中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1转录因子基因（WRKY）表达与功能研究
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摘要
植物抗病反应被多种信号途径所调控,抗病基因激活表达是植物对多种病原菌产生响应至关重要的部分。WRKY转录因子是主要参与免疫反应转录调控大基因家族。世界葡萄生产中主栽品种欧洲葡萄(Vitis vinifera)大多不抗病,中国原产野生葡萄抗病性好,但其果实品质不及欧洲葡萄。为有效利用中国野生葡萄抗病相关基因改良欧洲葡萄抗病性,本研究从中国野生华东葡萄高抗白粉病株系白河-35-1中分离获得两个WRKY转录因子基因,并对其表达及功能进行了研究,主要取得以下结果:
1、采用RACE技术对中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1叶片文库两个推定WRKY ESTs进行全长克隆,并命名为中国野生华东葡萄高抗白粉病株系白河-35-1转录因子基因VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2。其中,VpWRKY1 mRNA全长1157bp,开放阅读框969bp,编码322个AA,GenBank登录号为:GQ884198。VpWRKY2 mRNA全长1607bp,开放阅读框为1500bp,编码499个AA,GenBank登录号为GU565706。氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明,VpWRKY1、VpWRKY2分属于WRKY大家族第III、I类。
2、采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在11个葡萄种质(中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系抗病株系‘白河-35-1’、‘白河-13’、‘白河-13-1’、‘广西-1’与感病株系‘白河-35-2’、‘广西-2’、‘商南-2’、‘湖南-1’,感病的欧洲葡萄品种佳利酿及其中国野葡萄华东葡萄抗白粉病株系‘白河-35-1’和感病的欧洲葡萄品种佳利酿杂交F1代抗病和感病代表植株‘6-12-6’和‘6-12-2’)叶片中受白粉菌诱导的表达。结果表明,VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在这11个葡萄种质叶片中都受白粉菌诱导先上调表达,再回到原始水平,上调表达最大值出现在接种后12h。此外,VpWRKY1表达在白河-35-1中被抗病信号分子SA诱导,而VpWRKY2则被三种抗病信号分子SA、JA和Eth诱导。半定量PCR分析VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在中国野葡萄华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1组织特异性表达结果表明,VpWRKY1在根中几乎不表达,在茎中表达最强,叶片和卷须次之。VpWRKY2在茎中表达最强,叶片中表达次之,在根和卷须中表达最弱。
3、采用基因枪介导的瞬时转化技术检测VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在洋葱表皮细胞内定位。结果表明,这两个转录因子都定位在核内。此外,酵母单杂交和瞬时共表达研究结果证实,VpWRKY1在酵母菌株AH109及中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1叶片中都具有转录激活活性,而VpWRKY2仅在白河-35-1叶片中有转录激活活性。
4、采用农杆菌介导的花序浸沾法获得转化VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2基因拟南芥株系,进一步分析结果表明,转基因株系对白粉病抵抗力增强。此外,转化VpWRKY2基因拟南芥幼苗对烟草疫霉菌抵抗提高,但转化VpWRKY1基因拟南芥幼苗对烟草疫霉病抗性未发生变化。
5、实时荧光定量PCR检测转基因拟南芥株系中抗病相关基因AtPR1、AtPR10、AtNPR1、AtCOR1和AtPDF1.2表达结果表明,多数抗病相关基因在转基因株系中的表达发生变化。同时,葡萄抗病相关基因VpPR1、VpPR10及VvNPR1的表达在瞬时转化VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2的中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1组培苗叶片中也显著发生变化。说明抗病基因表达可能受VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2调控。
6、采用同源序列法设计引物克隆获得VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2基因启动子PvpWRKY1和PvpWRKY2。PvpWRKY1长694bp,GenBank登录号为GU565705。PvpWRKY2长643bp,GenBank登录号为HQ174899。在瞬时转化的中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1组培苗叶片中,PvpWRKY1::GUS和PvpWRKY2::GUS融合蛋白的表达被葡萄白粉菌诱导上调,属病原菌诱导型启动子。
Disease responses of plants are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Transcription control of the expression of disease-resistance genes is a crucial part of plant response to a range of disease. WRKY transcription factors are a large family which is mainly involved in transcriptional regulation associated with immune response. Cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens, while Chinese wild grapevines are often resistant to pathogens. To utilize the valuable wild recourse, exploring for promising genes from wild grapevines is the first step for generating transgenic resistant varieties of V. vinifera. In this research, two genes encoding WRKY transcription factors were isolated from Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’. The expression and function of the two genes were studied. The main results were as follows:
1. Full lengths of the two WRKY genes were cloned from Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’by using RACE technique based on the EST sequences, and were designated as VpWRKY1 (GenBank accession no. GQ884198) and VpWRKY2 (GenBank accession no. GU565706). VpWRKY1 cDNA was 1157 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 322 amino acids, while VpWRKY2 was 1607 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 499 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 belong to group III and I, respectively, of the WRKY superfamily.
