基于动态能力的软件企业知识积累模型研究
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摘要
随着数字化、信息化浪潮的到来,我们进入了一个以知识为典型标识的全新时代——知识经济时代。知识资源的获取、吸收、使用与创新已经成为影响企业成功的重要因素。软件企业作为典型的知识密集型企业,知识积累对其更是尤为重要。在这个技术知识日新月异、市场环境动荡不定的条件下,软件企业在掌握知识资源的同时也必须具备动态能力才能够获得持续的竞争优势。因此,如何将企业能力理论与企业知识积累想结合,从提升企业动态能力的角度对软件企业的知识积累问题进行研究成为了一个新的课题。
本文对软件企业知识积累的研究主要基于知识积累理论和动态能力理论。采用的研究方法主要有:文献研究法,阅读、分析国内外近二十年来有关知识积累和动态能力的文献资料,进行了归纳和对比;问卷调查法,对湖北省重点软件企业进行了问卷调查;并对问卷调查结果进行数据处理,通过因子分析最后得出结论,提出基于动态能力的软件企业知识积累模型。
本文的基本结论有:提出企业知识积累能力的函数表达式;企业的知识积累是知识选择、知识吸收和知识创新这三个环节不断循环的过程;软件知识具有高价值性、继承性、系统性、成本特性、快速更新等特性;软件企业可以通过环境洞察能力、快速反应能力、学习能力、知识运营能力、变革能力和组织柔性能力等六个方面的动态能力来提高知识积累的绩效。
本文首先介绍了研究背景与研究意义,在阅读大量该领域内的相关文献的基础上,详尽系统地分析了知识积累与动态能力的研究现状。通过大量的资料查阅分析总结了我国软件企业的发展现状与发展瓶颈,详尽深入地分析了印度软件产业成功的原因并思考总结了其成功经验对我国软件企业的启示。论文在对SECI原有模型进行扩展的基础上,通过分析企业知识积累的函数表达提出了企业知识积累的基础模型,并结合软件企业的知识特性分析了软件企业知识积累的内在机制。在动态能力的理论研究基础上结合软件企业动态能力的特征对知识积累模型进行了动态能力分析,并通过问卷调查对湖北省重点软件企业进行了实证研究,通过因子分析得出了对软件企业知识积累起着重要作用的六个方面的动态能力,并在此基础上提出了基于动态的软件企业知识积累模型。
本文对于软件企业知识积累的研究还有很多问题未能展开深入的研究,论文中还存在一些不足,希望在以后的研究和工作中得到进一步的完善。
With the arrival of the wave of digitization and informationization, we have entered a knowledge-typical new identity, a knowledge-based economic identity. The acquisition, absorption, use and innovation of knowledge resource have become an important factor affecting the business success. Software enterprise as a typical knowledge-intensive company, their accumulation of knowledge is very important. In the conditions of the ever-changing technical knowledge and volatile market, the software enterprises must have the dynamic capabilities with the mastery of knowledge resources, when they want to sustain the competitive advantage. Therefore, how an enterprise would like to combine the enterprise capabilities with the accumulation of knowledge, research on the accumulation of knowledge from the perspective of enhancing dynamic capabilities in software companies has become a new topic.
In this thesis, the research on the knowledge accumulation in software enterprises is mainly based on the theory of knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities. Approaches to the study are the method of literature research and questionnaire survey method, reading, analyzing the past two decades' literature about the knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities; having a questionnaire survey on the key software enterprises in Hubei Province, with processing the survey data, through the factor analysis having the conclusions, proposed the model of knowledge accumulation by the dynamic capabilities of software companies.
The conclusion of this thesis includes: the function expression of the knowledge accumulation capability; enterprise's knowledge accumulation is the circularly process unceasingly, which including the knowledge choice, the knowledge absorption and the knowledge innovation three links; the software knowledge has so many characteristics such as the high value feature, the inheritance feature, the systematic feature, the cost behavior, and the fast renewal feature; the software enterprise may enhances the performance of knowledge accumulates through these six dynamic capabilities: the see clearly capabilities of environment, the quick reaction capability, the study capability, the operation capability, the transformation capability and the organization's flexible capability.
