黑龙江省硅藻无壳缝目、短壳缝目和单壳缝目植物分类及生态分布的初步研究
|
摘要
黑龙江省位于我国的东北边陲,有着特殊的地理位置和特有的气候特征,藻类资源相对丰富,但其区系分类研究较为薄弱。硅藻是一类种类多、数量大、分布广的真核自养型水生生物,在水生生态系统及生物环境监测中具有重要的作用,是国际区系分类学和生态学研究活跃的植物类群。
1981年至2009年间,由本实验室的多名研究人员在黑龙江省多个地区进行藻类标本采集,本文所涉及的标本近128号,采集时间一般在4月-9月之间采集,最高水温27℃、最低水温为-1℃,pH范围在5.5-8.4之间。利用光镜和扫描电镜对其中硅藻的无壳缝目,短壳缝目和单壳缝目植物进行了鉴定和描述,共鉴定硅藻90个分类单位,包括61种22变种2变型5亚种,隶属3目3科11属,所有种类均附有数码照片。
无壳缝目共发现7属:四环藻属(Tetracyclus),平板藻属(Tebellaria),等片藻属(Diatoma),扇形藻属(Meridion),星杆藻属(Asterionella),脆杆藻属(Syndra),针杆藻属(Fragilaria),共47个分类单位,包括33种13变种1变型。占所发现三目硅藻数目的52%。
短壳缝目共发现1属:短缝藻属(Eunotia),共23个分类单位,包括17种5变种1变型。
曲壳藻目共发现3属:卵形藻属(Cocconeis),曲壳藻属(Achnanthes),弯楔藻属(Rhoicosphenia),共20个分类单位,包括11种4变种5亚种。
其中针杆藻属(Syndra)、脆杆藻属(Fragilaria)、短缝藻属(Eunotia)、曲壳藻属(Achnanthes)4个属的硅藻数量占所发现种类的81.1%。
同时,对黑龙江省硅藻种类的分布、生态分布特点及其区系特征进行了初步的分析和探讨:
1、本文涉及的无壳缝目,短壳缝目和单壳缝目硅藻属于典型浮游型的种类较少,浮游或附生种类的较多;低电解质型、低-中电解质型硅藻所占比例较大,其中短壳缝目硅藻比其他两个目硅藻更喜低电解质的生境;无壳缝目硅藻更适中性水体,短壳缝更喜酸性环境,而曲壳藻更喜中性及碱性环境;黑龙江省冷水种较常见,温水种偶见;无壳缝目硅藻存在的范围较广,从贫营养型水体至富营养水体都可能出现,而短壳缝目和单壳缝目硅藻更喜贫营养型的水体。
2、大兴安岭出现较多的喜贫营养或贫-中营养的种类,还发现了一些喜酸性和喜冷水的种类;小兴安岭地区的硅藻组成类型与大兴安岭相似,以喜低电解质、低pH值、贫营养、冷水的种类为主要区系特征;张广才岭和老爷岭区域的硅藻种类组成以喜低电解质、中性、贫营养的冷水种类为主要区系特征,且与兴安岭明显不同;本研究中无壳缝目硅藻在松嫩平原的分布达64%,其中,喜中-高电解质种类比例增加,喜酸性种类、喜碱性的种类同时出现;三江平原与松嫩平原相比,无壳缝目硅藻所占比例下降,喜中至高电解质种类比例减少,喜酸性种类和喜碱性种类并存,喜贫营养种类有所增加。
本文对黑龙江省无壳缝目,短壳缝目和单壳缝目硅藻植物的分类及生态特点进行了初步研究,为我国藻类资源的调查提供重要的基础资料。
Heilongjiang province locates in Northeastern of China, and there are especial positon and peculiar climate characterisyic. There are very abundance algae esources in this place, but few research of algae flora taxonomy had been done. Diatoms, as a major group of autotrophic and eukaryotic algae, are one of the most common types of phytoplankton found in almost every aquatic habitat. The character of diatom communities are a popular tool commonly used in monitoring environmental conditions and water quality.
From 1981 to 2009, Samples were collected from some places in Heilongjiang province. 128 specimens had been collected from April to September. The surface water temperature varied from -1℃to 27℃. The pH level fluctuated between 5.5 and 8.4 . Araphidiales, Raphidionales, Monoraphidinales were observed and identified by Light microscope and SEM, 90 taxa have been reported, including 61 species, 22 varieties, 2 forms, 5 subspecies, which belong to 11 genera, 3 families, 3 orders. Each taxon was described and illustrated with one digital photograph.
In Araphidiales, 7 genera (Tetracyclus, Tebellaria, Diatoma, Meridion, Asterionella, Syndra, Fragilaria) and 47 taxa had been identified , including 33 species, 13 varieties, 1 forms.
In Raphidionales, 1 genus (Eunotia) 23 taxa had been identified , including 17 species, 5 varieties, 1 forms.
In Monoraphidinales, 3 genera (Cocconeis, Achnanthes, Rhoicosphenia) and 20 taxa had been identified , including 11 species, 4 varieties, 5 subspecies. In present stuied, Syndra、Fragilaria、Eunotia and Achnanthes were accounted for 81.1% of total taxa.
The character of species composition and distribution in Heilongjiang province were discussed preliminarily. It as follows:
1.The most taxa of Araphidiales, Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales are epiphytic and a few taxa are typical planktonic. Of the three order, there are plenty of taxa belonged to low and low-to-moderate electrolytic species.Compared with the others two order, some species of Raphidionales prefer low electrolytic waters. The taxa of Araphidiales prefer circumneutral waters, the taxa of Raphidionales prefer acid waters and the taxa of Monoraphidinales prefer circumneutral and alkalescent waters; The cold-water species always found in Heilongjiang Province and the warm-water species were accidental. The taxa of Araphidiales were in different nutrition waters, the most taxa of Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales prefer oligotrophic waters.
2. In Da Higgnan Mountains, there were many oligotrophic species, meso-oligotrophic species, acidophil species and alpine cold-water species found. In Xiao Higgnan Mountains, there were some low electrolytic species, acidophil species, oligotrophic species and cold-water species reported. Most taxa of Araphidiales, Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales from Zhangguangcai Mountain and Laoye Mountain belonged to low electrolytic species, neutral species, oligotrophic species and cold-water species. In Song-Nen Plain, accounted for 64% of Araphidiales taxa idenfied in this stuided area, some meso-eutrophic species were found increasedly, and some acidophil species, alkalescent species were found also. Compared with Song-Nen Plain, there are fewer taxa of Araphidiales in Sanjiang Plain, but oligotrophic species were reported increasedly.
In this paper, the preliminary study on Araphidiales, Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales from Heilongjiang Province would provide an important data for the algae resource investigation in China.