2. Results of qRT-PCR showed that expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 was induced by Erysiphe necator infection during 6 to 12 hpi in eleven grapevine (The five E. necator-resistant grapevines are Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’,‘Baihe-13’,‘Baihe-13-1’,‘Guangxi-1’, and‘6-12-6’that is a cross between Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’and V. vinifera L. cv. Carignane. The six E. necator-susceptible grapevines were V. vinifera L. cv. Carignane, Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Guangxi-2’,‘Hunan-1’,‘Shangnan-2’,‘Baihe-35-2’, and‘6-12-2’that is another cross between Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’and V. vinifera L. cv. Carignane). In addition, basal VpWRKY1 transcript level in‘Baihe-35-1’was not significantly induced by Eth and MeJA but was slightly induced by SA at 3 hpt (Fig. 1c, d, e). In contrast, VpWRKY2 was induced rapidly by these three signaling molecules with SA as the strongest inducer. Furthermore, results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that expression of VpWRKY1 was strong in stems, followed by in tendrils and leaves, and was almost undetectable in roots, while expression of VpWRKY2 was also strong in stems, but followed by in leaves, and was weak in roots and tendrils.
3. Transient expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 showed that both proteins are localized in the nucleus of onion epidermal cells by using particle bombardment. Besides, VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 can activate reporter GUS expression by binding to the 140-bp promoter fragment that contains three W-boxes by using Agra-bacteria infiltration. Moreover, VpWRKY1 can activate reporter genes expression in yeast by using yeast one hybrid.
4. Ectopic over-expression of VpWRKY1 or VpWRKY2 in Arabidopsis results in enhanced resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum. What’s more, ectopic over-expression of VpWRKY2 in Arabidopsis results in enhanced tolerance to Phytophthora parasitica.
5. Over-expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 regulate the expression of defense maker genes AtPR1、AtPR10、AtNPR1、AtCOR1 and AtPDF1.2 in Arabidopsis, and transient expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 regulate the expression of defense maker genes VpPR1、VpPR10 and VvNPR1 in grapevine leaves, suggesting that expression of defense maker genes is regulated by VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2.
6. Promoter regions of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 were cloned from Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’. The sequences were designated as PvpWRKY1 (GenBank accession no. GU565705) and PvpWRKY2 (GenBank accession no. HQ174899). PvpWRKY1 was 694bp in length, while PvpWRKY2 was 643bp in length. The activity of PvpWRKY1 and PvpWRKY2 was induced by E. necator in leaves of Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’.
1、采用RACE技术对中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1叶片文库两个推定WRKY ESTs进行全长克隆,并命名为中国野生华东葡萄高抗白粉病株系白河-35-1转录因子基因VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2。其中,VpWRKY1 mRNA全长1157bp,开放阅读框969bp,编码322个AA,GenBank登录号为:GQ884198。VpWRKY2 mRNA全长1607bp,开放阅读框为1500bp,编码499个AA,GenBank登录号为GU565706。氨基酸序列同源性分析结果表明,VpWRKY1、VpWRKY2分属于WRKY大家族第III、I类。
2、采用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在11个葡萄种质(中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系抗病株系‘白河-35-1’、‘白河-13’、‘白河-13-1’、‘广西-1’与感病株系‘白河-35-2’、‘广西-2’、‘商南-2’、‘湖南-1’,感病的欧洲葡萄品种佳利酿及其中国野葡萄华东葡萄抗白粉病株系‘白河-35-1’和感病的欧洲葡萄品种佳利酿杂交F1代抗病和感病代表植株‘6-12-6’和‘6-12-2’)叶片中受白粉菌诱导的表达。结果表明,VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在这11个葡萄种质叶片中都受白粉菌诱导先上调表达,再回到原始水平,上调表达最大值出现在接种后12h。此外,VpWRKY1表达在白河-35-1中被抗病信号分子SA诱导,而VpWRKY2则被三种抗病信号分子SA、JA和Eth诱导。半定量PCR分析VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在中国野葡萄华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1组织特异性表达结果表明,VpWRKY1在根中几乎不表达,在茎中表达最强,叶片和卷须次之。VpWRKY2在茎中表达最强,叶片中表达次之,在根和卷须中表达最弱。
3、采用基因枪介导的瞬时转化技术检测VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2在洋葱表皮细胞内定位。结果表明,这两个转录因子都定位在核内。此外,酵母单杂交和瞬时共表达研究结果证实,VpWRKY1在酵母菌株AH109及中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1叶片中都具有转录激活活性,而VpWRKY2仅在白河-35-1叶片中有转录激活活性。
4、采用农杆菌介导的花序浸沾法获得转化VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2基因拟南芥株系,进一步分析结果表明,转基因株系对白粉病抵抗力增强。此外,转化VpWRKY2基因拟南芥幼苗对烟草疫霉菌抵抗提高,但转化VpWRKY1基因拟南芥幼苗对烟草疫霉病抗性未发生变化。
5、实时荧光定量PCR检测转基因拟南芥株系中抗病相关基因AtPR1、AtPR10、AtNPR1、AtCOR1和AtPDF1.2表达结果表明,多数抗病相关基因在转基因株系中的表达发生变化。同时,葡萄抗病相关基因VpPR1、VpPR10及VvNPR1的表达在瞬时转化VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2的中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1组培苗叶片中也显著发生变化。说明抗病基因表达可能受VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2调控。