This thesis introduces the background and significance of the research at first, on the base of reading a large number of the relevant literature in this field, analysis the research of knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities detailed and systematically, summarizes the situation and bottleneck of the development of software enterprises in China through a large number of information, analysis the reasons for the success of India's software industry, and summed up the inspiration of the successful experience for China's software enterprises. The thesis proposes a base model of knowledge accumulation by analyzing the knowledge accumulation's function, base on extending the original SECI model, and analysis the internal mechanism of software enterprises' knowledge accumulation, combined with the feature of software knowledge. It analyzes the base model of knowledge accumulation about the dynamic capabilities, combine with their feature, based on the theoretical study of them, conducts the empirical research about the key software enterprises in Hubei Province through a questionnaire survey, obtains the six aspects of dynamic capabilities through the factor analysis, which play an important role in the software enterprises' knowledge accumulation, and on this base propose the model of software enterprises' knowledge accumulation based on the dynamic capabilities.
Though a lot has been done here in the thesis, there are still some problems unsettled on the research on the knowledge accumulation of software enterprises, which will turn out to be some insufficiency. More researches are expected to be conducted to enrich and perfect the insufficiency of the dissertation.
本文对软件企业知识积累的研究主要基于知识积累理论和动态能力理论。采用的研究方法主要有:文献研究法,阅读、分析国内外近二十年来有关知识积累和动态能力的文献资料,进行了归纳和对比;问卷调查法,对湖北省重点软件企业进行了问卷调查;并对问卷调查结果进行数据处理,通过因子分析最后得出结论,提出基于动态能力的软件企业知识积累模型。
本文的基本结论有:提出企业知识积累能力的函数表达式;企业的知识积累是知识选择、知识吸收和知识创新这三个环节不断循环的过程;软件知识具有高价值性、继承性、系统性、成本特性、快速更新等特性;软件企业可以通过环境洞察能力、快速反应能力、学习能力、知识运营能力、变革能力和组织柔性能力等六个方面的动态能力来提高知识积累的绩效。
本文首先介绍了研究背景与研究意义,在阅读大量该领域内的相关文献的基础上,详尽系统地分析了知识积累与动态能力的研究现状。通过大量的资料查阅分析总结了我国软件企业的发展现状与发展瓶颈,详尽深入地分析了印度软件产业成功的原因并思考总结了其成功经验对我国软件企业的启示。论文在对SECI原有模型进行扩展的基础上,通过分析企业知识积累的函数表达提出了企业知识积累的基础模型,并结合软件企业的知识特性分析了软件企业知识积累的内在机制。在动态能力的理论研究基础上结合软件企业动态能力的特征对知识积累模型进行了动态能力分析,并通过问卷调查对湖北省重点软件企业进行了实证研究,通过因子分析得出了对软件企业知识积累起着重要作用的六个方面的动态能力,并在此基础上提出了基于动态的软件企业知识积累模型。
本文对于软件企业知识积累的研究还有很多问题未能展开深入的研究,论文中还存在一些不足,希望在以后的研究和工作中得到进一步的完善。
With the arrival of the wave of digitization and informationization, we have entered a knowledge-typical new identity, a knowledge-based economic identity. The acquisition, absorption, use and innovation of knowledge resource have become an important factor affecting the business success. Software enterprise as a typical knowledge-intensive company, their accumulation of knowledge is very important. In the conditions of the ever-changing technical knowledge and volatile market, the software enterprises must have the dynamic capabilities with the mastery of knowledge resources, when they want to sustain the competitive advantage. Therefore, how an enterprise would like to combine the enterprise capabilities with the accumulation of knowledge, research on the accumulation of knowledge from the perspective of enhancing dynamic capabilities in software companies has become a new topic.