1981年至2009年间,由本实验室的多名研究人员在黑龙江省多个地区进行藻类标本采集,本文所涉及的标本近128号,采集时间一般在4月-9月之间采集,最高水温27℃、最低水温为-1℃,pH范围在5.5-8.4之间。利用光镜和扫描电镜对其中硅藻的无壳缝目,短壳缝目和单壳缝目植物进行了鉴定和描述,共鉴定硅藻90个分类单位,包括61种22变种2变型5亚种,隶属3目3科11属,所有种类均附有数码照片。
无壳缝目共发现7属:四环藻属(Tetracyclus),平板藻属(Tebellaria),等片藻属(Diatoma),扇形藻属(Meridion),星杆藻属(Asterionella),脆杆藻属(Syndra),针杆藻属(Fragilaria),共47个分类单位,包括33种13变种1变型。占所发现三目硅藻数目的52%。
短壳缝目共发现1属:短缝藻属(Eunotia),共23个分类单位,包括17种5变种1变型。
曲壳藻目共发现3属:卵形藻属(Cocconeis),曲壳藻属(Achnanthes),弯楔藻属(Rhoicosphenia),共20个分类单位,包括11种4变种5亚种。
其中针杆藻属(Syndra)、脆杆藻属(Fragilaria)、短缝藻属(Eunotia)、曲壳藻属(Achnanthes)4个属的硅藻数量占所发现种类的81.1%。
同时,对黑龙江省硅藻种类的分布、生态分布特点及其区系特征进行了初步的分析和探讨:
1、本文涉及的无壳缝目,短壳缝目和单壳缝目硅藻属于典型浮游型的种类较少,浮游或附生种类的较多;低电解质型、低-中电解质型硅藻所占比例较大,其中短壳缝目硅藻比其他两个目硅藻更喜低电解质的生境;无壳缝目硅藻更适中性水体,短壳缝更喜酸性环境,而曲壳藻更喜中性及碱性环境;黑龙江省冷水种较常见,温水种偶见;无壳缝目硅藻存在的范围较广,从贫营养型水体至富营养水体都可能出现,而短壳缝目和单壳缝目硅藻更喜贫营养型的水体。
2、大兴安岭出现较多的喜贫营养或贫-中营养的种类,还发现了一些喜酸性和喜冷水的种类;小兴安岭地区的硅藻组成类型与大兴安岭相似,以喜低电解质、低pH值、贫营养、冷水的种类为主要区系特征;张广才岭和老爷岭区域的硅藻种类组成以喜低电解质、中性、贫营养的冷水种类为主要区系特征,且与兴安岭明显不同;本研究中无壳缝目硅藻在松嫩平原的分布达64%,其中,喜中-高电解质种类比例增加,喜酸性种类、喜碱性的种类同时出现;三江平原与松嫩平原相比,无壳缝目硅藻所占比例下降,喜中至高电解质种类比例减少,喜酸性种类和喜碱性种类并存,喜贫营养种类有所增加。
本文对黑龙江省无壳缝目,短壳缝目和单壳缝目硅藻植物的分类及生态特点进行了初步研究,为我国藻类资源的调查提供重要的基础资料。
Heilongjiang province locates in Northeastern of China, and there are especial positon and peculiar climate characterisyic. There are very abundance algae esources in this place, but few research of algae flora taxonomy had been done. Diatoms, as a major group of autotrophic and eukaryotic algae, are one of the most common types of phytoplankton found in almost every aquatic habitat. The character of diatom communities are a popular tool commonly used in monitoring environmental conditions and water quality.
From 1981 to 2009, Samples were collected from some places in Heilongjiang province. 128 specimens had been collected from April to September. The surface water temperature varied from -1℃to 27℃. The pH level fluctuated between 5.5 and 8.4 . Araphidiales, Raphidionales, Monoraphidinales were observed and identified by Light microscope and SEM, 90 taxa have been reported, including 61 species, 22 varieties, 2 forms, 5 subspecies, which belong to 11 genera, 3 families, 3 orders. Each taxon was described and illustrated with one digital photograph.
In Araphidiales, 7 genera (Tetracyclus, Tebellaria, Diatoma, Meridion, Asterionella, Syndra, Fragilaria) and 47 taxa had been identified , including 33 species, 13 varieties, 1 forms.
In Raphidionales, 1 genus (Eunotia) 23 taxa had been identified , including 17 species, 5 varieties, 1 forms.
In Monoraphidinales, 3 genera (Cocconeis, Achnanthes, Rhoicosphenia) and 20 taxa had been identified , including 11 species, 4 varieties, 5 subspecies. In present stuied, Syndra、Fragilaria、Eunotia and Achnanthes were accounted for 81.1% of total taxa.
The character of species composition and distribution in Heilongjiang province were discussed preliminarily. It as follows:
1.The most taxa of Araphidiales, Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales are epiphytic and a few taxa are typical planktonic. Of the three order, there are plenty of taxa belonged to low and low-to-moderate electrolytic species.Compared with the others two order, some species of Raphidionales prefer low electrolytic waters. The taxa of Araphidiales prefer circumneutral waters, the taxa of Raphidionales prefer acid waters and the taxa of Monoraphidinales prefer circumneutral and alkalescent waters; The cold-water species always found in Heilongjiang Province and the warm-water species were accidental. The taxa of Araphidiales were in different nutrition waters, the most taxa of Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales prefer oligotrophic waters.
2. In Da Higgnan Mountains, there were many oligotrophic species, meso-oligotrophic species, acidophil species and alpine cold-water species found. In Xiao Higgnan Mountains, there were some low electrolytic species, acidophil species, oligotrophic species and cold-water species reported. Most taxa of Araphidiales, Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales from Zhangguangcai Mountain and Laoye Mountain belonged to low electrolytic species, neutral species, oligotrophic species and cold-water species. In Song-Nen Plain, accounted for 64% of Araphidiales taxa idenfied in this stuided area, some meso-eutrophic species were found increasedly, and some acidophil species, alkalescent species were found also. Compared with Song-Nen Plain, there are fewer taxa of Araphidiales in Sanjiang Plain, but oligotrophic species were reported increasedly.
In this paper, the preliminary study on Araphidiales, Raphidionales and Monoraphidinales from Heilongjiang Province would provide an important data for the algae resource investigation in China.
