网络视频监控系统差错恢复技术的研究
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摘要
制约网络视频监控系统应用发展的核心问题在于因特网的服务质量,由于因特网的状况是不可靠的,它只提供尽力传送服务,其带宽、丢包率、延时等网络特性时变性很大,难以满足网络视频监控系统的实时性服务质量要求,并常常造成播放延迟、视频质量抖动剧烈等不良情况,给使用者感官造成很大影响。所以,在网络视频监控系统中采用有效的差错恢复手段,解决好视频传输的服务质量问题对于网络视频监控系统的发展是极为重要的。
考虑到信道编码对于实时性要求很强的视频数据通信来说是一种非常好的保证传输服务质量(QoS:Qualitity of Service)的方法。在对基于信道编码的三种典型的差错恢复方法进行分析的基础上,通过改变视频帧序列的编解码方式来克服前向纠错技术给通信系统带来的延迟以及对带宽增加的要求,实现了一种基于前向纠错技术的视频图像差错恢复方法,从而改善视频传输的传输质量。
横向差错恢复技术克服了传统的纵向差错恢复中高错误相关性、网络拥塞以及由结点故障造成的网络损耗等问题。在采用分布式网络视频监控系统结构的基础上,为了进一步提高系统的鲁棒性,对横向差错恢复方案进行了详细地设计,在横向差错恢复中,结点被随机分配到各个平面,并通过其他平面的差错恢复邻居重传数据包来恢复错误,由于各个平面的数据传递过程相对独立,所以,差错恢复结点和差错恢复邻居间数据的关联性较弱。通过仿真实验,将传统的纵向差错恢复方案和横向差错恢复方案进行比较,证明了横向差错恢复较前者的差错恢复延迟小;通过分析横向差错恢复中平面数、各平面差错恢复邻居结点数与剩余损失率的关系,获得了选择最佳参数的可靠依据。
The key problem of restricting the development in application of network surveillance system lies in the QoS (Qualitity of Service) of Internet. For the unreliable state of Internet, and providing best-effort service only, its characteristics such as bandwidth, packet loss rate, delay and etc., often have great alternation, and it is hard to satisfy the quality of service in real time of network surveillance system. Always this also leads to harmful situations as delay, acute vibration of video frequency quality, and so on, which exercises a great influence on users’sense organs. So taking effective measure called error recovery, what is extremely important for the development of network surveillance system is to solve the problem of QoS in video transmission.
Considering Channel Coding is a very good measure to guarantee the QoS of transmission when video transmission asks for strong quality of real time. Based on the analysis of three typical error recovery ways of channel coding, this thesis will overcome the problem of delay and the requisition of increasing bandwidth brought by FEC (Forward Error Correction) through changing the coding and decoding of video frequency frame sequence. And it will achieve the goal based on the method of visual image error recovery of FEC, and then improve the quality of video.
Horizontal error recovery overcomes the problem of high error correlation, implosion problem, and Outage due to node-link failure in vertical error recovery. In order to improve the robust of system further, basing on distributing network surveillance system, this thesis has an exhaustive design for horizontal error recovery. In horizontal error recovery, nodes are distributed to several planes randomly, recovering error with the help of re-transmission from other planes’error recovery neighbors. For the relatively independent data transmission process of each plane, the data of nodes and neighbors among error recovery are weak in connection. In the simulation experiment, comparing the traditional vertical error recovery with the horizontal error recovery, horizontal error recovery has less recovery delay than the former. And we can get the reliable data of best parameter through analyzing the relationship between numbers of planes of horizontal error recovery, nodes of error recovery neighbor in each plane and residual loss rate.
