浙江果业发展现状与产业提升对策研究
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摘要
水果是世界上最重要的经济作物之一,世界水果产业在过去10年中一直保持着较快的速度增长。果树生产是我国种植业的重要组成部分,果树业也是中国农民脱贫致富、奔小康的支柱产业之一。果树生产对振兴中国农村经济、增加农民收入、提高城乡人民生活水平、增进身体健康、改善生态环境等均起到了重要的促进作用。浙江省作为果树生产的重点省份之一,其产业水平、效益高低直接影响到广大果农的经济收入和生活质量。本论文在对浙江省果业现状作深入、系统调研的基础上,对浙江省果业如何转型升级与打造精品果业提出初步意见。
1.近年来浙江省水果产业发展的现状是:产业规模稳步发展,生产效益明显提升;商品化处理意识日益增强,加工水平有所提高;组织化程度不断加强,果品市场逐步扩大;先进科学技术逐步推广,品牌建设越趋重视;当前产业发展的主要问题是:良种繁育体系建设不完善,无病毒苗木生产还刚起步;果园生产设施还较落后,精品水果生产能力弱;缺乏一个保障水果产业持续发展的科技创新平台。
2.果业发展对策:实施种子种苗工程,推进现代化果树良种繁育体系建设;实施精品果业工程,发展特色精品基地;实施品牌推进计划,拓展国内外果品市场;实施产后保障计划,提升果品产后技术。
3.产业发展的政策建议:建立无病毒苗木示范补助资金,政府扶持建设省级常绿果树、落叶果树良种繁育基地;对果园生产设施的建设纳入财政补贴;建立水果科技创新平台。
4.柑桔产业提升方案:针对今年我省部分桔区品种结构不合理、品牌不强、品质不高,导致销售不畅的问题,必须制定切实有效的计划措施,全面提升我省柑桔产业水平。产业提升方案是:控制面积增长,优化调整品种结构,重点发展鲜食良种,提高单位面积生产效益;加强水利、电力、道路、植保等基地基础生产设施建设,增强现代化生产能力,提高精品生产率;运用先进商品化处理技术,提高果品处理能力,改进果品商品质量;扶持培育优势品牌,提高品牌知名度,拓展国内外市场;培育技术服务队、产销合作社等产业组织,提高产业组织化程度,推进专业化经营管理。
5.杨梅产业存在的主要问题与产业提升对策:存在的主要问题是成熟期和上市期过于集中;杨梅的基础研究十分薄弱;对杨梅的开发利用面还比较窄;贮运保鲜技术较为落后;杨梅的发展速度太快,某些地方存在有一定的盲目性。产业提升对策是:发掘现有杨梅种质资源,加强杨梅新品种的选育;适度控制发展规模,积极推进杨梅生产向优势区域集中;加强杨梅产后技术的研究开发;着力提高产品质量安全水平;加强市场多元化开发;利用杨梅共生固氮、适应性广、枝叶不易燃烧和抗重金属的特性,大力发展杨梅生态经济林。
Fruit is one of the most important cash crops, and fruit industry in the world maintained fast and continuous growth in the past 10 years. Planting fruit trees is an important part of Chinese crop farming. The fruit industry is also one of the important industries that helped farmers to become prosperous and fairly well-off. Cultivating fruit trees plays important roles in different aspects such as promoting the Chinese rural economy, raising peasants' income, improving people's living conditions both in city and countryside, enhancing people's health condition, making a better ecological environment and so on. As one of the major provinces that cultivate the fruit tree, Zhejiang Province's industrial level and economic benefit directly influences the income and the quality of life of the numerous fruit growers. This paper put forward some preliminary suggestions on innovating fruit industry and making more competitive fruit industry, based on the thorough and systematical investigation on the status of fruit industry in Zhejiang.
In recent years, the status of Zhejiang fruit industry development is as follows: the industrial scale developed steadily; the production efficiency improved obviously; the consciousness of commercial treatment strengthened gradually; the level of processing improved; the degree of organization enhanced constantly; the fruit market expanded step by step; the advanced science and technology transmitted gradually; the construction of brand was increasingly taken seriously. The main problems of its current status are as following: the construction of seed-breeding system was not perfect; the production of virus-free nursery stock has just broken the ice; facilities of the orchard were relatively far below the advanced level; the production capacity of competitive products was weak. There is still lack of a scientific and technical platform for innovation which can ensure fruit industry developing continuously.