引文
1 F. E. Round, R. M. Crawford. The Diatoms. Biology and Morphology of the Genera. Cambridge University Press, UK, 1990
2胡鸿钧.中国淡水藻类.上海科学技术出版社. 1979
3胡鸿钧.魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态.科学出版社. 2006
4 G. R. Hasle, E. E. Syvertsen, et al. Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. 1997: 5–385
5 H. Canter-Lund, J. W. G. Lund. Freshwater Algae. Biopress Limited. 1995
6 M. K. Kiss, G. Borics, Z.Gido, C. Deak. Littoral Macrophyte-periphyton Complexes in Two Hungarian Shallow Waters. Hydrobiologia. 2003, 506: 541-548
7 B. J. F. Biggs. Algal proliferations in New Zealand’s shallow stony foothills-fed rivers: Toward a predictive model. Verh-Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 1988, 23: 1405-1411
8 B. J. E. Biggs, Artificial substrate exposure times for periphyton biomass estimates in rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.1988, 22: 189-
199
9 P. M. Stewart, J. R. Pratt, R. L. Lowe. Diatom and Protozoan Accrual on Artificial Substrates in Lentic Habitats. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 1985, 104: 369-377
10赵洪石,何文,罗守全,贾兴涛,冯英俊,李正茂.硅藻土应用及研究进展.山东轻工业学院学报(自然科学版). 2007, (1):80-82
11李永振.广东沿岸发生赤潮的硅藻种类.台湾海峡. 2001, 2: 274-278
12 C. A. Agardh. Systema Algarum. A. Asher. 1824: 1-312
13 F. T. Kützing. Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen. 1844:
1-152
14 H. L. Smith. The Diatomaceae of Lake Michigan. The Lens. 1872 (1): 41-44
15 G. B. De Toni. Sylloge Algarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum/ Vol. 2, Bacillarieae. Sectio I. Raphideae.Typis Seminarrii, Patavii. 1891: 1-490
16 F. Schütt. Bacillariales (Diatomeae). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.Leipzig. 1896 (1): 31-150
17 G. Karsten. Abteillung Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) in Engler und A. Prantl, DieNatürlichen Pflanfamilien. Leipzig. 1928, 2: 105-303
18 F. Hustedt. Bacillariophyta(Diatomeae). A. Pascher,“Diesusswasserflora Mitteleuropas”. 1930 (in English, 1985)
19 F. W. Mills. An Index to the Genera and Species of the Diatomaceae and their Synonyms, Part 1-21.Wheldon & Wesley, Limited. London. 1816-1932
20 N. I. Hendey. The Plankton Diatoms of the Southern Seas. Discovery Reports. Cambridge at the University Press. 1937, 16: 151-364
21 R. W. Kolbe, E. G?lz. Elektronenmikroskopische Diatomeenstudien. Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 1943, 61: 91-98
22 C. W. Reimer, R.M. Patrick. The Diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 1. Fragilariaceae, Eunotoniaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1966: 1-688
23 S. L. Van Landingham. Catalogue of the Fossil and Recent Genera and Speices of Diatoms and their Synonyms. Part 1-8.Verlag Van. J. Gramer, Wemheim, Germany. 1967-1979
24 G. R. Hasle. Thalassiosira Subtilis (Bacillariophyceae) and Two Allied Species. Norwegian Journal of Botany. 1972, 19: 111-137
25 R. Simonsen. The Diatom System: ideas on phylogeny. Bacillaria. 1979, 2: 9-71
26 K. Krammer, H. Lange-Bertalot. Sü?wasserflora von Mitteleuropa Teil 2. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Stuttgart ; New York : Gustav Fischer, 1988
27 L.K. Medlin, I. Kaczmarska. Evolution of the Diatoms: V. Morphological and Cytological Support for the Major Clades and a Taxonomic Revision. Phycologia. 2004, 43: 245-270
28 P. J. Harrison, H. L. Conway, R. W. Holmes, C. O. Davis. Marine Diatoms Grown in Chemostats under Silicate or Ammonium Limitation.Ⅲ. Cellular Chemical Composition and Morphology of Chaetoceros Debilis, Skeletonema Costatum, and Thalassiosira Gravida. Springer-Verlag. 1977
29 E. E. Hansmann, H. K. Phinney. Effects of Logging on Periphyton in Coastal Streams of Oregon. Ecology. 1973, 54: 194-199
30 R. J. Stevenson, R .L. Lowe. Sampling and Interpretation of Algal Patterns forWater Quality Assessments. In“Rationale for Sampling and Interpretation of Ecological Data in the Assessment of Freshwater Ecosystems”. ASTM STP 894, Am. Soc. Test. Mater., Philadelphia. 1986
31 M. D. Morgan. Impact of Nutrient Enrichment and Alkalinization on Periphyton Communities in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Hydrobiol. 1987, 144: 233-241
32 D. Werner. The Biology of Diatoms. Botanical Monographs, University of California Press. 1977
33 J. M. O'Connell, E. D. Reavie, J. P. Smol. Assessment of Water Quality Rsing Epiphytic Diatom Assemblages on Cladophora from the St. Lawrence River. Diatom Research. 1997, 12(1): 55-70
34 H. Rothfritz, I. Jüttner, A. M. Suren, S. J. Ormerod. Epiphytic and Epilithic Diatom Communities along Environmental Gradients in the Nepalese Himalaya: Implications for the Assessment of Biodiversity and Water Quality. Arch Hydrobiol. 1997, 138: 465–482
35 N. Gómez. Use of Epipelic Diatoms for Evaluation of Water Quality in the Matanza-Riachuelo (Argentina), a Pampean Plain River. Water Res. 1998, 32: 2029–2034
36 N. Gómez. Epipelic Diatom from Matanza-Riachuelo River (Argentina), a Highly Polluted Basin from the Pampean Plain: biotic indices and multivariate analysis. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manage N. 1999, 2: 301–309
37 J. G. Winter, H. C. Duthie1. Stream Epilithic, Epipelic and Epiphytic Diatoms: Habitat Fidelity and Use in Biomonitoring. Aquatic Ecology. 2000(34):345-353
38 P. Jousé. Diatoms in the Surface Layer of the Sediments in the Sea of Okhotsk. Tr. Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.. 1957, 13: 164-220
39 P. Jousé. Diatoms in the Surface Layer of the Sediments in the bering Sea. Tr. Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.. 1960, 15: 171-205
40 N. I. Hendey. An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters. Part V: Bacillariophyceae (diatoms).Gt. Britain: Minist. Agric. Fish. Food, Fish Invest.. 1964
41 N. I. Hendey.The Diagnostic Value of Diatoms in Cases of Drowning. Medicine, Science, and the Law. 1973, 13: 23-34
42 Ehrenberg. Passatstaub und Blutregen; ein Grosses Organisches UnsichtbaresWirken und Leben in der Atmosph?re: K?nigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalische Abhandlungen. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wise.. 1847, 32: 269-460
43 F. W. Hutton. List of Diaomaceae Found in Washing of Weaweed from China. Jour. Proc. Dubin Micro. Cl.. 1865, 1:42
44 P. Petit. Diatoms Recoltrees sur les Huitres de Ningpo et de Nimrod Sound (China). Mem. Soc. Sci Cherbourg. 1880, 23: 202-208
45 R. Gutwinski. De algis, Praecipue Diatomaceis a Dre J. Holderer anno 1898. in Asia Centrali Atque in China Collectis. Bulletin International de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettre (Cracovie). Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles 1903(4): 201-227
46 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from a Mountain Bog, Kaolingtze, Pin-Chiang-Sheng Province. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 66(3): 343-362
47 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Argun River, Hsing-An-pei Province. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 66(1):43-74
48 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Chengtu,Szechwan, Western China. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 66(4): 478-496
49 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Khiangan Mountain, N.Manchuria, China. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1928, 35(1):39-51
50 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Poyang lake, Hunan, China. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1935, 57(4): 465-478
51 W. Skvotzow. Moss Diatoms from River gan in the Northern Part of Great Khingan Mountains, China with Description of a New Genera Porosularia Gen. Nov. from Northern & Southern China. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum. 1976, XXIX(3&4): 397-428
52 W. Skvotzow. Notes on Algal Flora of Manchoukuo I-IV. The Botanical Magazine. 1937, (607-610): 627-742
53 W. Skvotzow. On Some New Fresh-water Diatoms from Soochow, Province Kiangsu, middle China with 19 figures. Quart.J.Taiwan Mus.. 1971, 24(1/2): 59-65
54 W. Skvotzow. Suba?rial Diatom Flora from Hongkong, Asia. Quart.J.Taiwan Mus.. 1975, XXVIII (3&4) : 407-430