考虑到信道编码对于实时性要求很强的视频数据通信来说是一种非常好的保证传输服务质量(QoS:Qualitity of Service)的方法。在对基于信道编码的三种典型的差错恢复方法进行分析的基础上,通过改变视频帧序列的编解码方式来克服前向纠错技术给通信系统带来的延迟以及对带宽增加的要求,实现了一种基于前向纠错技术的视频图像差错恢复方法,从而改善视频传输的传输质量。
横向差错恢复技术克服了传统的纵向差错恢复中高错误相关性、网络拥塞以及由结点故障造成的网络损耗等问题。在采用分布式网络视频监控系统结构的基础上,为了进一步提高系统的鲁棒性,对横向差错恢复方案进行了详细地设计,在横向差错恢复中,结点被随机分配到各个平面,并通过其他平面的差错恢复邻居重传数据包来恢复错误,由于各个平面的数据传递过程相对独立,所以,差错恢复结点和差错恢复邻居间数据的关联性较弱。通过仿真实验,将传统的纵向差错恢复方案和横向差错恢复方案进行比较,证明了横向差错恢复较前者的差错恢复延迟小;通过分析横向差错恢复中平面数、各平面差错恢复邻居结点数与剩余损失率的关系,获得了选择最佳参数的可靠依据。
The key problem of restricting the development in application of network surveillance system lies in the QoS (Qualitity of Service) of Internet. For the unreliable state of Internet, and providing best-effort service only, its characteristics such as bandwidth, packet loss rate, delay and etc., often have great alternation, and it is hard to satisfy the quality of service in real time of network surveillance system. Always this also leads to harmful situations as delay, acute vibration of video frequency quality, and so on, which exercises a great influence on users’sense organs. So taking effective measure called error recovery, what is extremely important for the development of network surveillance system is to solve the problem of QoS in video transmission.
Considering Channel Coding is a very good measure to guarantee the QoS of transmission when video transmission asks for strong quality of real time. Based on the analysis of three typical error recovery ways of channel coding, this thesis will overcome the problem of delay and the requisition of increasing bandwidth brought by FEC (Forward Error Correction) through changing the coding and decoding of video frequency frame sequence. And it will achieve the goal based on the method of visual image error recovery of FEC, and then improve the quality of video.
Horizontal error recovery overcomes the problem of high error correlation, implosion problem, and Outage due to node-link failure in vertical error recovery. In order to improve the robust of system further, basing on distributing network surveillance system, this thesis has an exhaustive design for horizontal error recovery. In horizontal error recovery, nodes are distributed to several planes randomly, recovering error with the help of re-transmission from other planes’error recovery neighbors. For the relatively independent data transmission process of each plane, the data of nodes and neighbors among error recovery are weak in connection. In the simulation experiment, comparing the traditional vertical error recovery with the horizontal error recovery, horizontal error recovery has less recovery delay than the former. And we can get the reliable data of best parameter through analyzing the relationship between numbers of planes of horizontal error recovery, nodes of error recovery neighbor in each plane and residual loss rate.
引文
[1]杨茂林.层次式网络视频监控系统的设计和实现:[硕士学位论文].北京:中国科学院软件研究所,2005
[2]韩阳.多媒体数字视频监控系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].四川:电子科技大学,2003
[3]岳峰,陈凌峰,邓勇开,沙定国.基于流媒体技术的网络视频监控研究.计算机应用研究, 2005(2):215-216, 219
[4]凌庆华,石志强,程伟明.基于SIP的网络视频监控系统的设计与实现.计算机工程, 2007, vol.3:261-263
[5] Changick Kim, JenqNeng Hwang. Object-based video abstraction for video surveillance systems. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology of IEEE Transactions , 2002 , vol.12:1128 - 1138
[6]方璐.数字视频监控系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2002
[7]郭洪娜.网络化数字视频监控系统的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学,2004
[8]张益斌.网络视频监控系统自适应技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[9] Sacchi. C., Regazzoni. C.S.. A distributed surveillance system for detection of abandoned objects in unmanned railway environments. Vehicular Technology of IEEE Transactions, 2000, vol.49: 2013 - 2026
[10]张勇.远程视频监控系统中传输技术的实现:[硕士学位论文].四川:电子科技大学,2004