6、采用同源序列法设计引物克隆获得VpWRKY1和VpWRKY2基因启动子PvpWRKY1和PvpWRKY2。PvpWRKY1长694bp,GenBank登录号为GU565705。PvpWRKY2长643bp,GenBank登录号为HQ174899。在瞬时转化的中国野生华东葡萄抗白粉病株系白河-35-1组培苗叶片中,PvpWRKY1::GUS和PvpWRKY2::GUS融合蛋白的表达被葡萄白粉菌诱导上调,属病原菌诱导型启动子。
Disease responses of plants are regulated by multiple signaling pathways. Transcription control of the expression of disease-resistance genes is a crucial part of plant response to a range of disease. WRKY transcription factors are a large family which is mainly involved in transcriptional regulation associated with immune response. Cultivated grapevine (Vitis vinifera) is susceptible to many pathogens, while Chinese wild grapevines are often resistant to pathogens. To utilize the valuable wild recourse, exploring for promising genes from wild grapevines is the first step for generating transgenic resistant varieties of V. vinifera. In this research, two genes encoding WRKY transcription factors were isolated from Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’. The expression and function of the two genes were studied. The main results were as follows:
1. Full lengths of the two WRKY genes were cloned from Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’by using RACE technique based on the EST sequences, and were designated as VpWRKY1 (GenBank accession no. GQ884198) and VpWRKY2 (GenBank accession no. GU565706). VpWRKY1 cDNA was 1157 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 322 amino acids, while VpWRKY2 was 1607 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 499 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 belong to group III and I, respectively, of the WRKY superfamily.
2. Results of qRT-PCR showed that expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 was induced by Erysiphe necator infection during 6 to 12 hpi in eleven grapevine (The five E. necator-resistant grapevines are Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’,‘Baihe-13’,‘Baihe-13-1’,‘Guangxi-1’, and‘6-12-6’that is a cross between Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’and V. vinifera L. cv. Carignane. The six E. necator-susceptible grapevines were V. vinifera L. cv. Carignane, Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Guangxi-2’,‘Hunan-1’,‘Shangnan-2’,‘Baihe-35-2’, and‘6-12-2’that is another cross between Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’and V. vinifera L. cv. Carignane). In addition, basal VpWRKY1 transcript level in‘Baihe-35-1’was not significantly induced by Eth and MeJA but was slightly induced by SA at 3 hpt (Fig. 1c, d, e). In contrast, VpWRKY2 was induced rapidly by these three signaling molecules with SA as the strongest inducer. Furthermore, results of semi-quantitative RT-PCR showed that expression of VpWRKY1 was strong in stems, followed by in tendrils and leaves, and was almost undetectable in roots, while expression of VpWRKY2 was also strong in stems, but followed by in leaves, and was weak in roots and tendrils.
3. Transient expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 showed that both proteins are localized in the nucleus of onion epidermal cells by using particle bombardment. Besides, VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 can activate reporter GUS expression by binding to the 140-bp promoter fragment that contains three W-boxes by using Agra-bacteria infiltration. Moreover, VpWRKY1 can activate reporter genes expression in yeast by using yeast one hybrid.
4. Ectopic over-expression of VpWRKY1 or VpWRKY2 in Arabidopsis results in enhanced resistance to Erysiphe cichoracearum. What’s more, ectopic over-expression of VpWRKY2 in Arabidopsis results in enhanced tolerance to Phytophthora parasitica.
5. Over-expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 regulate the expression of defense maker genes AtPR1、AtPR10、AtNPR1、AtCOR1 and AtPDF1.2 in Arabidopsis, and transient expression of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 regulate the expression of defense maker genes VpPR1、VpPR10 and VvNPR1 in grapevine leaves, suggesting that expression of defense maker genes is regulated by VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2.
6. Promoter regions of VpWRKY1 and VpWRKY2 were cloned from Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’. The sequences were designated as PvpWRKY1 (GenBank accession no. GU565705) and PvpWRKY2 (GenBank accession no. HQ174899). PvpWRKY1 was 694bp in length, while PvpWRKY2 was 643bp in length. The activity of PvpWRKY1 and PvpWRKY2 was induced by E. necator in leaves of Chinese wild V. pseudoreticulata W. T. Wang‘Baihe-35-1’.
引文
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