55 W. Skvotzow. Suba?rial Diatom from Pin-Chiang-Sheng Province, Manchoukuo. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 65(3):263-281
56 W. Skvotzow. Suba?rial Diatom from Shanghai. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 64(4): 443-451
57金德祥等.中国海洋浮游硅藻.科学技术出版社. 1965
58金德祥等.中国海洋底栖硅藻类.海洋出版社. 1982
59朱蕙忠.中国西藏硅藻.科学出版社. 2000
60金德祥.硅藻分类系统的探讨.厦门大学学报(自然科学版). 1978, 17: 31-50
61羊向东,王苏民,夏威岚,李万春.典型对应分析在青藏高原现代湖泊硅藻与环境研究中的应用.中国科学D辑, 2001; 273-279
62羊向东,王苏民;夏威岚;李万春. Application of CCA for Study on Modern Lake Diatoms and Environment in the Tibetan Plateau 2001; 343-350
63蒋辉,吕厚远,支崇远,羊向东.硅藻分析与第四纪定量古地理和古气候研究.第四季研究. 2002, 22: 113-122
64董旭辉,羊向东,王荣,潘红玺.长江中下游地区湖泊硅藻-总磷转换函数.湖泊科学, 2006, 18(1): 1-12
65尤庆敏.中国新疆硅藻区系分类初步研究.上海师范大学. 2006
66赵爱萍,刘福影,吴波等.上海淀山湖浮游植物.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2005 (04): 70-76
67钦娜,王全喜.福建金门岛的藻类植物.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2006,
35(1): 83-90
68吴琼,吴波,赵爱萍,刘妍,钦娜,曹建国,王全喜.长江口九段沙附近水体浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2007(1):
58-63
69吴波,陈德辉,吴琼,王全喜.黄浦江浮游植物群落结构及其对水环境的指示作用.武汉植物学研究. 2007, 25: 467-472
70朱蕙忠,陈嘉佑.安徽及黑龙江的一些淡水中心纲硅藻.武汉植物学研究. 1985(3) ; 56-60
71 K. Krammer, H. S. Lange-Bertalot. Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil, Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg. Berlin. 1997
72 K. Krammer, H. S. Lange-Bertalot. Bacillariophyceae. 4 Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erg?nzungen zu Achnanthes. l., Naviculas. Str., Gomphonema.Jena: Gustav Fisher Verlag. 1999
73 P. C. Silva. Names of Classes and Families of Living Algae: with Special Reference to Their Use in the Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Regnum Vegetabile. 1980
74 H. C. Lyngbye. Tentamen Hydrophytologiae Danicae Continens Omnia Hydrophyta Cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae Hucusque Cognita, Systematice Disposita, Descripta et Iconibus Illustrata, Adjectis Simul Speciebus Norvegicis. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae. 1819
75 P. C. Silva. Names of Classes and Families of Living Algae: with Special Reference to Their Use in the Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Regnum Vegetabile. 1980
76 P. T. Cleve. Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms, Part II. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar. 1895
77 Hustedt. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, ?sterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung derübrigen L?nder Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: L. Rabenhorst (ed.), Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, ?sterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h. Leipzig. 1933
78 Cleve-Euler. Die Diatomeen von Schweden und Finnland. Part III. Monoraphideae, Biraphideae 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handligar, ser. 4,, Vol: 4, Issue: 5. 1953
79齐雨藻,李家英等.中国淡水藻志,第十卷.科学出版社. 2004
80张盛学等.黑龙江省地理.黑龙江教育出版. 1987
81章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.科学出版社, 1991
82 Gasse. East African Diatoms, Taxonomy, Ecological Distribution. Berlin Stuttgart. 1986
83 R. L. Lowe. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. US EPA-670/4-75-005, National Environmental Research Center, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Projection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1974
84 D. M. Williams. Morphology, Taxonomy and Inter-relationships of the Ribbed Araphid Diatoms from the Genera Diatoma and Meridion (Diatomaceae: Bacillariophyta). Bibliotheca Diatomologica, Vol: 8. 1985
85 D. Antoniades, M. S. V. Douglas, J. P. Smol. Benthic Diatom Autecology and Inference Model Development from the Canadian High Arctic Archipelago. Journal of Phycology. 2005, 41: 30-45
86 A. Cleve-Euler. Das Bacillariaceenplankton in Gew?ssern bei Stockholm. III.über Gemeinden des schwach salzigen Wassers und eine neue Charakterart deselben. Arkiv für Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde, 1912, 7: 500-513
87 L. Geitler.über Differenzierung der Kettenkolonien von Diatoma elongatum und vulgare. ?sterr. Bot. Z. 1917, 119: 404-409
88 E. Ersanli, A.G?nülol. A Study on the Phytoplankton of Lake Simenit, Turkey. Cryptogamie, Algologie. 2006, 27: 289-305
89 H. Ettl, G. G?rtner. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer. 1995
90 L. Bagheri, R. Ramzannejad Ghadi. Epiphytic Algae of Miankaleh International Wetland ( North of Iran). 2008
91 S. Roberts, S. Sabater, J.Beardall. Benthic Microalgal Colonization in Streams of Differing Riparian Cover and Light Availability. Journal of Phycology. 2004, 40: 1004-1012
92 H. Ettl, G. G?rtner. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer. 1995
93 E. F. Stoermer, J.J. Yang. Plankton Diatom Assemblages in Lake Michigan. Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, GLRD Special Report No. 47. 1969
94 C. S. Reynolds. Artificial Induction of Surface Blooms of Cyanobacteria. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 638–643
95 S. A. Day, R. P. Wickham, T. J. Entwisle, P. A. Tyle. Bibliographic Check-list of Non-marine Algae in Australia. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 4. 1995
96 E. F. Stoermer, T.B. Ladewski. Apparent Optimal Temperatures for the Occurrence of Some Common Phytoplankton Species in Souther Lake Michigan. Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, GLRD Special Report No. 18. 1976
97 K. Szabó, K. T. Kiss, G. Taba,é.ács. Epiphytic diatoms of the Tisza River, Kisk?re Reservoir and some oxbows of the Tisza River after the cyanide and heavy metalpollution in 2000. Acta Botanica Croatica, 64 :1-46
98 M. Aboal, M. Alvarez Cobelas, J. Cambra, L. Ector. Floristic List of Non-marine Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) of Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands. Updated taxonomy and bibliography. Diat. Monogr. 4, 2003: 1-639
99 H. Lange-Bertalot. Zur systematischen Bewertung der bandf?rmigen Kolonien bei Navicula und Fragilaria Kriterien für die Vereinigung von Synedra (subgen. Synedra) Ehrenberg mit Fragilaria Lyngbye. Nova Hedwigia. 1980, 33:723-787
100 S. Mayama, M. Idei, K. Osada, T. Nagumo. Nomenclatural changes for 20 diatom taxa occurring in Japan. Diatom. The Japanese Journal of Diatomology. 2002,
18:89-91
101 D. M. Williams, F. E.Round. Revision of the Genus Synedra Ehrenb. Diatom Research. 1986, 1: 313-339
102 D. M.Williams, F. E. Round. Revision of the Genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research, 1987, 2: 267-288
103 M.álvarez Cobelas, A. Estévez García. Catálogo de las Algas Continentales Espa?olas. I. Diatomophyceae Rabenhorst 1864. Lazaroa, 1982, 4: 269-285
104 A. R. Sherwood. Bibliographic Checklist of the Nonmarine Algae of the Hawaiian Islands. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003. Bishop Museum Occasional. 2004, 80: 1-26
105 B. ?ahin. A Study on the Benthic Algae of Uzung?l (Trabzon). Turk. J Bot. 1998,
22:171-189
106 M. C.Gil-Rodríguez, R. Haroun, A. Ojeda Rodríguez, E. Berecibar Zugasti, P. Domínguez Santana, B. Herrera Morán. Proctoctista. In: Lista de Especies Marinas de Canarias (Algas, Hongos, Plantas y Animales). Las Palmas: Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias. 2003: 1-23
107 P. M. Selkirk, R. D. Seppelt, D. R. Selkirk. Subantarctic Macquarie Island, Environment and Biology, Cambridge University Press. 1990
108 A. Y. Al-Handal, A.Wulff. Marine Epiphytic Diatoms from the Shallow Sublittoral Zone in Potter Cove, King George Island, Antartica. Botanica Marina. 2008, 51:
411-435
109 J. Ralfs. On the Diatomaceae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 1843, 12:
104-111
110 C. G.Ehrenberg. Mittheilungenüber 2 Neue Asiatische Lager Fossiler Infusorien-Erden aus dem Russischen Trans-Kaukasien (Grusien) und Sibirien. Berichtüber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der K?niglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1843: 43-49
111 F. Hustedt, A. Schmidt. Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde R. Reisland , Leipzig. 1912
112 Li Jia-Ying. Genus Tetracyclus and Its Stratigraphic Significance. Bull. Inst. Geol. China Acad. Geol. Sci. 198, 5: 149-167
