增强抗干扰设计的几何截断型定距方案及其实现
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摘要
激光近炸引信因具有定距精度高、空间锐截止、抗电磁干扰能力等特性,已经广泛应用于空空、空地和反坦克导弹等武器系统。
为了使激光近炸探测系统具备全天候作战能力,即在复杂战场背景下能够抵抗各种环境干扰和主动干扰,并能判别被攻击目标,需要在原有探测体制基础上进一步增强抗干扰设计。
本论文以某空地武器系统为延长服役时间、适应新的战术需求增加定距型近炸引信为背景,以加强激光定距系统抗干扰性能,提高系统定距可靠性并简化设计为重点,通过理论分析、系统仿真,设计验证,对激光定距系统的关键技术进行了研究。
方案设计方面,通过对已有激光定距系统的分析,得出了不同体制的选用原则。针对激光引信的具体应用需求,采用几何截断回波特征同步处理技术与高重复频率的编解码技术相结合增强系统抗主动干扰能力;利用脉冲测距技术和回波包络算法相配合提高定距可靠性。
技术实现方面,针对回波峰值包络信号处理技术设计了满足系统精度要求的峰值采集、处理电路;针对抗主动光电干扰功能的实现,首先分析了利用伪随机码作为抗干扰的可行性,并就编解码处理与定距算法的协同工作进行了电路原理与仿真设计;针对脉冲测距中回波信号幅度对测距精度的影响,设计了基于峰值电压反馈的脉冲信号自动增益控制方案,并进行了仿真及电路实测;通过几种常用的时间测量方法的对比,选择出适合近距脉冲测距的测量方案,设计了基于TDC的脉冲测距电路和软件。
Laser proximity fuze has been widely used in weapon systems such as air-to-air missile, air-to-surface missile and anti-tank missile and so on, because of its high ranging precision, space sharp cutoff and anti-electromagnetic interferences.
Laser proximity detecting device should provide all weather combat capability, that is to say, it can withstand various environment jamming and active jamming on the complex battlefield background, as well as identify target, and therefore, the anti-jamming design of primary detecting system should be improved.
In order to meet the new tactical requirements, a kind of proximity fuze with capability of ranging should be used in air-to-surface missile. Because of this background, this paper mainly studies how to improve performance of anti-jamming and system ranging reliability, as well as simplify the design of proximity fuze. Meanwhile, overall scheme and key technology of laser ranging system have been studied by theory analysis, system simulation and design validation,.
Design scheme: selecting principles for various systems have been obtained by analyzing the existing laser ranging system. For specific application requirements of laser fuze, the anti active jamming performance of system is improved by using synchronous processing technology of geometry intercept echo characteristics combined with coding decoding technology of high repeat frequency, and the ranging reliability is increased by using impulse ranging technology combined with echo envelope arithmetic.
Technology implementation: peak value acquisition and processing circuit is designed for satisfy with the system precision requirements of echo peak value envelope signal processing technology. First, the capability of anti active photo-electricity jamming is realized by analyzing the feasibility of using pseudo-random code, then circuit theory and simulation design for the cooperating of code decoding processing and ranging arithmetic have been carried out. Aimed at the effects of echo signal amplitude to ranging precision in impulse ranging, impulse signal auto gain control scheme is designed based on peak value voltage feedback, as well as simulating and circuit real measuring have been processed. By comprising several kinds of common time measuring methods, a suitable close range impulse measuring method has been selected, and impulse range circuit and software based on TDC has also been designed.
为了使激光近炸探测系统具备全天候作战能力,即在复杂战场背景下能够抵抗各种环境干扰和主动干扰,并能判别被攻击目标,需要在原有探测体制基础上进一步增强抗干扰设计。
本论文以某空地武器系统为延长服役时间、适应新的战术需求增加定距型近炸引信为背景,以加强激光定距系统抗干扰性能,提高系统定距可靠性并简化设计为重点,通过理论分析、系统仿真,设计验证,对激光定距系统的关键技术进行了研究。
方案设计方面,通过对已有激光定距系统的分析,得出了不同体制的选用原则。针对激光引信的具体应用需求,采用几何截断回波特征同步处理技术与高重复频率的编解码技术相结合增强系统抗主动干扰能力;利用脉冲测距技术和回波包络算法相配合提高定距可靠性。
技术实现方面,针对回波峰值包络信号处理技术设计了满足系统精度要求的峰值采集、处理电路;针对抗主动光电干扰功能的实现,首先分析了利用伪随机码作为抗干扰的可行性,并就编解码处理与定距算法的协同工作进行了电路原理与仿真设计;针对脉冲测距中回波信号幅度对测距精度的影响,设计了基于峰值电压反馈的脉冲信号自动增益控制方案,并进行了仿真及电路实测;通过几种常用的时间测量方法的对比,选择出适合近距脉冲测距的测量方案,设计了基于TDC的脉冲测距电路和软件。
Laser proximity fuze has been widely used in weapon systems such as air-to-air missile, air-to-surface missile and anti-tank missile and so on, because of its high ranging precision, space sharp cutoff and anti-electromagnetic interferences.
