基于长江干线AIS的航运物流信息综合运用关键技术研究
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摘要
长江是我国第一、世界第三大河,干流流经七省二市,流域总面积一百八十余万平方公里,是我国唯一贯穿东、中、西部的运输大通道,素有“黄金水道”之称。党中央、国务院特别是交通运输部高度重视长江航运信息化建设工作,AIS(Automatic Identification System)系统作为长江干线信息化系统的重要组成部分,是交通运输部“十一五”期重点建设项目,并于2011年正式投入使用。
为了充分利用长江干线AIS资源及后期开发,2010年交通运输部规划研究院委托作者进行了“长江干线AIS应用系统”项目研究,旨在利用长江干线AIS岸基系统提供的网络和信息资源,向船舶用户提供信息服务,为航运安全监管部门提供监管信息和手段,为航务管理部门和港航企业提供信息化、现代化的管理平台。
本论文在前期长江干线AIS应用研究的基础上,研究设计了基于长江干线AIS的航运物流信息综合运用平台,在此创新平台上开展了“航运物流、船联网及航运安全、绿色航道维护及安全保障”三个方面综合应用的若干关键技术研究,提炼出以下相关研究成果：
1.构建基于长江干线AIS的航运物流信息综合运用平台。在对长江干线AIS系统概述后,提出了基于VB(Visual Basic)语言的AIS信息解码方法。设计出航运物流综合运用平台组织结构图,明确了各相关部门需要从平台上获取的信息。针对航运物流信息数据库的异构特征,依次从集成模型、运作流程、体系结构等方面来研究航运物流信息数据库异构技术。在上述成果的基础上,设计了航运物流信息综合运用平台结构,并指出平台的航运物流、船联网及航运安全、绿色航道维护及安全保障三大模块拟解决的综合创新应用关键技术。分析了影响航运物流信息综合运用平台运行的主要因素；首次提出了基于自适应理论解决AIS通信阻塞的技术方案；探讨了通过评估船舶危险度来使AIS工作模式自适应转换的关键技术,以保障航运物流信息综合运用平台有效平稳地运行。
2.在航运物流信息综合运用平台的基础上,开展了航运物流的关键技术研究。对货主、货代、物流公司、船东、船代及航运公司等供需信息分析后,明晰了物流、航运部门同这一创新平台的信息流动机制。对船舶供需信息浏览查询、货物供需信息查询等航运物流综合运用关键技术进行了研究。采用电子海图作为显示平台,抽取航运物流信息,并实时更新,解决了航运物流过程监控关键技术问题。
3.在航运物流信息综合运用平台的基础上,开展了船联网及航运安全的关键技术研究。在介绍了船联网的基本概念后,开展了基于长江干线AIS的船联网及航运安全技术研究。给出船联网组网方案,并研究其相关应用功能。针对危险品船舶特性,首次提出船舶预警领域概念,并由此实现危险品船舶实时监控。结合长江流域船舶驾驶员操船习性,开发了AIS的船舶安全预警汉字发布技术,显著改善长江干线船舶航行安全状况。提出并实现了基于移动VTS技术的船舶安全应急措施,有效地提升了船联网确保船舶安全的能力。
4.在航运物流信息综合运用平台的基础上,开展了绿色航道维护及安全保障的关键技术研究。研究开发了基于AIS的虚拟航标技术,为实船论证虚拟航标系统提供理论基础,亦为航道绿色建养提供支撑技术。开发了航道水深实时监控技术,对辨识船舶通航安全、掌握航道水深变化情况等起着积极作用。采用神经网络技术开发了基于AIS的船舶交通流量自动统计软件,实现了船舶交通流量自动统计功能创新。分析了长江典型航段的交通流量分布规律。建立了高度自动化的航道通过能力预测模型并进行了提高航道维护能力的应用研究。提出了利用AIS信息对航道通航安全进行评估的创新应用关键技术,引领航道绿色保障技术。
本研究力图通过充分利用现有资源,经济、高效地搭建协同创新平台,深度挖掘和开发航运物流信息综合运用平台的在航运物流、船联网及航运安全、绿色航道维护及安全保障等方面的创新服务功能。在此创新平台上的研究成果必将为推动长江黄金水道建设提供强有力的技术支撑,为保障长江干线航运安全、提升产业升级发挥积极重要的作用。
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world. Its main stream flows through seven provinces and two cities, with the watershed area more than1.8million square kilometers. Furthermore, it is the only transportation corridor which runs across the eastern, central and western of our country, known as "Golden waterway". Many attentions have been paid to the shipping information construction of the Yangtze River. As a great role in the information systems of the Yangtze River route, Automatic Identification System (AIS) belongs to the "Eleven-Five" key construction projects of the Ministry of transport, and was officially put into use in2011.