113 R. Simonsen. Atlas and catalogue of the diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. Vols.
1–3. J. Cramer, Berlin. 1987
114 D. M.Williams. Proposal to conserve the generic name Tetracyclus against Biblarium (Bacillariophyta). Taxon. 1986: 730-731
115 D. M. Williams Observations on the Fenus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta) I. Valve and Girdle Structure of the Extant Species. Br. phycol. J. 1987, 22: 383-399
116 D. M. Williams. Observations on the Genus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta) II. Morphology and Taxonomy of some Fossil Species Previously Classified in Stylobiblium Ehrenberg. Br. phycol. J. 1989, 24: 317-327
117 B. M. Knudson. The Diatom Genus Tabellaria. I. Taxonomy and Morphology. Annals of Botany N.S. 1952, 16: 421-440
118 B. M. Knudson. The Diatom Genus Tabellaria. III. Problems of intra-specific taxonomy and evolution in T. flocculosa. Annals of Botany N.S. 1953, 17: 597-609
119 B. M. Knudson. The Diatom Genus Tabellaria. II. Taxonomy and morphology of the plankton varieties. Annals of Botany N.S. 1953, 7: 131-155
120 H. Van Heurck. Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Edite Par L'auteur. Anvers. 1880-1881
121 C. G. Ehrenberg. Organisation, Systematik und geographisches Verh?ltniss der Infusionsthierchen. Zwei vertr?ge. 1830
122 C. S.Boyer. Synopsis of North American Diatomaceae, Supplement, Part
1.-Coscinodiscatae, Rhizosolenatae, Biddulphiatae, Fragilariatae. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia. 1927
123 Ellen Farr , Gea Zijlstra, Index Nominum Genericorum [OL]. http://botany.si.edu/ing/
124 F. E. Round. On Striae Patterns in Fragilaria and Synedra. Diatom Research. 1991,6: 147–154
125 D. G. Mann. Structure, Life History and Systematics of Rhoicosphenia. I. The Regetative Cell of Rh. curvata. Journal of Phycology. 1982, 18: 162-176
126 D. G. Mann. Structure, Life History and Systematics of Rhoicosphenia.Ⅱ. Auxospore Formation and Perizonium Structure of Rh. curvata. Journal of Phycology. 1982, 18: 264-274
127 H. Lange-Bertalo. Ein Beitrag zur Revision der Gattungen Rhoicosphenia Grun., Gomphonema C. Ag., Gomphoneis Cl.. Botaniska Notiser t, 1980, 133:585-594
128 C. S. Boyer. Synopsis of North American Diatomaceae, Supplement, Part 2.- Naviculatae, Surirellatae. Acad. Natural Sci. Philadelphia. 1927
129 F. E.Round, L. Bukhtiyarova. Four New Genera Based on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium) together with a Re-definition of Achnanthidium. Diatom Research, 1996, 11: 345-361
130 H.De Wolf.. Method of Coding of Ecological Data from Diatoms for Computer Utilization. Med. Rijks Geol. Dienst. 1982, 36: 95–99
131杨若明.环境中有毒有害化学物质的污染与监测.中央民族大学出版社. 2001
132王连声.有机污染化学进展.化学工业出版社. 2006
133 K. Krammer. Morphology and Taxonomy of some Taxa in the Genus Aulacoseira Thwaites (Bacillariophyceae). I. Aulacoseira Distans and Similar Taxa. Nova Hedwigia. 1991, 52: 89-112
134金德祥.金德祥文集.海洋出版社. 1988: 216-225
135 Elisabeth Fourtanier & J. Patrick Kociolek. CDN: http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/diatoms/index.html. California Academy of Sciences
2胡鸿钧.中国淡水藻类.上海科学技术出版社. 1979
3胡鸿钧.魏印心.中国淡水藻类:系统、分类及生态.科学出版社. 2006
4 G. R. Hasle, E. E. Syvertsen, et al. Identifying Marine Diatoms and Dinoflagellates. Academic Press. 1997: 5–385
5 H. Canter-Lund, J. W. G. Lund. Freshwater Algae. Biopress Limited. 1995
6 M. K. Kiss, G. Borics, Z.Gido, C. Deak. Littoral Macrophyte-periphyton Complexes in Two Hungarian Shallow Waters. Hydrobiologia. 2003, 506: 541-548
7 B. J. F. Biggs. Algal proliferations in New Zealand’s shallow stony foothills-fed rivers: Toward a predictive model. Verh-Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol. 1988, 23: 1405-1411
8 B. J. E. Biggs, Artificial substrate exposure times for periphyton biomass estimates in rivers. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.1988, 22: 189-
199
9 P. M. Stewart, J. R. Pratt, R. L. Lowe. Diatom and Protozoan Accrual on Artificial Substrates in Lentic Habitats. Trans. Am. Microsc. Soc. 1985, 104: 369-377
10赵洪石,何文,罗守全,贾兴涛,冯英俊,李正茂.硅藻土应用及研究进展.山东轻工业学院学报(自然科学版). 2007, (1):80-82
11李永振.广东沿岸发生赤潮的硅藻种类.台湾海峡. 2001, 2: 274-278
12 C. A. Agardh. Systema Algarum. A. Asher. 1824: 1-312
13 F. T. Kützing. Die Kieselschaligen Bacillarien oder Diatomeen. Nordhausen. 1844:
1-152
14 H. L. Smith. The Diatomaceae of Lake Michigan. The Lens. 1872 (1): 41-44
15 G. B. De Toni. Sylloge Algarum Omnium Hucusque Cognitarum/ Vol. 2, Bacillarieae. Sectio I. Raphideae.Typis Seminarrii, Patavii. 1891: 1-490
16 F. Schütt. Bacillariales (Diatomeae). Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien.Leipzig. 1896 (1): 31-150
17 G. Karsten. Abteillung Bacillariophyta (Diatomeae) in Engler und A. Prantl, DieNatürlichen Pflanfamilien. Leipzig. 1928, 2: 105-303
18 F. Hustedt. Bacillariophyta(Diatomeae). A. Pascher,“Diesusswasserflora Mitteleuropas”. 1930 (in English, 1985)
19 F. W. Mills. An Index to the Genera and Species of the Diatomaceae and their Synonyms, Part 1-21.Wheldon & Wesley, Limited. London. 1816-1932
20 N. I. Hendey. The Plankton Diatoms of the Southern Seas. Discovery Reports. Cambridge at the University Press. 1937, 16: 151-364
21 R. W. Kolbe, E. G?lz. Elektronenmikroskopische Diatomeenstudien. Ber. dt. bot. Ges. 1943, 61: 91-98
22 C. W. Reimer, R.M. Patrick. The Diatoms of the United States exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii. Volume 1. Fragilariaceae, Eunotoniaceae, Achnanthaceae, Naviculaceae. Monographs of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 1966: 1-688