In this thesis, the research on the knowledge accumulation in software enterprises is mainly based on the theory of knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities. Approaches to the study are the method of literature research and questionnaire survey method, reading, analyzing the past two decades' literature about the knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities; having a questionnaire survey on the key software enterprises in Hubei Province, with processing the survey data, through the factor analysis having the conclusions, proposed the model of knowledge accumulation by the dynamic capabilities of software companies.
The conclusion of this thesis includes: the function expression of the knowledge accumulation capability; enterprise's knowledge accumulation is the circularly process unceasingly, which including the knowledge choice, the knowledge absorption and the knowledge innovation three links; the software knowledge has so many characteristics such as the high value feature, the inheritance feature, the systematic feature, the cost behavior, and the fast renewal feature; the software enterprise may enhances the performance of knowledge accumulates through these six dynamic capabilities: the see clearly capabilities of environment, the quick reaction capability, the study capability, the operation capability, the transformation capability and the organization's flexible capability.
This thesis introduces the background and significance of the research at first, on the base of reading a large number of the relevant literature in this field, analysis the research of knowledge accumulation and dynamic capabilities detailed and systematically, summarizes the situation and bottleneck of the development of software enterprises in China through a large number of information, analysis the reasons for the success of India's software industry, and summed up the inspiration of the successful experience for China's software enterprises. The thesis proposes a base model of knowledge accumulation by analyzing the knowledge accumulation's function, base on extending the original SECI model, and analysis the internal mechanism of software enterprises' knowledge accumulation, combined with the feature of software knowledge. It analyzes the base model of knowledge accumulation about the dynamic capabilities, combine with their feature, based on the theoretical study of them, conducts the empirical research about the key software enterprises in Hubei Province through a questionnaire survey, obtains the six aspects of dynamic capabilities through the factor analysis, which play an important role in the software enterprises' knowledge accumulation, and on this base propose the model of software enterprises' knowledge accumulation based on the dynamic capabilities.
Though a lot has been done here in the thesis, there are still some problems unsettled on the research on the knowledge accumulation of software enterprises, which will turn out to be some insufficiency. More researches are expected to be conducted to enrich and perfect the insufficiency of the dissertation.
引文
[1]资料来源:《科技日报》2009年6月19日
[1]王建平.软件产业理论与实践[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2003:120-123.
[2]黄德福.中小软件企业:打造自己的核心竞争力[J].软件工程师,2002,1(4):21-23.
[3]彼得·德鲁克.巨变时代的管理[M].北京:机械工业出版,2000.
[4]Porter.The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].New York:New York Free Press,1990:34-37.
[5]Rosenberg I,Takeuchi H.The Knowledge Creating of the Company[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995:21-56.
[6]Penrose 1.Theory of the Growth of the Firm[M].London:Butterworthpress,1989.
[7]Dosi K V.Enabling the creation of knowledge about software asserts[J].Data Knowledge Engineering 2002,41(1):141-159.
[8]Leonard B.Organizational Learning and a Firm's Core Competence[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons Press,1994:214-249.
[9]Sidney Winter.Understanding the Process of Knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation[J].Management Information Systems Quarterly,1996(4):301-312.
[10]戚啸艳,胡汉辉.基于过程的知识资本管理模式研究[J].科研管理,2007(7):81-87.
[11]钱省三,龚一之.科技知识的市场价值及其知识资本的形成模型[J].科学学研究,1998,90(2):53-59.
[12]赵文平,王汉坤.知识资本积累的微观机制研究[J].情报科学,2006(1):25-28.
[13]王开明,万君康.企业知识资本的形成与持续[J].外国经济与管理,2001(5):4-48.
[14]刘伟,向刚.组织持续创新过程:从知识累积到持续学习的新视角[J].经济问题探索,2003,(8):43-45
[15]Teece D.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management journal,1997.
[16]Eisenhardt & Martin.Knowledge Management and knowledge management Systems:Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues[J].Management Information Systems Quarterly,2000,25(1),PP:107-136.
[17]Subba B.The network as knowledge:Generative rules and the emergence of structure[J].Strategic Management Journal Special Issue,2001(45):405-425.