The strategies for the developing fruit industry are as follows: putting the project of seeds and seedlings into practice and pushing forward the construction of modernized fruit tree stock breeding system; putting the project of competitive products of fruit industries into practice and developing a competitive and characteristic products platform; carrying out brand plan to expand the market at home and abroad; putting the supporting system into practice and promoting its technology after producing.
The policies recommended for the development of the fruit industrial are as following: establishing supplemental foundations on virus-free nursery stock as model, and constructing provincial breeding base for evergreen and deciduous fruit trees by the government; setting up fiscal subsidies on constructing the facilities in the orchard; building the scientific and technological innovation platform for the fruit industry.
The scheme for promoting the citrus industry is as follows: the practical and effective plans should be taken to promote the level of citrus industry roundly in Zhejiang to solve the problem of dull sale which resulted from the unreasonable breed structure, the weak brand competitiveness and the poor quality in some areas this year. The schemes to promote the fruit industry are as following: controlling the increase of productive areas, optimizing and adjusting the breed structure, prioritizing the fresh breed, improving the productive efficiency in unit area; reinforcing the construction of the basic facilities such as water conservancy, electric power, road, plant protection and so on, and strengthening the efficiency of modernizing production, raising the productivity of competitive products; applying the advanced technology on commercial processing, raising capacity of fruit treatment, and improving the fruit quality; supporting the advanced brand, enhancing the brand reputation, and expanding the domestic and foreign market; cultivating industrial organizations such as technical service team, supplying and marketing cooperative, raising the degree of industry organization, and pushing forward the specialized management.
The main problems and the strategies for promotion in bayberry industry are as follows: the maturation period and the scheduled time is excessively concentrated; the basic research for the bayberry is very weak; the exploitation and utilization of the bayberry is comparatively narrow; the technology for storage and transportation is behindhand; the developing speed of the bayberry industry is too fast, and there are also certain blindness in production in some areas. The strategies for promotion are as follows: exploiting the available germ plasm resource of bayberry, reinforcing the breeding of the new species of bayberry; controlling the developing scale moderately, promotion the bayberry production within an advanced and concentrated area; reinforcing the exploitation of the postpartum technology; raising its security level of the quality; strengthening the exploitation of market diversification; striving to develop an ecological and economic forest with the character of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, wide adaptability, no burn branches and the resistance to heavy metal in bayberry.
1.近年来浙江省水果产业发展的现状是:产业规模稳步发展,生产效益明显提升;商品化处理意识日益增强,加工水平有所提高;组织化程度不断加强,果品市场逐步扩大;先进科学技术逐步推广,品牌建设越趋重视;当前产业发展的主要问题是:良种繁育体系建设不完善,无病毒苗木生产还刚起步;果园生产设施还较落后,精品水果生产能力弱;缺乏一个保障水果产业持续发展的科技创新平台。
2.果业发展对策:实施种子种苗工程,推进现代化果树良种繁育体系建设;实施精品果业工程,发展特色精品基地;实施品牌推进计划,拓展国内外果品市场;实施产后保障计划,提升果品产后技术。
3.产业发展的政策建议:建立无病毒苗木示范补助资金,政府扶持建设省级常绿果树、落叶果树良种繁育基地;对果园生产设施的建设纳入财政补贴;建立水果科技创新平台。
4.柑桔产业提升方案:针对今年我省部分桔区品种结构不合理、品牌不强、品质不高,导致销售不畅的问题,必须制定切实有效的计划措施,全面提升我省柑桔产业水平。产业提升方案是:控制面积增长,优化调整品种结构,重点发展鲜食良种,提高单位面积生产效益;加强水利、电力、道路、植保等基地基础生产设施建设,增强现代化生产能力,提高精品生产率;运用先进商品化处理技术,提高果品处理能力,改进果品商品质量;扶持培育优势品牌,提高品牌知名度,拓展国内外市场;培育技术服务队、产销合作社等产业组织,提高产业组织化程度,推进专业化经营管理。
5.杨梅产业存在的主要问题与产业提升对策:存在的主要问题是成熟期和上市期过于集中;杨梅的基础研究十分薄弱;对杨梅的开发利用面还比较窄;贮运保鲜技术较为落后;杨梅的发展速度太快,某些地方存在有一定的盲目性。产业提升对策是:发掘现有杨梅种质资源,加强杨梅新品种的选育;适度控制发展规模,积极推进杨梅生产向优势区域集中;加强杨梅产后技术的研究开发;着力提高产品质量安全水平;加强市场多元化开发;利用杨梅共生固氮、适应性广、枝叶不易燃烧和抗重金属的特性,大力发展杨梅生态经济林。
Fruit is one of the most important cash crops, and fruit industry in the world maintained fast and continuous growth in the past 10 years. Planting fruit trees is an important part of Chinese crop farming. The fruit industry is also one of the important industries that helped farmers to become prosperous and fairly well-off. Cultivating fruit trees plays important roles in different aspects such as promoting the Chinese rural economy, raising peasants' income, improving people's living conditions both in city and countryside, enhancing people's health condition, making a better ecological environment and so on. As one of the major provinces that cultivate the fruit tree, Zhejiang Province's industrial level and economic benefit directly influences the income and the quality of life of the numerous fruit growers. This paper put forward some preliminary suggestions on innovating fruit industry and making more competitive fruit industry, based on the thorough and systematical investigation on the status of fruit industry in Zhejiang.
