3GPP LTE上行链路关键技术研究
摘要
当今通信市场发展迅猛，通信技术发展日新月异，移动通信界为了适应和满足移动通信市场的需求，并应对以WiMAX为核心的宽带接入阵营激烈的竞争，3GPP／3GPP2组织尚未完善B3G各种标准的情况下，提出了在3GPP长期演进(LTE)和3GPP2空中接口演进(AIE)项目，也称为E3G，它是以OFDM／OFDMA作为核心技术，即兼容目前的3G通信系统并对3G演进，又与B3G远景接近。正交频分复用(OFDM)技术有很多优势：频谱效率高、带宽扩展能力强、抗多径衰落和易于实现MIMO等，这些有点足以使它成为下一代移动通信的主流技术，也是众多无线接入技术的热门候选技术。但是由于OFDM／OFDMA的峰均值比(PAPR)特别高，极大的增加了终端的成本和耗电量，所以它不适合未来移动通信系统中的上行链路传输，因此这里提出了一种基于OFDM的单载波技术—DFT-SOFDM(DFT Spread OFDM)，它能够很好降低OFDM传输符号的PAPR，满足未来移动通信系统中上行链路传输的要求。为了研究3GPP LTE关键技术，本文设计并实现了一个通用、客观的仿真平台，来对DFT-SOFDM和OFDMA进行研究。
本文主要分为三个部分，第一部分主要介绍B3G、E3G出现的背景，基本特征及最新研究进展状况，并介绍了E3G链路关键技术，第二部分介绍了基于OFDM技术的E3G系统关键技术的仿真平台设计与和开发，其中，仿真平台的设计与开发分为两个阶段：链路级仿真平台开发和系统级仿真平台的开发。第三部分是仿真平台的应用基于此仿真平台研究了3GPP LTE上行链路关键技术DFT-SOFDM和OFDMA，重点研究了DFT-SOFDM技术，并从物理层和MAC层上对DFT-SOFDM和OFDMA的链路性能进行评估，从理论上说明DFT-SOFDM技术的优越性。同时3GPP LTE会议提交了评估文档。
Nowadays telecommunications market is developing quickly and telecommunications technologies are improving rapidly. To adapt to and meet the demands of the mobile communications market, 3GPP/3GPP2 has come up with the project of 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Air Interface Evolution,which is also called E3G. E3G takes OFDM/OFDMA as its core technologies, which enable its compatibility with and evolution of current 3G telecommunicatios sytems, and its closeness with B3G vision. However, the very high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) of OFDM increases dramatically the cost and power consumption of terminals, so it is not suitable to use OFDM/OFDMA in Up Link(UL) technology in future mobile communications systems. Therefore DFT-SOFDM (DFT Spread OFDM), an OFDM-based single carrier technology that could effectively decrease the PAPR in signal transmission of OFDM and therefore meet the requrement of UL access technology in future mobile communications systems, is put forward in this paper.
This article is divided into 3 parts. In the first part, describing the B3G and E3G's latest evolution, and key technologies. In the second part, the design and development of the simulation platform for OFDM-based E3G key technologies is introduced. The design and development for the simulation platform comprises 2 phases: the development of the link-level simulation platform and the development of the system-level simulation platform. In the third part, the research result for LTE UL,mainly DFT-SOFDM technology, are summerized,with carrying out the simulation platform.