To make full use of the resources of Yangtze's AIS, The author is entrusted to carry out the research named "the application system of Yangtze's AIS" by the traffic planning research institute of the Ministry. This project aims at providing the vessel with information services, furnishing regulatory information and means for the shipping safety supervision department, and providing the shipping management department and the shipping enterprises with excellent management platforms, which is featured by informatization and modernization.
Based on the former achievements related to AIS application of the Yangtze River mainstream, the integrated shipping logistics information platform has been put forward coorespondingly. With this platform, several key techniques sequentially from the perspective of the shipping logistics, the ship-connect network, and the maintaince and safety security of the green fairways have been comprehensively studied. Within this dissertation, the following achievements have been reached.
Firstly, the integrated shipping logistics information platform has been constructed based on the AIS information of the trunk line of Yangtze River. After the overview of AIS, the AIS information decoding method based on VB language has been proposed. Organization structure of the platform is designed, and the information that each department should fetch from the platform are defined exhaustively. When comes to the heterogeneous characteristics of the shipping logistics information database, the study has been orderly carried out from the integrated model, the process and the architecture of the heterogeneous database. Then, the structure of the integrated shipping logistics information platform has been implemented. Within this platform, the key techniques that the shipping logistics, the ship-connect network, and the maintaince and safety security of the green fairways would confront with are addressed. The factors affect the stability of the platform are pointed out. For the first time, the technique based on adaptive technology programmes was devised to address AIS communication block problem. With our approach, the platform stability can be doubtless guaranteed.
Secondly, based on our proposed platform, the key technologies of shipping and logistics have been studied. After analyzing the supply and demand information of shippers, freight forwarders, logistics companies and shippers, the information flow mechanism between logistics, shipping companies and the platform are clarified. The browse and inquery techniques related to the supply and demand information on ship and goods are stated. Using electronic charts as display platforms, shipping and logistics information extracted and updated in real time. Then, the critical monitoring technology of shipping and logistics process are resolved successfully.
Thirdly, based on our proposed platform, the key technologies of ship-connect network and maritime safety have been studied. The networking scheme of the ship-connect network is proposed. The early warning concept field for the hazardous cargo ship was first proposed, and the real-time monitoring techniques are achieved. The ship security alert publishing technology which displayed with Chinese character is developed. With this technique, the Yangtze navigation security situation would be improved substantially. The marine security emergency response measures based on mobile VTS technology are proposed and implemented, with this technique, the safety of ships ensurance capability of the ship-connect network would be enhanced effectively.
Finally, based on our proposed platform, the key technologies of the maintaince and safety security of the green fairways have been studied. The virtual buoy navigation system which based on AIS is put forward subtly. The real-time monitoring technology for waterway depth is developed. With this approach, we can identify the navigational safety for ships and acquire the changed water depth information with ease. Based on AIS information, the automatical statistics software developed by artificial neural network technology can be used to calculate the vessel traffic flow. To analysis the traffic flow distribution, one typical sector of the Yangtze River are chosen. High automatical Channel capacity prediction model is established and conducted applied research to improve waterway maintenance capabilities. The waterway navigation safety assessment techniques based on AIS information which leading the fairway green security technologies remarkably are proposed.