23 S. L. Van Landingham. Catalogue of the Fossil and Recent Genera and Speices of Diatoms and their Synonyms. Part 1-8.Verlag Van. J. Gramer, Wemheim, Germany. 1967-1979
24 G. R. Hasle. Thalassiosira Subtilis (Bacillariophyceae) and Two Allied Species. Norwegian Journal of Botany. 1972, 19: 111-137
25 R. Simonsen. The Diatom System: ideas on phylogeny. Bacillaria. 1979, 2: 9-71
26 K. Krammer, H. Lange-Bertalot. Sü?wasserflora von Mitteleuropa Teil 2. Bacillariaceae, Epithemiaceae, Surirellaceae. Stuttgart ; New York : Gustav Fischer, 1988
27 L.K. Medlin, I. Kaczmarska. Evolution of the Diatoms: V. Morphological and Cytological Support for the Major Clades and a Taxonomic Revision. Phycologia. 2004, 43: 245-270
28 P. J. Harrison, H. L. Conway, R. W. Holmes, C. O. Davis. Marine Diatoms Grown in Chemostats under Silicate or Ammonium Limitation.Ⅲ. Cellular Chemical Composition and Morphology of Chaetoceros Debilis, Skeletonema Costatum, and Thalassiosira Gravida. Springer-Verlag. 1977
29 E. E. Hansmann, H. K. Phinney. Effects of Logging on Periphyton in Coastal Streams of Oregon. Ecology. 1973, 54: 194-199
30 R. J. Stevenson, R .L. Lowe. Sampling and Interpretation of Algal Patterns forWater Quality Assessments. In“Rationale for Sampling and Interpretation of Ecological Data in the Assessment of Freshwater Ecosystems”. ASTM STP 894, Am. Soc. Test. Mater., Philadelphia. 1986
31 M. D. Morgan. Impact of Nutrient Enrichment and Alkalinization on Periphyton Communities in the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Hydrobiol. 1987, 144: 233-241
32 D. Werner. The Biology of Diatoms. Botanical Monographs, University of California Press. 1977
33 J. M. O'Connell, E. D. Reavie, J. P. Smol. Assessment of Water Quality Rsing Epiphytic Diatom Assemblages on Cladophora from the St. Lawrence River. Diatom Research. 1997, 12(1): 55-70
34 H. Rothfritz, I. Jüttner, A. M. Suren, S. J. Ormerod. Epiphytic and Epilithic Diatom Communities along Environmental Gradients in the Nepalese Himalaya: Implications for the Assessment of Biodiversity and Water Quality. Arch Hydrobiol. 1997, 138: 465–482
35 N. Gómez. Use of Epipelic Diatoms for Evaluation of Water Quality in the Matanza-Riachuelo (Argentina), a Pampean Plain River. Water Res. 1998, 32: 2029–2034
36 N. Gómez. Epipelic Diatom from Matanza-Riachuelo River (Argentina), a Highly Polluted Basin from the Pampean Plain: biotic indices and multivariate analysis. Aquat Ecosyst Health Manage N. 1999, 2: 301–309
37 J. G. Winter, H. C. Duthie1. Stream Epilithic, Epipelic and Epiphytic Diatoms: Habitat Fidelity and Use in Biomonitoring. Aquatic Ecology. 2000(34):345-353
38 P. Jousé. Diatoms in the Surface Layer of the Sediments in the Sea of Okhotsk. Tr. Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.. 1957, 13: 164-220
39 P. Jousé. Diatoms in the Surface Layer of the Sediments in the bering Sea. Tr. Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R.. 1960, 15: 171-205
40 N. I. Hendey. An Introductory Account of the Smaller Algae of British Coastal Waters. Part V: Bacillariophyceae (diatoms).Gt. Britain: Minist. Agric. Fish. Food, Fish Invest.. 1964
41 N. I. Hendey.The Diagnostic Value of Diatoms in Cases of Drowning. Medicine, Science, and the Law. 1973, 13: 23-34
42 Ehrenberg. Passatstaub und Blutregen; ein Grosses Organisches UnsichtbaresWirken und Leben in der Atmosph?re: K?nigliche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Physikalische Abhandlungen. Phys. Abh. Akad. Wise.. 1847, 32: 269-460
43 F. W. Hutton. List of Diaomaceae Found in Washing of Weaweed from China. Jour. Proc. Dubin Micro. Cl.. 1865, 1:42
44 P. Petit. Diatoms Recoltrees sur les Huitres de Ningpo et de Nimrod Sound (China). Mem. Soc. Sci Cherbourg. 1880, 23: 202-208
45 R. Gutwinski. De algis, Praecipue Diatomaceis a Dre J. Holderer anno 1898. in Asia Centrali Atque in China Collectis. Bulletin International de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettre (Cracovie). Classe des Sciences Mathématiques et Naturelles 1903(4): 201-227
46 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from a Mountain Bog, Kaolingtze, Pin-Chiang-Sheng Province. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 66(3): 343-362
47 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Argun River, Hsing-An-pei Province. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 66(1):43-74
48 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Chengtu,Szechwan, Western China. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 66(4): 478-496
49 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Khiangan Mountain, N.Manchuria, China. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1928, 35(1):39-51
50 W. Skvotzow. Diatoms from Poyang lake, Hunan, China. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1935, 57(4): 465-478
51 W. Skvotzow. Moss Diatoms from River gan in the Northern Part of Great Khingan Mountains, China with Description of a New Genera Porosularia Gen. Nov. from Northern & Southern China. Quarterly Journal of the Taiwan Museum. 1976, XXIX(3&4): 397-428
52 W. Skvotzow. Notes on Algal Flora of Manchoukuo I-IV. The Botanical Magazine. 1937, (607-610): 627-742
53 W. Skvotzow. On Some New Fresh-water Diatoms from Soochow, Province Kiangsu, middle China with 19 figures. Quart.J.Taiwan Mus.. 1971, 24(1/2): 59-65
54 W. Skvotzow. Suba?rial Diatom Flora from Hongkong, Asia. Quart.J.Taiwan Mus.. 1975, XXVIII (3&4) : 407-430