[18]Zollo & Winter.Dynamic Capabilities:A Basis for The Competitive Advantage in Firms[J].Organizational Behavior and Haman Decision Processes,2002(5):150-169.
[19]Zott A.Copyright and Patent Issues for Competitive Advantage[M].New York:Quorum Books Press,2003.
[20]董俊武,黄江圳,陈震红,等.基于知识的动态能力演化模型研究[J].中国工业经济,2004(2):23-24.
[21]古利平,张宗益.动态能力的构建:一个演进的观点[J].科技管理研究,2005(10):82-84
[22]王海峰.印度软件产业的成功因素[J].全球科技经济了望,2001(7):28-29.
[23]Richard Heeks ＆ Brian Nicholson.Software export Success factors and strategies in "follower" nations[J].Asia-Pacific Economic Review,2002(3)
[24]旧竹内弘高,野中次郎.知识管理理论及案例研究[M].北京:北京知识产权出版社,2006:139-145.
[25]凌雯雯.基于动态核心能力的跨国企业知识积累过程研究[D].西北工业大学企业管理硕士论文,2006
[26]任永平.中小企业信用评价指标体系探讨现代经济探讨[J].现代经济探讨,2001(4):60-62.
[27]王润良.知识管理的维度与策略[J].中国软科学,2001(6):56-58.
[28]王翔.企业动态能力演化理论和实证研究[J].科研管理,2002(4):24-25.
[29]黄德福.中小软件企业:打造自己的核心竞争力[J].软件工程师,2002,1(04):12-13.
[30]谢丞.企业知识产权战略与提升企业核心竞争力[J].经济与社会发展,2006,(3):34-35.
[31]Gupta.Intellectual Property Rights:Mothering Innovations to Markets[J].World Patent Information,2000(22):43-52.
[32]李顺才,邹珊刚.知识流动机理的三维分析模式[J].武汉华中科技大学学报,2003(4):34-39.
[33]丁晓峰.经济增长过程中知识积累效应的混沌经济模型[J].自然辩证法研究,1997(10):3-9.
[34]王润良.知识管理的维度与策略[J].中国软科学,2001(6):18-19.
[35]姚小涛.以知识积累为基础的企业竞争战略观[J].中国软科学,2001(2):36-38.
[36]刘淑娟.台湾信息硬件产业知识管理的实证研究[D].云林科技大学企业管理技术研究所博士论文,2000.
[37]高洪深,丁娟娟.企业知识管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:134-145.
[38]王开明,万君康.论知识的转移和扩散[J].外国经济与管理,2000(3):23-25.
[39]张桂玲.我国企业知识管理研究述评[J].图书情报工作,2003(4):16-18
[40]Amidom R.Strategic Assets and Organization Rent[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993.
[41]徐健.组织柔性:内涵、理论演化与未来的研究方向[J].科学进步与对策,2006(3):12-14.
[42]赵修一坦.组织学习与知识整合[J].科研管理,2003(3):23-25.
[43]吕彦主.计算机软件知识产权保护研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2005:85-86.
[1]王建平.软件产业理论与实践[M].北京:中国经济出版社,2003:120-123.
[2]黄德福.中小软件企业:打造自己的核心竞争力[J].软件工程师,2002,1(4):21-23.
[3]彼得·德鲁克.巨变时代的管理[M].北京:机械工业出版,2000.
[4]Porter.The Competitive Advantage of Nations[M].New York:New York Free Press,1990:34-37.
[5]Rosenberg I,Takeuchi H.The Knowledge Creating of the Company[M].New York:Oxford University Press,1995:21-56.
[6]Penrose 1.Theory of the Growth of the Firm[M].London:Butterworthpress,1989.
[7]Dosi K V.Enabling the creation of knowledge about software asserts[J].Data Knowledge Engineering 2002,41(1):141-159.
[8]Leonard B.Organizational Learning and a Firm's Core Competence[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons Press,1994:214-249.
[9]Sidney Winter.Understanding the Process of Knowledge transfer to achieve successful technological innovation[J].Management Information Systems Quarterly,1996(4):301-312.