This dissertation seeks to make full use of the existing resources, economic, and efficient constructing the integrated shipping logistics information platform. Within this platform, the three key facets which are the shipping logistics, the ship-conncet network, and the maintenance and security of the green fairway are studied elaborately. Research results on this innovation platform will facilitate the construction of the Yangtze Golden waterway, and promote industrial upgrading of the Yangtze River evidently.
为了充分利用长江干线AIS资源及后期开发,2010年交通运输部规划研究院委托作者进行了“长江干线AIS应用系统”项目研究,旨在利用长江干线AIS岸基系统提供的网络和信息资源,向船舶用户提供信息服务,为航运安全监管部门提供监管信息和手段,为航务管理部门和港航企业提供信息化、现代化的管理平台。
本论文在前期长江干线AIS应用研究的基础上,研究设计了基于长江干线AIS的航运物流信息综合运用平台,在此创新平台上开展了“航运物流、船联网及航运安全、绿色航道维护及安全保障”三个方面综合应用的若干关键技术研究,提炼出以下相关研究成果：
1.构建基于长江干线AIS的航运物流信息综合运用平台。在对长江干线AIS系统概述后,提出了基于VB(Visual Basic)语言的AIS信息解码方法。设计出航运物流综合运用平台组织结构图,明确了各相关部门需要从平台上获取的信息。针对航运物流信息数据库的异构特征,依次从集成模型、运作流程、体系结构等方面来研究航运物流信息数据库异构技术。在上述成果的基础上,设计了航运物流信息综合运用平台结构,并指出平台的航运物流、船联网及航运安全、绿色航道维护及安全保障三大模块拟解决的综合创新应用关键技术。分析了影响航运物流信息综合运用平台运行的主要因素；首次提出了基于自适应理论解决AIS通信阻塞的技术方案；探讨了通过评估船舶危险度来使AIS工作模式自适应转换的关键技术,以保障航运物流信息综合运用平台有效平稳地运行。
2.在航运物流信息综合运用平台的基础上,开展了航运物流的关键技术研究。对货主、货代、物流公司、船东、船代及航运公司等供需信息分析后,明晰了物流、航运部门同这一创新平台的信息流动机制。对船舶供需信息浏览查询、货物供需信息查询等航运物流综合运用关键技术进行了研究。采用电子海图作为显示平台,抽取航运物流信息,并实时更新,解决了航运物流过程监控关键技术问题。
3.在航运物流信息综合运用平台的基础上,开展了船联网及航运安全的关键技术研究。在介绍了船联网的基本概念后,开展了基于长江干线AIS的船联网及航运安全技术研究。给出船联网组网方案,并研究其相关应用功能。针对危险品船舶特性,首次提出船舶预警领域概念,并由此实现危险品船舶实时监控。结合长江流域船舶驾驶员操船习性,开发了AIS的船舶安全预警汉字发布技术,显著改善长江干线船舶航行安全状况。提出并实现了基于移动VTS技术的船舶安全应急措施,有效地提升了船联网确保船舶安全的能力。
4.在航运物流信息综合运用平台的基础上,开展了绿色航道维护及安全保障的关键技术研究。研究开发了基于AIS的虚拟航标技术,为实船论证虚拟航标系统提供理论基础,亦为航道绿色建养提供支撑技术。开发了航道水深实时监控技术,对辨识船舶通航安全、掌握航道水深变化情况等起着积极作用。采用神经网络技术开发了基于AIS的船舶交通流量自动统计软件,实现了船舶交通流量自动统计功能创新。分析了长江典型航段的交通流量分布规律。建立了高度自动化的航道通过能力预测模型并进行了提高航道维护能力的应用研究。提出了利用AIS信息对航道通航安全进行评估的创新应用关键技术,引领航道绿色保障技术。
本研究力图通过充分利用现有资源,经济、高效地搭建协同创新平台,深度挖掘和开发航运物流信息综合运用平台的在航运物流、船联网及航运安全、绿色航道维护及安全保障等方面的创新服务功能。在此创新平台上的研究成果必将为推动长江黄金水道建设提供强有力的技术支撑,为保障长江干线航运安全、提升产业升级发挥积极重要的作用。
The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and the third longest river in the world. Its main stream flows through seven provinces and two cities, with the watershed area more than1.8million square kilometers. Furthermore, it is the only transportation corridor which runs across the eastern, central and western of our country, known as "Golden waterway". Many attentions have been paid to the shipping information construction of the Yangtze River. As a great role in the information systems of the Yangtze River route, Automatic Identification System (AIS) belongs to the "Eleven-Five" key construction projects of the Ministry of transport, and was officially put into use in2011.