本文主要分为三个部分，第一部分主要介绍B3G、E3G出现的背景，基本特征及最新研究进展状况，并介绍了E3G链路关键技术，第二部分介绍了基于OFDM技术的E3G系统关键技术的仿真平台设计与和开发，其中，仿真平台的设计与开发分为两个阶段：链路级仿真平台开发和系统级仿真平台的开发。第三部分是仿真平台的应用基于此仿真平台研究了3GPP LTE上行链路关键技术DFT-SOFDM和OFDMA，重点研究了DFT-SOFDM技术，并从物理层和MAC层上对DFT-SOFDM和OFDMA的链路性能进行评估，从理论上说明DFT-SOFDM技术的优越性。同时3GPP LTE会议提交了评估文档。
Nowadays telecommunications market is developing quickly and telecommunications technologies are improving rapidly. To adapt to and meet the demands of the mobile communications market, 3GPP/3GPP2 has come up with the project of 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Air Interface Evolution,which is also called E3G. E3G takes OFDM/OFDMA as its core technologies, which enable its compatibility with and evolution of current 3G telecommunicatios sytems, and its closeness with B3G vision. However, the very high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio(PAPR) of OFDM increases dramatically the cost and power consumption of terminals, so it is not suitable to use OFDM/OFDMA in Up Link(UL) technology in future mobile communications systems. Therefore DFT-SOFDM (DFT Spread OFDM), an OFDM-based single carrier technology that could effectively decrease the PAPR in signal transmission of OFDM and therefore meet the requrement of UL access technology in future mobile communications systems, is put forward in this paper.
This article is divided into 3 parts. In the first part, describing the B3G and E3G's latest evolution, and key technologies. In the second part, the design and development of the simulation platform for OFDM-based E3G key technologies is introduced. The design and development for the simulation platform comprises 2 phases: the development of the link-level simulation platform and the development of the system-level simulation platform. In the third part, the research result for LTE UL,mainly DFT-SOFDM technology, are summerized,with carrying out the simulation platform.
引文
[1]．彭木根，王文博等编著，TD-SCDMA移动通信系统机械工业出版社，2005年，1-24；
[2]．杨大成等，CDMA2000 1X移动通信系统，机械：机械工业出版社，2003年，6-13，22-45，48-58；
[3]．陈泽强，周华，付景兴等编译，Harri Holma Antti Toskala著，WDMA技术与系统设计，机械工业出版社，2005年；
[4]．马静，栗欣，B3G移动通信关键技术及标准化进展，通信标准与质量网，专家论坛，2005年6月；
[5]．通信产业网，4G的技术演进道路及趋势报告，未米移动通信论坛，2007年1月；
[6]．万屹，超3G(Beyond IMT-2000)的现状和发展，通信标准与质量信息网，2004年11月；
[7]. S. Kaiser and K. Fazel, "A spread-spectrum multi-carrier multiple-access system for mobile communications," in Proc. International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum (MC-SS'97), 1997;
[8]. IEEE-802.11 (P802.11a/D6.0), LAN/MAN specific requirements-Part 2: Wireless MAC and PHY specifications-high speed physical layer in the 5 GHz band, 1999.
[9]. IEEE 802.16ab-01/01, Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems;
[10]．朱禹淘，宽带无线疾行后3G时代，通信产业报，2005年10月；
[11]．沈嘉，3G、WiMAX与半路杀出的E3G，通信产业报，2005年8月；
[12]．胡海波，3G长期演进技术—E3G，世界电信，2006年4月；
[13]．王志勤，林辉，杜颖，3G演进型标准化进程，中兴通信技术，第12卷2期，2006年4月；
[14]. R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Communications Systems. Artech House, Inc.,2004;
[15]．任立刚，宋梅，乔强国，宋俊德等，“MIMO-OFDM新一代移动通信核心技术，”china data communications，No．10，oct．2003；
[16]. D. Tse and R Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Cambridge University Press, 2005;
[17]．廖丽君，葛万成，“单载波频域均衡系统的研究”，广东通信技术，2005．4；