In recent years, the status of Zhejiang fruit industry development is as follows: the industrial scale developed steadily; the production efficiency improved obviously; the consciousness of commercial treatment strengthened gradually; the level of processing improved; the degree of organization enhanced constantly; the fruit market expanded step by step; the advanced science and technology transmitted gradually; the construction of brand was increasingly taken seriously. The main problems of its current status are as following: the construction of seed-breeding system was not perfect; the production of virus-free nursery stock has just broken the ice; facilities of the orchard were relatively far below the advanced level; the production capacity of competitive products was weak. There is still lack of a scientific and technical platform for innovation which can ensure fruit industry developing continuously.
The strategies for the developing fruit industry are as follows: putting the project of seeds and seedlings into practice and pushing forward the construction of modernized fruit tree stock breeding system; putting the project of competitive products of fruit industries into practice and developing a competitive and characteristic products platform; carrying out brand plan to expand the market at home and abroad; putting the supporting system into practice and promoting its technology after producing.
The policies recommended for the development of the fruit industrial are as following: establishing supplemental foundations on virus-free nursery stock as model, and constructing provincial breeding base for evergreen and deciduous fruit trees by the government; setting up fiscal subsidies on constructing the facilities in the orchard; building the scientific and technological innovation platform for the fruit industry.
The scheme for promoting the citrus industry is as follows: the practical and effective plans should be taken to promote the level of citrus industry roundly in Zhejiang to solve the problem of dull sale which resulted from the unreasonable breed structure, the weak brand competitiveness and the poor quality in some areas this year. The schemes to promote the fruit industry are as following: controlling the increase of productive areas, optimizing and adjusting the breed structure, prioritizing the fresh breed, improving the productive efficiency in unit area; reinforcing the construction of the basic facilities such as water conservancy, electric power, road, plant protection and so on, and strengthening the efficiency of modernizing production, raising the productivity of competitive products; applying the advanced technology on commercial processing, raising capacity of fruit treatment, and improving the fruit quality; supporting the advanced brand, enhancing the brand reputation, and expanding the domestic and foreign market; cultivating industrial organizations such as technical service team, supplying and marketing cooperative, raising the degree of industry organization, and pushing forward the specialized management.
The main problems and the strategies for promotion in bayberry industry are as follows: the maturation period and the scheduled time is excessively concentrated; the basic research for the bayberry is very weak; the exploitation and utilization of the bayberry is comparatively narrow; the technology for storage and transportation is behindhand; the developing speed of the bayberry industry is too fast, and there are also certain blindness in production in some areas. The strategies for promotion are as follows: exploiting the available germ plasm resource of bayberry, reinforcing the breeding of the new species of bayberry; controlling the developing scale moderately, promotion the bayberry production within an advanced and concentrated area; reinforcing the exploitation of the postpartum technology; raising its security level of the quality; strengthening the exploitation of market diversification; striving to develop an ecological and economic forest with the character of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, wide adaptability, no burn branches and the resistance to heavy metal in bayberry.
引文
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59.何新华,陈力耕.杨梅—我国生态重建的优良经济林果,福建热作科技,2002,27(4):42-43.
60.孙钧.加入WTO后浙江水果业的发展对策,柑桔与亚热带果树信息,2001,17(1):6-8.
61.陈怡.加强种苗工程建设、促进浙江果业发展,中国南方果树,2001,30(2):55-56.
62.王佳军.树立精品意识、发展精品果业,北方果树,2001,(3):32-33.
63.丁枫华,姜华丰.浙南山地生态果园建设,山地农业生物学报,2001,20(6):442-446.
64.来坚巨.论调整优化产业结构,再创杭州农业新优势.杭州研究,2000(4):5-7.
65.田郎.台湾种子种苗检测体系及技术,台湾农业探索,2000,(1):13-16.
66.谢小荣.大力推进种子种苗工程建设,农村改革与发展,2000,(6):8-9.
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