55 W. Skvotzow. Suba?rial Diatom from Pin-Chiang-Sheng Province, Manchoukuo. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 65(3):263-281
56 W. Skvotzow. Suba?rial Diatom from Shanghai. The Philippine Journal of Science. 1938, 64(4): 443-451
57金德祥等.中国海洋浮游硅藻.科学技术出版社. 1965
58金德祥等.中国海洋底栖硅藻类.海洋出版社. 1982
59朱蕙忠.中国西藏硅藻.科学出版社. 2000
60金德祥.硅藻分类系统的探讨.厦门大学学报(自然科学版). 1978, 17: 31-50
61羊向东,王苏民,夏威岚,李万春.典型对应分析在青藏高原现代湖泊硅藻与环境研究中的应用.中国科学D辑, 2001; 273-279
62羊向东,王苏民;夏威岚;李万春. Application of CCA for Study on Modern Lake Diatoms and Environment in the Tibetan Plateau 2001; 343-350
63蒋辉,吕厚远,支崇远,羊向东.硅藻分析与第四纪定量古地理和古气候研究.第四季研究. 2002, 22: 113-122
64董旭辉,羊向东,王荣,潘红玺.长江中下游地区湖泊硅藻-总磷转换函数.湖泊科学, 2006, 18(1): 1-12
65尤庆敏.中国新疆硅藻区系分类初步研究.上海师范大学. 2006
66赵爱萍,刘福影,吴波等.上海淀山湖浮游植物.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2005 (04): 70-76
67钦娜,王全喜.福建金门岛的藻类植物.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2006,
35(1): 83-90
68吴琼,吴波,赵爱萍,刘妍,钦娜,曹建国,王全喜.长江口九段沙附近水体浮游植物的种类组成与数量分布.上海师范大学学报(自然科学版). 2007(1):
58-63
69吴波,陈德辉,吴琼,王全喜.黄浦江浮游植物群落结构及其对水环境的指示作用.武汉植物学研究. 2007, 25: 467-472
70朱蕙忠,陈嘉佑.安徽及黑龙江的一些淡水中心纲硅藻.武汉植物学研究. 1985(3) ; 56-60
71 K. Krammer, H. S. Lange-Bertalot. Bacillariophyceae. 3. Teil, Centrales, Fragilariaceae, Eunotiaceae. Spektrum Akademischer Verlag Heidelberg. Berlin. 1997
72 K. Krammer, H. S. Lange-Bertalot. Bacillariophyceae. 4 Teil: Achnanthaceae, Kritische Erg?nzungen zu Achnanthes. l., Naviculas. Str., Gomphonema.Jena: Gustav Fisher Verlag. 1999
73 P. C. Silva. Names of Classes and Families of Living Algae: with Special Reference to Their Use in the Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Regnum Vegetabile. 1980
74 H. C. Lyngbye. Tentamen Hydrophytologiae Danicae Continens Omnia Hydrophyta Cryptogama Daniae, Holsatiae, Faeroae, Islandiae, Groenlandiae Hucusque Cognita, Systematice Disposita, Descripta et Iconibus Illustrata, Adjectis Simul Speciebus Norvegicis. Hafniae [Copenhagen]: typis Schultzianis, in commissis Librariae Gyldendaliae. 1819
75 P. C. Silva. Names of Classes and Families of Living Algae: with Special Reference to Their Use in the Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Regnum Vegetabile. 1980
76 P. T. Cleve. Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms, Part II. Kongliga Svenska-Vetenskaps Akademiens Handlingar. 1895
77 Hustedt. Die Kieselalgen Deutschlands, ?sterreichs und der Schweiz unter Berücksichtigung derübrigen L?nder Europas sowie der angrenzenden Meeresgebiete. In: L. Rabenhorst (ed.), Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland, ?sterreich und der Schweiz. Akademische Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h. Leipzig. 1933
78 Cleve-Euler. Die Diatomeen von Schweden und Finnland. Part III. Monoraphideae, Biraphideae 1. Kongliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handligar, ser. 4,, Vol: 4, Issue: 5. 1953
79齐雨藻,李家英等.中国淡水藻志,第十卷.科学出版社. 2004
80张盛学等.黑龙江省地理.黑龙江教育出版. 1987
81章宗涉,黄祥飞.淡水浮游生物研究方法.科学出版社, 1991
82 Gasse. East African Diatoms, Taxonomy, Ecological Distribution. Berlin Stuttgart. 1986
83 R. L. Lowe. Environmental Requirements and Pollution Tolerance of Freshwater Diatoms. US EPA-670/4-75-005, National Environmental Research Center, Office of Research and Development, U. S. Environmental Projection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1974
84 D. M. Williams. Morphology, Taxonomy and Inter-relationships of the Ribbed Araphid Diatoms from the Genera Diatoma and Meridion (Diatomaceae: Bacillariophyta). Bibliotheca Diatomologica, Vol: 8. 1985
85 D. Antoniades, M. S. V. Douglas, J. P. Smol. Benthic Diatom Autecology and Inference Model Development from the Canadian High Arctic Archipelago. Journal of Phycology. 2005, 41: 30-45
86 A. Cleve-Euler. Das Bacillariaceenplankton in Gew?ssern bei Stockholm. III.über Gemeinden des schwach salzigen Wassers und eine neue Charakterart deselben. Arkiv für Hydrobiologie und Planktonkunde, 1912, 7: 500-513
87 L. Geitler.über Differenzierung der Kettenkolonien von Diatoma elongatum und vulgare. ?sterr. Bot. Z. 1917, 119: 404-409
88 E. Ersanli, A.G?nülol. A Study on the Phytoplankton of Lake Simenit, Turkey. Cryptogamie, Algologie. 2006, 27: 289-305
89 H. Ettl, G. G?rtner. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer. 1995
90 L. Bagheri, R. Ramzannejad Ghadi. Epiphytic Algae of Miankaleh International Wetland ( North of Iran). 2008
91 S. Roberts, S. Sabater, J.Beardall. Benthic Microalgal Colonization in Streams of Differing Riparian Cover and Light Availability. Journal of Phycology. 2004, 40: 1004-1012
92 H. Ettl, G. G?rtner. Syllabus der Boden-, Luft- und Flechtenalgen. Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer. 1995
93 E. F. Stoermer, J.J. Yang. Plankton Diatom Assemblages in Lake Michigan. Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, GLRD Special Report No. 47. 1969
94 C. S. Reynolds. Artificial Induction of Surface Blooms of Cyanobacteria. Verh. Internat. Verein. Limnol. 22: 638–643
95 S. A. Day, R. P. Wickham, T. J. Entwisle, P. A. Tyle. Bibliographic Check-list of Non-marine Algae in Australia. Flora of Australia Supplementary Series 4. 1995
96 E. F. Stoermer, T.B. Ladewski. Apparent Optimal Temperatures for the Occurrence of Some Common Phytoplankton Species in Souther Lake Michigan. Great Lakes Research Division, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, GLRD Special Report No. 18. 1976
97 K. Szabó, K. T. Kiss, G. Taba,é.ács. Epiphytic diatoms of the Tisza River, Kisk?re Reservoir and some oxbows of the Tisza River after the cyanide and heavy metalpollution in 2000. Acta Botanica Croatica, 64 :1-46