To make full use of the resources of Yangtze's AIS, The author is entrusted to carry out the research named "the application system of Yangtze's AIS" by the traffic planning research institute of the Ministry. This project aims at providing the vessel with information services, furnishing regulatory information and means for the shipping safety supervision department, and providing the shipping management department and the shipping enterprises with excellent management platforms, which is featured by informatization and modernization.
Based on the former achievements related to AIS application of the Yangtze River mainstream, the integrated shipping logistics information platform has been put forward coorespondingly. With this platform, several key techniques sequentially from the perspective of the shipping logistics, the ship-connect network, and the maintaince and safety security of the green fairways have been comprehensively studied. Within this dissertation, the following achievements have been reached.
Firstly, the integrated shipping logistics information platform has been constructed based on the AIS information of the trunk line of Yangtze River. After the overview of AIS, the AIS information decoding method based on VB language has been proposed. Organization structure of the platform is designed, and the information that each department should fetch from the platform are defined exhaustively. When comes to the heterogeneous characteristics of the shipping logistics information database, the study has been orderly carried out from the integrated model, the process and the architecture of the heterogeneous database. Then, the structure of the integrated shipping logistics information platform has been implemented. Within this platform, the key techniques that the shipping logistics, the ship-connect network, and the maintaince and safety security of the green fairways would confront with are addressed. The factors affect the stability of the platform are pointed out. For the first time, the technique based on adaptive technology programmes was devised to address AIS communication block problem. With our approach, the platform stability can be doubtless guaranteed.
Secondly, based on our proposed platform, the key technologies of shipping and logistics have been studied. After analyzing the supply and demand information of shippers, freight forwarders, logistics companies and shippers, the information flow mechanism between logistics, shipping companies and the platform are clarified. The browse and inquery techniques related to the supply and demand information on ship and goods are stated. Using electronic charts as display platforms, shipping and logistics information extracted and updated in real time. Then, the critical monitoring technology of shipping and logistics process are resolved successfully.
Thirdly, based on our proposed platform, the key technologies of ship-connect network and maritime safety have been studied. The networking scheme of the ship-connect network is proposed. The early warning concept field for the hazardous cargo ship was first proposed, and the real-time monitoring techniques are achieved. The ship security alert publishing technology which displayed with Chinese character is developed. With this technique, the Yangtze navigation security situation would be improved substantially. The marine security emergency response measures based on mobile VTS technology are proposed and implemented, with this technique, the safety of ships ensurance capability of the ship-connect network would be enhanced effectively.
Finally, based on our proposed platform, the key technologies of the maintaince and safety security of the green fairways have been studied. The virtual buoy navigation system which based on AIS is put forward subtly. The real-time monitoring technology for waterway depth is developed. With this approach, we can identify the navigational safety for ships and acquire the changed water depth information with ease. Based on AIS information, the automatical statistics software developed by artificial neural network technology can be used to calculate the vessel traffic flow. To analysis the traffic flow distribution, one typical sector of the Yangtze River are chosen. High automatical Channel capacity prediction model is established and conducted applied research to improve waterway maintenance capabilities. The waterway navigation safety assessment techniques based on AIS information which leading the fairway green security technologies remarkably are proposed.
This dissertation seeks to make full use of the existing resources, economic, and efficient constructing the integrated shipping logistics information platform. Within this platform, the three key facets which are the shipping logistics, the ship-conncet network, and the maintenance and security of the green fairway are studied elaborately. Research results on this innovation platform will facilitate the construction of the Yangtze Golden waterway, and promote industrial upgrading of the Yangtze River evidently.
引文
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