[11] F. Baccelli, A. Chaintreau, Z. Liu. Scalability of Reliable Group Communication Using Overlays. INFOCOM’04. Twenty-third Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2004, vol.1 :419-430
[12] S. K. Kasera, J. Kurose, D. Towsley. A Comparison of Server-Based and Receiver-Based Local Recovery Approaches for Scalable Reliable Multicast. INFOCOM '98 Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 1998,vol. 3: 988-995
[13] K. W. Lee, S. Ha, V. Bharghavan. IRMA: A Reliable Multicast Architecture for the Internet. In: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM’99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of theIEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 1999,vol. 3:1274-1281
[14] M. Costello, S. McCanne. Search party: Using Randomcast for Reliable Multicast with Local Recovery. INFOCOM’99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 1999,vol. 3:1256-1264
[15] Suman Banerjee , Seungjoon Lee, Bobby Bhattacharjee. Resilient Multicast Using Overlays. Networking on IEEE/ACM Transactions, 2006,vol.14:237-248
[16]吴国福.面向仿真的应用层组播技术研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].湖南:国防科技大学,2005
[17]高永吉.视频监控点播系统:[硕士学位论文].陕西:西安电子科技大学,2005
[18] T. S. E. Ng, H. Zhang. Predicting internet network distance with coordinates-based approaches. INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2002,vol. 1:170-179
[19] Paul Francis, Sugih Jamin, Cheng Jin, Yixin Jin, Danny Raz, Yuval Shavitt, Lixia Zhang. IDMaps: a global internet host distance estimation service. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 2001,vol. 9:525-540
[20] J. Saltzer, D. Reed, D. Clark. End-to-end Arguments in System Design. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 1984, 2(4): 195 - 206
[21] Y. H. Chu, S. G. Rao, S. Seshan, H. Zhang. A Case for End System Multicast. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2000,vol. 28: 1- 12
[22] Y. H. Chu, S. G. Rao, S. Seshan, H. Zhang. Enabling Conferencing Applications On The Internet Using An Overlay Multicast Architecture. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2001 , vol. 31: 55 - 67
[23] Waldvogel.M., Mohandas.R., Shi. S.. EKA: efficient keyserver using ALMI. In: Proceedings of Tenth IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, 2001, vol. 3:237 - 243
[24] S. Banerjee, B. Bhattacharjee, C. Kommareddy. Scalable Application Layer Multicast. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review , 2002,vol. 32: 205 - 217
[25] D. A. Tran, K. A. Hua, T. T. Do. Zigzag: An Efficient Peer-to-peer Scheme for Media Streaming. IEEE INFOCOM 2003, 2003, vol. 2 :1283 - 1292
[26] V. N. Padmanabhan, H. J. Wang, P. A. Chou, K. Sripanidkulchai. Distributing Streaming Media Content Using Cooperative Networking. In: Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, 2002, vol. 3: 177– 186
[27] Goyal.V.K., Kovacevic.J.. Generalized multiple description coding with correlating transforms. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions, 2001, vol. 47:2199 - 2224
[28] X. Jin, K.L.Cheng, S.H.Chan. SIM: Scalable Island Multicast for Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Expo (ICME), 2006, vol.3: 913-916
[29] S. Q. Zhuang, B. Y. Zhao, A. D. Joseph. Bayeux: An Architecture For Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-area Data Dissemination. In: Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, 2001, vol.3: 11 - 20
[30] S. Ratnasamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. Karp, S. Shenker. A Scalable Content-Addressable Network. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,2001,vol. 31:161 - 172
[31] J. Liebeherr, M. Nahas, W. Si. Application-Layer Multicasting with Delaunay Triangulation Overlays. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2002, Vol.20:1472 - 1488
[32] M. Kwon, S. Fahmy. Topology-Aware Overlay Networks for Group Communication. In: Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, 2002,vol. 3 :127 - 136