[18]. H. Sari and G. Karam, "Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access for the return channel on CATV networks," European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT), vol.9, 1998;
[19]. 3GPP TR 25.814 "Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA",V1.2.2,Mar 2004;
[20]. 3GPP TSG-RAN1 R1-040642 "Comparison of PAR and Cubic Metric for Power De-rating",Mortorola,May 10-14 2004;
[21]. 3GPP TR 25.892,"Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for UTRAN enhancement",V6.0,Jun 2004;
[22]. 3GPP2 C.R.1002, cdma2000 Evaluation Methodology(V1.1);
[23]. 3GPP TR 25.212," Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)",V7.0,Mar 2006;
[24]．彭力，袁超伟，黄韬，“一种新的降低MIMO-OFDM信号峰均比的方法”，中国新通信，2006年；
[25]. 3GPP TSG-RAN1,R1-050584," EUTRA Uplink Numerology and Design",Mortorla,June 20-21,2005;
[26]. 3GPP TSG-RAN 1,R1-050638,"Uplink Multiple Access scheme",LG Electronics,June 20-21,2005;
[27]. 3GPP TR 25.848,"Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access",V4.0,Mar 2001;
[28]．杨大成等，移动传播环境，机械工业出版社，2004年，2-98；
[29]. Theodore S.Rappaport etc. Wireless Communications Principles and Practice (Second Edition), Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Mar 2003;
[30]. 3GPP TR 25.996, Spatial channel model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) simulations,V6.1,Sep 2003;
[31]．张宗橙，纠错编码原理和应用，电子工业出版社，2003年，174-196；
[32]. S. Hara and R. Prasad, "DS-CDMA, MC-CDMA and MTCDMA for Mobile Multi-Media Communications," in Proc. VTC'96, vol. 2, May 1996;
[33]. J. Armstrong, "Peak-to-Average Power Reduction for OFDM by Repeated Clipping and Frequency Domain Filtering," Elect. Lett., vol. 38, no. 8, Feb. 2002, pp. 246-47.
[34]. H. Chen and M. Haimovish, "Iterative Estimation and Cancellation of Clipping Noise for OFDM Signals," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 7, no. 7, July 2003, pp. 305-07.
[35]. B.S. Krongold and D. L. Jones, "An Active Set Approach for OFDM PAR Reduction via Tone Reservation," IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc., vol. 52, no. 2, Feb. 2004, pp. 495-509.
[36]. C. Tellambura, "Improved Phase Factor Computation for the PAR Reduction of an OFDM Signal Using PTS," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no. 4, Apr. 2001, pp. 135-37.
[37]. Karsten Brueninghaus,David Astely, Thomas Salzer, Samuli Visuri,Angeliki Alexiou,Stephan Karger, Ghoahn-Ali Seraji,"Link Performance Models for System Level Simulantion of Broadband Radio Access System",IEEE 16th Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communicaitons,2005.
[38]. 3GPP TR 25.943," Deployment aspects",V6.0,Dec 2004.
[2]．杨大成等，CDMA2000 1X移动通信系统，机械：机械工业出版社，2003年，6-13，22-45，48-58；
[3]．陈泽强，周华，付景兴等编译，Harri Holma Antti Toskala著，WDMA技术与系统设计，机械工业出版社，2005年；
[4]．马静，栗欣，B3G移动通信关键技术及标准化进展，通信标准与质量网，专家论坛，2005年6月；
[5]．通信产业网，4G的技术演进道路及趋势报告，未米移动通信论坛，2007年1月；
[6]．万屹，超3G(Beyond IMT-2000)的现状和发展，通信标准与质量信息网，2004年11月；
[7]. S. Kaiser and K. Fazel, "A spread-spectrum multi-carrier multiple-access system for mobile communications," in Proc. International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread-Spectrum (MC-SS'97), 1997;
[8]. IEEE-802.11 (P802.11a/D6.0), LAN/MAN specific requirements-Part 2: Wireless MAC and PHY specifications-high speed physical layer in the 5 GHz band, 1999.