Laser proximity detecting device should provide all weather combat capability, that is to say, it can withstand various environment jamming and active jamming on the complex battlefield background, as well as identify target, and therefore, the anti-jamming design of primary detecting system should be improved.
In order to meet the new tactical requirements, a kind of proximity fuze with capability of ranging should be used in air-to-surface missile. Because of this background, this paper mainly studies how to improve performance of anti-jamming and system ranging reliability, as well as simplify the design of proximity fuze. Meanwhile, overall scheme and key technology of laser ranging system have been studied by theory analysis, system simulation and design validation,.
Design scheme: selecting principles for various systems have been obtained by analyzing the existing laser ranging system. For specific application requirements of laser fuze, the anti active jamming performance of system is improved by using synchronous processing technology of geometry intercept echo characteristics combined with coding decoding technology of high repeat frequency, and the ranging reliability is increased by using impulse ranging technology combined with echo envelope arithmetic.
Technology implementation: peak value acquisition and processing circuit is designed for satisfy with the system precision requirements of echo peak value envelope signal processing technology. First, the capability of anti active photo-electricity jamming is realized by analyzing the feasibility of using pseudo-random code, then circuit theory and simulation design for the cooperating of code decoding processing and ranging arithmetic have been carried out. Aimed at the effects of echo signal amplitude to ranging precision in impulse ranging, impulse signal auto gain control scheme is designed based on peak value voltage feedback, as well as simulating and circuit real measuring have been processed. By comprising several kinds of common time measuring methods, a suitable close range impulse measuring method has been selected, and impulse range circuit and software based on TDC has also been designed.
引文
[1]张冀飞,邓方林,陈卫栋.弹道导弹激光引信方案设计.红外与激光工程,2004, 33(3):248-252
[2]李玉清.近20年来国外导弹引信技术研究与发展概况.制导与引信,2002, 23(3):1-8
[3]情报组.兵器快讯.西安:第二一二研究所情报资料中心,2003:25-29
[4]马宝华.战争、技术与引信.探测与控制学报. 2001,23(1):1-6
[5]张祥金.脉冲激光近程定距系统设计理论及应用研究.南京理工大学博士学位论文
[6]何苗.激光威胁信息识别与激光有源干扰模式技术.辽宁工学院硕士学位论文
[7] C8051F52x/52xA/53x/53xA 8/4/2 kB ISP Flash MCU Family SILICON LABS
[8]付伟,付朝.光电对抗概述.激光与红外,21(2):56-61
[9]樊凌涛.激光对抗与反对抗策略.航空兵器,1992, No.2:29-34
[10]冯包根.海军激光对抗的现状与发展趋势.舰载武器,1999, No.3:38-43
[11]付伟.激光对抗技术发展动态.激光与红外,21(2):34-36
[12]时家明,王峰.国外陆军光电对抗装备综述.现代军事, 2005, No.10:40-42
[13]胡江华,周建勋,张保民.激光对抗技术.红外与激光技术,1994, No.6:1-4
[14]王海燕.光电对抗技术和装备的现状及未来.舰船科学技术,2002,24(4):34-38
[15]孙盛禹.光电探测与对抗.电光系统,2001,No.1:11-19
[16]蒋庆全. 21世纪舰载激光有源干扰技术探析.舰船电子工程,2002, No.2:2-9
[17]付伟.反空地导弹的光电对抗技术. 0八一科技:17-22
[18]凌永顺,徐英.光电对抗技术装备及其发展.现代军事,2005,No.10:28-29
[19]林可祥,王一飞.伪随机码的原理与应用.人民邮电出版社
[20]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理.国防工业出版社
[21] MAX 3000A Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet. Altera Corporation
[22] EDA先锋工作室王诚等. Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇).人民邮电出版社
[23]赵大龙,秦来贵,霍玉晶.脉冲激光测距接收技术的研究.光电技术应用,2005,20(3):19-21
[24]冯颖,张合.激光接收电路数字电位器法可变增益控制.探测与控制学报,2009,31(4):9-13
[25]陈炳林,张河,纪铁刚.基于自动增益控制的激光近炸引信技术.激光杂志,2004,25(1):11-14
[26]周海胜,王栋臣,马建中.可变增益放大器的实现方法.仪表技术与传感器,2001,(7):24-27
[27]陈千颂,杨成伟.间测距关键技术进展.激光与红外,2002,31(1):17-21
[28] W.Waddoup,R.Stubbs. A Simple Time Stretcher with High Resolution. Nuclear Instrument and Metholds,1976,13(7):603-604
[29]吴刚,李春来,刘银年.脉冲激光测距系统中高精度时间间隔测量模块的研究.红外与毫米波学报,2007,26(3):213-222
[30]仲峰,万莉萍,岳宇军.高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP2在激光测距中的应用.业控制计算机,2007,20(4),69-71
[31]赵欣,戚俊,涂碧海.激光测距系统中基于TDC-GP1的飞行时间测量.量子电子学报,2007,24(1),96-99
[32] K.Park,J.Park. Time-to-digital converter of very high pluse stretching ratio for digital storage oscilloscopes. Review of Scientific Instrument, 1999,70(2):1568-1574
[33] TDC-GP2 Universal 2Channel Time-to-Digital Converter Datasheet. ACAM.