98 M. Aboal, M. Alvarez Cobelas, J. Cambra, L. Ector. Floristic List of Non-marine Diatoms (Bacillariophyceae) of Iberian Peninsula, Balearic Islands and Canary Islands. Updated taxonomy and bibliography. Diat. Monogr. 4, 2003: 1-639
99 H. Lange-Bertalot. Zur systematischen Bewertung der bandf?rmigen Kolonien bei Navicula und Fragilaria Kriterien für die Vereinigung von Synedra (subgen. Synedra) Ehrenberg mit Fragilaria Lyngbye. Nova Hedwigia. 1980, 33:723-787
100 S. Mayama, M. Idei, K. Osada, T. Nagumo. Nomenclatural changes for 20 diatom taxa occurring in Japan. Diatom. The Japanese Journal of Diatomology. 2002,
18:89-91
101 D. M. Williams, F. E.Round. Revision of the Genus Synedra Ehrenb. Diatom Research. 1986, 1: 313-339
102 D. M.Williams, F. E. Round. Revision of the Genus Fragilaria. Diatom Research, 1987, 2: 267-288
103 M.álvarez Cobelas, A. Estévez García. Catálogo de las Algas Continentales Espa?olas. I. Diatomophyceae Rabenhorst 1864. Lazaroa, 1982, 4: 269-285
104 A. R. Sherwood. Bibliographic Checklist of the Nonmarine Algae of the Hawaiian Islands. Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2003. Bishop Museum Occasional. 2004, 80: 1-26
105 B. ?ahin. A Study on the Benthic Algae of Uzung?l (Trabzon). Turk. J Bot. 1998,
22:171-189
106 M. C.Gil-Rodríguez, R. Haroun, A. Ojeda Rodríguez, E. Berecibar Zugasti, P. Domínguez Santana, B. Herrera Morán. Proctoctista. In: Lista de Especies Marinas de Canarias (Algas, Hongos, Plantas y Animales). Las Palmas: Consejería de Política Territorial y Medio Ambiente del Gobierno de Canarias. 2003: 1-23
107 P. M. Selkirk, R. D. Seppelt, D. R. Selkirk. Subantarctic Macquarie Island, Environment and Biology, Cambridge University Press. 1990
108 A. Y. Al-Handal, A.Wulff. Marine Epiphytic Diatoms from the Shallow Sublittoral Zone in Potter Cove, King George Island, Antartica. Botanica Marina. 2008, 51:
411-435
109 J. Ralfs. On the Diatomaceae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 1843, 12:
104-111
110 C. G.Ehrenberg. Mittheilungenüber 2 Neue Asiatische Lager Fossiler Infusorien-Erden aus dem Russischen Trans-Kaukasien (Grusien) und Sibirien. Berichtüber die zur Bekanntmachung geeigneten Verhandlungen der K?niglich-Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1843: 43-49
111 F. Hustedt, A. Schmidt. Atlas der Diatomaceenkunde R. Reisland , Leipzig. 1912
112 Li Jia-Ying. Genus Tetracyclus and Its Stratigraphic Significance. Bull. Inst. Geol. China Acad. Geol. Sci. 198, 5: 149-167
113 R. Simonsen. Atlas and catalogue of the diatom types of Friedrich Hustedt. Vols.
1–3. J. Cramer, Berlin. 1987
114 D. M.Williams. Proposal to conserve the generic name Tetracyclus against Biblarium (Bacillariophyta). Taxon. 1986: 730-731
115 D. M. Williams Observations on the Fenus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta) I. Valve and Girdle Structure of the Extant Species. Br. phycol. J. 1987, 22: 383-399
116 D. M. Williams. Observations on the Genus Tetracyclus Ralfs (Bacillariophyta) II. Morphology and Taxonomy of some Fossil Species Previously Classified in Stylobiblium Ehrenberg. Br. phycol. J. 1989, 24: 317-327
117 B. M. Knudson. The Diatom Genus Tabellaria. I. Taxonomy and Morphology. Annals of Botany N.S. 1952, 16: 421-440
118 B. M. Knudson. The Diatom Genus Tabellaria. III. Problems of intra-specific taxonomy and evolution in T. flocculosa. Annals of Botany N.S. 1953, 17: 597-609
119 B. M. Knudson. The Diatom Genus Tabellaria. II. Taxonomy and morphology of the plankton varieties. Annals of Botany N.S. 1953, 7: 131-155
120 H. Van Heurck. Synopsis des Diatomees de Belgique. Edite Par L'auteur. Anvers. 1880-1881
121 C. G. Ehrenberg. Organisation, Systematik und geographisches Verh?ltniss der Infusionsthierchen. Zwei vertr?ge. 1830
122 C. S.Boyer. Synopsis of North American Diatomaceae, Supplement, Part
1.-Coscinodiscatae, Rhizosolenatae, Biddulphiatae, Fragilariatae. Nat. Sci. of Philadelphia. 1927
123 Ellen Farr , Gea Zijlstra, Index Nominum Genericorum [OL]. http://botany.si.edu/ing/
124 F. E. Round. On Striae Patterns in Fragilaria and Synedra. Diatom Research. 1991,6: 147–154
125 D. G. Mann. Structure, Life History and Systematics of Rhoicosphenia. I. The Regetative Cell of Rh. curvata. Journal of Phycology. 1982, 18: 162-176
126 D. G. Mann. Structure, Life History and Systematics of Rhoicosphenia.Ⅱ. Auxospore Formation and Perizonium Structure of Rh. curvata. Journal of Phycology. 1982, 18: 264-274
127 H. Lange-Bertalo. Ein Beitrag zur Revision der Gattungen Rhoicosphenia Grun., Gomphonema C. Ag., Gomphoneis Cl.. Botaniska Notiser t, 1980, 133:585-594
128 C. S. Boyer. Synopsis of North American Diatomaceae, Supplement, Part 2.- Naviculatae, Surirellatae. Acad. Natural Sci. Philadelphia. 1927
129 F. E.Round, L. Bukhtiyarova. Four New Genera Based on Achnanthes (Achnanthidium) together with a Re-definition of Achnanthidium. Diatom Research, 1996, 11: 345-361
130 H.De Wolf.. Method of Coding of Ecological Data from Diatoms for Computer Utilization. Med. Rijks Geol. Dienst. 1982, 36: 95–99
131杨若明.环境中有毒有害化学物质的污染与监测.中央民族大学出版社. 2001
132王连声.有机污染化学进展.化学工业出版社. 2006
133 K. Krammer. Morphology and Taxonomy of some Taxa in the Genus Aulacoseira Thwaites (Bacillariophyceae). I. Aulacoseira Distans and Similar Taxa. Nova Hedwigia. 1991, 52: 89-112
134金德祥.金德祥文集.海洋出版社. 1988: 216-225
135 Elisabeth Fourtanier & J. Patrick Kociolek. CDN: http://research.calacademy.org/redirect?url=http://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/diatoms/index.html. California Academy of Sciences