[33] Y.H.Chu, S.G.Rao, S.Seshanand, H.Zhang. A case for end system multicast. Selected Areas in Communication of IEEE Journal,2002,vol.20: 1456–1471
[34] L. Rognant, J. M. Chassery, S. Goze, J. G. Planes. The Delaunay constrained triangulation: the Delaunay stable algorithms. In: Proceedings of 1999 IEEE International Conference, 1999, vol.31:147 - 152
[35] W. C. Wong, S. H. Chan. Improving delaunay triangulation for application level multicast. In: Proceedings of Global Telecommunications Conference,2003,vol. 5:2835–2839
[36] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A.M. Kermarec, A. I. T. Rowstron. Scribe:A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal, 2002,vol. 20:1489-1499
[37] W.P. K. Yiu, K.F. S.Wong, S.H. G. Chan. Bridge-node selection and loss recovery in island multicast. In: Proc. IEEE ICC, 2005,vol. 2:1304-1308
[38] X. Jin, Y. Wang, S. H. G. Chan. Fast overlay tree based on efficient end-to-end measurements. In: Proc. IEEE ICC, 2005,vol. 2:1319-1323
[39] K.L.Cheng, K.W.R.Cheuk, S.H.Chan. Implementation and performance measurement of an island multicast protocol. In: Proc. IEEE ICC,2005,vol. 2:1299-1303
[40] W. P. Yiu, S. H. Chan. SOT: Secure overlay tree for applicationlayer multicast. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC), 2004, vol.3: 1451-1455
[41] J. Gemmell, T. Montgomery, T. Speakman, J. Crowcroft. The PGM reliable multicast protocol. IEEE Network, 2003, vol. 17:16-22
[2]韩阳.多媒体数字视频监控系统的设计与实现:[硕士学位论文].四川:电子科技大学,2003
[3]岳峰,陈凌峰,邓勇开,沙定国.基于流媒体技术的网络视频监控研究.计算机应用研究, 2005(2):215-216, 219
[4]凌庆华,石志强,程伟明.基于SIP的网络视频监控系统的设计与实现.计算机工程, 2007, vol.3:261-263
[5] Changick Kim, JenqNeng Hwang. Object-based video abstraction for video surveillance systems. Circuits and Systems for Video Technology of IEEE Transactions , 2002 , vol.12:1128 - 1138
[6]方璐.数字视频监控系统的研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].重庆:重庆大学,2002
[7]郭洪娜.网络化数字视频监控系统的研究与开发:[硕士学位论文].湖北:武汉理工大学,2004
[8]张益斌.网络视频监控系统自适应技术的研究:[硕士学位论文].浙江:浙江大学,2004
[9] Sacchi. C., Regazzoni. C.S.. A distributed surveillance system for detection of abandoned objects in unmanned railway environments. Vehicular Technology of IEEE Transactions, 2000, vol.49: 2013 - 2026
[10]张勇.远程视频监控系统中传输技术的实现:[硕士学位论文].四川:电子科技大学,2004
[11] F. Baccelli, A. Chaintreau, Z. Liu. Scalability of Reliable Group Communication Using Overlays. INFOCOM’04. Twenty-third Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2004, vol.1 :419-430
[12] S. K. Kasera, J. Kurose, D. Towsley. A Comparison of Server-Based and Receiver-Based Local Recovery Approaches for Scalable Reliable Multicast. INFOCOM '98 Seventeenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 1998,vol. 3: 988-995
[13] K. W. Lee, S. Ha, V. Bharghavan. IRMA: A Reliable Multicast Architecture for the Internet. In: Proc. IEEE INFOCOM’99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of theIEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 1999,vol. 3:1274-1281
[14] M. Costello, S. McCanne. Search party: Using Randomcast for Reliable Multicast with Local Recovery. INFOCOM’99. Eighteenth Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 1999,vol. 3:1256-1264
[15] Suman Banerjee , Seungjoon Lee, Bobby Bhattacharjee. Resilient Multicast Using Overlays. Networking on IEEE/ACM Transactions, 2006,vol.14:237-248
[16]吴国福.面向仿真的应用层组播技术研究与实现:[硕士学位论文].湖南:国防科技大学,2005
[17]高永吉.视频监控点播系统:[硕士学位论文].陕西:西安电子科技大学,2005
[18] T. S. E. Ng, H. Zhang. Predicting internet network distance with coordinates-based approaches. INFOCOM 2002. Twenty-First Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies, 2002,vol. 1:170-179
[19] Paul Francis, Sugih Jamin, Cheng Jin, Yixin Jin, Danny Raz, Yuval Shavitt, Lixia Zhang. IDMaps: a global internet host distance estimation service. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON), 2001,vol. 9:525-540
[20] J. Saltzer, D. Reed, D. Clark. End-to-end Arguments in System Design. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 1984, 2(4): 195 - 206