[2]李玉清.近20年来国外导弹引信技术研究与发展概况.制导与引信,2002, 23(3):1-8
[3]情报组.兵器快讯.西安:第二一二研究所情报资料中心,2003:25-29
[4]马宝华.战争、技术与引信.探测与控制学报. 2001,23(1):1-6
[5]张祥金.脉冲激光近程定距系统设计理论及应用研究.南京理工大学博士学位论文
[6]何苗.激光威胁信息识别与激光有源干扰模式技术.辽宁工学院硕士学位论文
[7] C8051F52x/52xA/53x/53xA 8/4/2 kB ISP Flash MCU Family SILICON LABS
[8]付伟,付朝.光电对抗概述.激光与红外,21(2):56-61
[9]樊凌涛.激光对抗与反对抗策略.航空兵器,1992, No.2:29-34
[10]冯包根.海军激光对抗的现状与发展趋势.舰载武器,1999, No.3:38-43
[11]付伟.激光对抗技术发展动态.激光与红外,21(2):34-36
[12]时家明,王峰.国外陆军光电对抗装备综述.现代军事, 2005, No.10:40-42
[13]胡江华,周建勋,张保民.激光对抗技术.红外与激光技术,1994, No.6:1-4
[14]王海燕.光电对抗技术和装备的现状及未来.舰船科学技术,2002,24(4):34-38
[15]孙盛禹.光电探测与对抗.电光系统,2001,No.1:11-19
[16]蒋庆全. 21世纪舰载激光有源干扰技术探析.舰船电子工程,2002, No.2:2-9
[17]付伟.反空地导弹的光电对抗技术. 0八一科技:17-22
[18]凌永顺,徐英.光电对抗技术装备及其发展.现代军事,2005,No.10:28-29
[19]林可祥,王一飞.伪随机码的原理与应用.人民邮电出版社
[20]樊昌信,曹丽娜.通信原理.国防工业出版社
[21] MAX 3000A Programmable Logic Device Family Data Sheet. Altera Corporation
[22] EDA先锋工作室王诚等. Altera FPGA/CPLD设计(基础篇).人民邮电出版社
[23]赵大龙,秦来贵,霍玉晶.脉冲激光测距接收技术的研究.光电技术应用,2005,20(3):19-21
[24]冯颖,张合.激光接收电路数字电位器法可变增益控制.探测与控制学报,2009,31(4):9-13
[25]陈炳林,张河,纪铁刚.基于自动增益控制的激光近炸引信技术.激光杂志,2004,25(1):11-14
[26]周海胜,王栋臣,马建中.可变增益放大器的实现方法.仪表技术与传感器,2001,(7):24-27
[27]陈千颂,杨成伟.间测距关键技术进展.激光与红外,2002,31(1):17-21
[28] W.Waddoup,R.Stubbs. A Simple Time Stretcher with High Resolution. Nuclear Instrument and Metholds,1976,13(7):603-604
[29]吴刚,李春来,刘银年.脉冲激光测距系统中高精度时间间隔测量模块的研究.红外与毫米波学报,2007,26(3):213-222
[30]仲峰,万莉萍,岳宇军.高精度时间测量芯片TDC-GP2在激光测距中的应用.业控制计算机,2007,20(4),69-71
[31]赵欣,戚俊,涂碧海.激光测距系统中基于TDC-GP1的飞行时间测量.量子电子学报,2007,24(1),96-99
[32] K.Park,J.Park. Time-to-digital converter of very high pluse stretching ratio for digital storage oscilloscopes. Review of Scientific Instrument, 1999,70(2):1568-1574
[33] TDC-GP2 Universal 2Channel Time-to-Digital Converter Datasheet. ACAM.