheme to ubiquitous network and further improving the system of load balancing from3.4%to11.7%.
(4) Considering transmission characteristics under ubiquitous network, some key factors that influence the performance of multi-path transmission are well analyzed, current status of the research and some difficult issues are pointed out to improve the performance of multi-path transmission. This thesis proposes bandwidth estimation extension and congestion control modifications for mSCTP-CMT to improve the transmission throughput in ubiquitous network scenarios. The main contribution is to estimate available bandwidth and then to make judgment about packets are lost due to network congestion or not in order to fully utilize the value of cwnd which can efficiently utilize of send buffer, especially when frequency of loss events. Based on available bandwidth estimation, this thesis proposes an improved SACK scheduling optimization scheme for improving the transmission throughput in the multipath transmission environments consisting of asymmetric paths. In the proposed scheme, the main contribution is that a multi-homed receiver senses bandwidth values of all available reverse paths and then distributes SACK packets to each path proportionally. Simulation results prove that the performance of the proposed scheme could improve the application throughput under packet loss rate and time varied.
(5) According to the perspective of multi-path transmission, a handover performance optimization scheme based on cross-layer cooperation is proposed. MIH module can collect the underlying link state information to complete discovery and handover decision in advance, and then transport layer module can complete the implementation of the follow-up handover process. Simulation results show that this scheme can effectively improve the application throughput.
In summary, this thesis conducts a research deeply into ubiquitous network for multi-device coordination, and some suggestions to the future research are listed.
引文
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