[9]. IEEE 802.16ab-01/01, Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems;
[10]．朱禹淘，宽带无线疾行后3G时代，通信产业报，2005年10月；
[11]．沈嘉，3G、WiMAX与半路杀出的E3G，通信产业报，2005年8月；
[12]．胡海波，3G长期演进技术—E3G，世界电信，2006年4月；
[13]．王志勤，林辉，杜颖，3G演进型标准化进程，中兴通信技术，第12卷2期，2006年4月；
[14]. R. Prasad, OFDM for Wireless Communications Systems. Artech House, Inc.,2004;
[15]．任立刚，宋梅，乔强国，宋俊德等，“MIMO-OFDM新一代移动通信核心技术，”china data communications，No．10，oct．2003；
[16]. D. Tse and R Viswanath, Fundamentals of Wireless Communication, Cambridge University Press, 2005;
[17]．廖丽君，葛万成，“单载波频域均衡系统的研究”，广东通信技术，2005．4；
[18]. H. Sari and G. Karam, "Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access for the return channel on CATV networks," European Transactions on Telecommunications (ETT), vol.9, 1998;
[19]. 3GPP TR 25.814 "Physical Layer Aspects for Evolved UTRA",V1.2.2,Mar 2004;
[20]. 3GPP TSG-RAN1 R1-040642 "Comparison of PAR and Cubic Metric for Power De-rating",Mortorola,May 10-14 2004;
[21]. 3GPP TR 25.892,"Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) for UTRAN enhancement",V6.0,Jun 2004;
[22]. 3GPP2 C.R.1002, cdma2000 Evaluation Methodology(V1.1);
[23]. 3GPP TR 25.212," Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)",V7.0,Mar 2006;
[24]．彭力，袁超伟，黄韬，“一种新的降低MIMO-OFDM信号峰均比的方法”，中国新通信，2006年；
[25]. 3GPP TSG-RAN1,R1-050584," EUTRA Uplink Numerology and Design",Mortorla,June 20-21,2005;
[26]. 3GPP TSG-RAN 1,R1-050638,"Uplink Multiple Access scheme",LG Electronics,June 20-21,2005;
[27]. 3GPP TR 25.848,"Physical layer aspects of UTRA High Speed Downlink Packet Access",V4.0,Mar 2001;
[28]．杨大成等，移动传播环境，机械工业出版社，2004年，2-98；
[29]. Theodore S.Rappaport etc. Wireless Communications Principles and Practice (Second Edition), Publishing House of Electronics Industry, Mar 2003;
[30]. 3GPP TR 25.996, Spatial channel model for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) simulations,V6.1,Sep 2003;
[31]．张宗橙，纠错编码原理和应用，电子工业出版社，2003年，174-196；
[32]. S. Hara and R. Prasad, "DS-CDMA, MC-CDMA and MTCDMA for Mobile Multi-Media Communications," in Proc. VTC'96, vol. 2, May 1996;
[33]. J. Armstrong, "Peak-to-Average Power Reduction for OFDM by Repeated Clipping and Frequency Domain Filtering," Elect. Lett., vol. 38, no. 8, Feb. 2002, pp. 246-47.
[34]. H. Chen and M. Haimovish, "Iterative Estimation and Cancellation of Clipping Noise for OFDM Signals," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 7, no. 7, July 2003, pp. 305-07.
[35]. B.S. Krongold and D. L. Jones, "An Active Set Approach for OFDM PAR Reduction via Tone Reservation," IEEE Trans. Sig. Proc., vol. 52, no. 2, Feb. 2004, pp. 495-509.
[36]. C. Tellambura, "Improved Phase Factor Computation for the PAR Reduction of an OFDM Signal Using PTS," IEEE Commun. Lett., vol. 5, no. 4, Apr. 2001, pp. 135-37.
[37]. Karsten Brueninghaus,David Astely, Thomas Salzer, Samuli Visuri,Angeliki Alexiou,Stephan Karger, Ghoahn-Ali Seraji,"Link Performance Models for System Level Simulantion of Broadband Radio Access System",IEEE 16th Symposium on Personal,Indoor and Mobile Radio Communicaitons,2005.
[38]. 3GPP TR 25.943," Deployment aspects",V6.0,Dec 2004.