[10]戚啸艳,胡汉辉.基于过程的知识资本管理模式研究[J].科研管理,2007(7):81-87.
[11]钱省三,龚一之.科技知识的市场价值及其知识资本的形成模型[J].科学学研究,1998,90(2):53-59.
[12]赵文平,王汉坤.知识资本积累的微观机制研究[J].情报科学,2006(1):25-28.
[13]王开明,万君康.企业知识资本的形成与持续[J].外国经济与管理,2001(5):4-48.
[14]刘伟,向刚.组织持续创新过程:从知识累积到持续学习的新视角[J].经济问题探索,2003,(8):43-45
[15]Teece D.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management journal,1997.
[16]Eisenhardt & Martin.Knowledge Management and knowledge management Systems:Conceptual Foundations and Research Issues[J].Management Information Systems Quarterly,2000,25(1),PP:107-136.
[17]Subba B.The network as knowledge:Generative rules and the emergence of structure[J].Strategic Management Journal Special Issue,2001(45):405-425.
[18]Zollo & Winter.Dynamic Capabilities:A Basis for The Competitive Advantage in Firms[J].Organizational Behavior and Haman Decision Processes,2002(5):150-169.
[19]Zott A.Copyright and Patent Issues for Competitive Advantage[M].New York:Quorum Books Press,2003.
[20]董俊武,黄江圳,陈震红,等.基于知识的动态能力演化模型研究[J].中国工业经济,2004(2):23-24.
[21]古利平,张宗益.动态能力的构建:一个演进的观点[J].科技管理研究,2005(10):82-84
[22]王海峰.印度软件产业的成功因素[J].全球科技经济了望,2001(7):28-29.
[23]Richard Heeks ＆ Brian Nicholson.Software export Success factors and strategies in "follower" nations[J].Asia-Pacific Economic Review,2002(3)
[24]旧竹内弘高,野中次郎.知识管理理论及案例研究[M].北京:北京知识产权出版社,2006:139-145.
[25]凌雯雯.基于动态核心能力的跨国企业知识积累过程研究[D].西北工业大学企业管理硕士论文,2006
[26]任永平.中小企业信用评价指标体系探讨现代经济探讨[J].现代经济探讨,2001(4):60-62.
[27]王润良.知识管理的维度与策略[J].中国软科学,2001(6):56-58.
[28]王翔.企业动态能力演化理论和实证研究[J].科研管理,2002(4):24-25.
[29]黄德福.中小软件企业:打造自己的核心竞争力[J].软件工程师,2002,1(04):12-13.
[30]谢丞.企业知识产权战略与提升企业核心竞争力[J].经济与社会发展,2006,(3):34-35.
[31]Gupta.Intellectual Property Rights:Mothering Innovations to Markets[J].World Patent Information,2000(22):43-52.
[32]李顺才,邹珊刚.知识流动机理的三维分析模式[J].武汉华中科技大学学报,2003(4):34-39.
[33]丁晓峰.经济增长过程中知识积累效应的混沌经济模型[J].自然辩证法研究,1997(10):3-9.
[34]王润良.知识管理的维度与策略[J].中国软科学,2001(6):18-19.
[35]姚小涛.以知识积累为基础的企业竞争战略观[J].中国软科学,2001(2):36-38.
[36]刘淑娟.台湾信息硬件产业知识管理的实证研究[D].云林科技大学企业管理技术研究所博士论文,2000.
[37]高洪深,丁娟娟.企业知识管理[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003:134-145.
[38]王开明,万君康.论知识的转移和扩散[J].外国经济与管理,2000(3):23-25.
[39]张桂玲.我国企业知识管理研究述评[J].图书情报工作,2003(4):16-18
[40]Amidom R.Strategic Assets and Organization Rent[J].Strategic Management Journal,1993.
[41]徐健.组织柔性:内涵、理论演化与未来的研究方向[J].科学进步与对策,2006(3):12-14.
[42]赵修一坦.组织学习与知识整合[J].科研管理,2003(3):23-25.
[43]吕彦主.计算机软件知识产权保护研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2005:85-86.