[21] Y. H. Chu, S. G. Rao, S. Seshan, H. Zhang. A Case for End System Multicast. ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review, 2000,vol. 28: 1- 12
[22] Y. H. Chu, S. G. Rao, S. Seshan, H. Zhang. Enabling Conferencing Applications On The Internet Using An Overlay Multicast Architecture. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2001 , vol. 31: 55 - 67
[23] Waldvogel.M., Mohandas.R., Shi. S.. EKA: efficient keyserver using ALMI. In: Proceedings of Tenth IEEE International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises, 2001, vol. 3:237 - 243
[24] S. Banerjee, B. Bhattacharjee, C. Kommareddy. Scalable Application Layer Multicast. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review , 2002,vol. 32: 205 - 217
[25] D. A. Tran, K. A. Hua, T. T. Do. Zigzag: An Efficient Peer-to-peer Scheme for Media Streaming. IEEE INFOCOM 2003, 2003, vol. 2 :1283 - 1292
[26] V. N. Padmanabhan, H. J. Wang, P. A. Chou, K. Sripanidkulchai. Distributing Streaming Media Content Using Cooperative Networking. In: Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, 2002, vol. 3: 177– 186
[27] Goyal.V.K., Kovacevic.J.. Generalized multiple description coding with correlating transforms. Information Theory, IEEE Transactions, 2001, vol. 47:2199 - 2224
[28] X. Jin, K.L.Cheng, S.H.Chan. SIM: Scalable Island Multicast for Peer-to-Peer Media Streaming. In: Proc. IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Expo (ICME), 2006, vol.3: 913-916
[29] S. Q. Zhuang, B. Y. Zhao, A. D. Joseph. Bayeux: An Architecture For Scalable and Fault-tolerant Wide-area Data Dissemination. In: Proceedings of the 11th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, 2001, vol.3: 11 - 20
[30] S. Ratnasamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. Karp, S. Shenker. A Scalable Content-Addressable Network. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review,2001,vol. 31:161 - 172
[31] J. Liebeherr, M. Nahas, W. Si. Application-Layer Multicasting with Delaunay Triangulation Overlays. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2002, Vol.20:1472 - 1488
[32] M. Kwon, S. Fahmy. Topology-Aware Overlay Networks for Group Communication. In: Proceedings of the 12th international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video, 2002,vol. 3 :127 - 136
[33] Y.H.Chu, S.G.Rao, S.Seshanand, H.Zhang. A case for end system multicast. Selected Areas in Communication of IEEE Journal,2002,vol.20: 1456–1471
[34] L. Rognant, J. M. Chassery, S. Goze, J. G. Planes. The Delaunay constrained triangulation: the Delaunay stable algorithms. In: Proceedings of 1999 IEEE International Conference, 1999, vol.31:147 - 152
[35] W. C. Wong, S. H. Chan. Improving delaunay triangulation for application level multicast. In: Proceedings of Global Telecommunications Conference,2003,vol. 5:2835–2839
[36] M. Castro, P. Druschel, A.M. Kermarec, A. I. T. Rowstron. Scribe:A large-scale and decentralized application-level multicast infrastructure. Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal, 2002,vol. 20:1489-1499
[37] W.P. K. Yiu, K.F. S.Wong, S.H. G. Chan. Bridge-node selection and loss recovery in island multicast. In: Proc. IEEE ICC, 2005,vol. 2:1304-1308
[38] X. Jin, Y. Wang, S. H. G. Chan. Fast overlay tree based on efficient end-to-end measurements. In: Proc. IEEE ICC, 2005,vol. 2:1319-1323
[39] K.L.Cheng, K.W.R.Cheuk, S.H.Chan. Implementation and performance measurement of an island multicast protocol. In: Proc. IEEE ICC,2005,vol. 2:1299-1303
[40] W. P. Yiu, S. H. Chan. SOT: Secure overlay tree for applicationlayer multicast. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Communications (ICC), 2004, vol.3: 1451-1455
[41] J. Gemmell, T. Montgomery, T. Speakman, J. Crowcroft. The PGM reliable multicast protocol. IEEE Network, 2003, vol. 17:16-22