提速线路精密测量、重构与优化整正研究
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摘要
铁路轨道的平顺性对列车的运行品质具有重要影响,提速线路对轨道平顺性提出了更高要求。目前,对既有提速铁路的线路长波平顺性检测与维护尚缺乏完整有效的方法和手段。论文在分析国内外相关研究现状的基础上,围绕既有提速铁路的线路精密测量与不平顺性维修养护技术进行相关研究,形成了一套基于CPIII精密控制网的线路精密测量、优化重构和精确整正的理论和方法。论文主要研究内容包括：
针对提速线路长波平顺性检测要求,提出了基于CPIII精密控制网的提速线路测量方法。建立了全站仪自由设站平差计算模型和CPⅢ控制网点位稳定性检测模型,为线路三维空间坐标的连续精密测量和优化重构提供精确的数据来源。
以全站仪设站坐标、棱镜测量数据和轨道内部几何检测数据为依据,构建了基于三维坐标变换的线路中线空间坐标计算模型。针对轨道内部几何参数检测数据中的粗大噪声,采用基于DB1小波基的三尺度小波分解方法对轨道内部几何参数检测信号进行分解,通过3σ准则识别并剔除信号中的高频成分后,对检测信号进行小波重构,从而有效滤除了轨道几何检测数据中的噪声信号。
为实现线路平面曲线的优化重构,建立了基于夹直线最小二乘拟合的测点里程与偏距计算模型。构建了以夹直线交点坐标、曲线半径和缓和曲线长为优化目标的线路连续平面曲线重构优化模型,以单一平面曲线重构结果作为初始最优解,采用Powell-PSO混合优化算法实现了连续平面曲线参数的重构优化计算。
在线路纵断面优化重构的研究中,引入抬压道量加权系数,以最小抬压道量为优化目标、变坡点里程和变坡点高程为优化变量,构建了纵断面连续纵坡优化模型。以单一纵坡的直线最小二乘重构结果作为初始最优解,采用PSO优化算法,实现了纵断面连续坡段的优化重构。在此基础上设计了竖曲线优化重构模型,采用定步长迭代搜索方法,实现了竖曲线半径的优化。
针对提速线路长波、短波平顺性整正要求,依据线路精密测量数据和优化重构结果,提出了适合捣固施工的线路平、纵断面优化整正方案。在此基础上,进一步设计了线路特殊区段(如道岔区段、偏心桥梁区段和钢梁桥区段等)的短波和长波不平顺整正方案。
在广深铁路Ⅰ、Ⅱ线K40-K65时速200km/h区段建成了CPⅢ精测精调试验网,对本文工作进行了试验验证。对该试验区段进行了线路绝对坐标精密测量,对线路平、纵断面进行了优化重构,进而利用重构后的线路参数及平、纵断面调整量,设计了满足长波、短波平顺性要求的线路精确整正方案。对大机养护前后的线路平顺性检测数据进行了对比分析,结果表明试验区段的长波和短波的平顺性水平得到了较大的提高,满足提速线路平顺性指标要求。
围绕本文工作所进行的工程实践表明：本文提出的有关理论、方法与技术方案对提速线路不平顺检测与整正具有理论指导和工程应用价值。
The track regularity has an important influence on the running quality of the train. The raising speed railway has much more stringent requirements of track regularity. Currently, the detection and maintenance of long-wave regularity based on the raising speed railway are still lack of effective approaches and means. On the basis of the analysis of relevant research status at home and abroad, raising speed railway precise measurement and regularity maintenance technology are researched to form a set of theories, methods on track precise measurement, optimal reconstruction and precise adjustment, based on CPⅢ precise control network. The main research contents include:
Aimed at the measurement requirements of long-wave regularity, a raising speed railway measurement technology plan based on CPⅢ precise control network is proposed. The compensating computation model of free-station of total station and stability test model of CPⅢ control point are introduced, which provide the accurate data source for continuous precise measurement and optimal reconstruction of railway three-dimensional space coordinates.
On the basis of total station coordinates, prism measurement data and track inner geometric detection data, the space coordinate calculation model of track central line has been constructed based on the three-dimensional coordinate transformation. Considering the coarse noise in track inner geometric detection data, three-scale wavelet decomposition method based on DB1wavelet is utilized to decompose detection data, and3a criteria is used to identify and eliminate the high-frequency components of the signal, then the detection data is reconstructed using wavelet in order to filter out the noise signal in the track geometry detection data.
In order to achieve the optimal reconstruction of plane curve, the mileage and offset distance calculation model, which is modeled on least square fitting of straight line between curves, is built. The optimal reconstruction model of continuous plane curve is built using intersection of straight line between curves, curve radius and length of transition curve as optimization goals. By using the reconstruction result of single plane curve as the initial optimal solution, a Powell-PSO hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal reconstruction calculation of continuous plane curve parameters.
In the study of profile optimal reconstruction, the weighted coefficients of lift and pressure amount are introduced and the optimization model of profile continuous slope is built, the minimum lift and pressure mount is used as optimization objective, the mileage and elevation of gradient change points are used as optimization variables. Using the linear least square fitting construction result of profile single gradient as initial optimal solution, PSO optimization algorithm is utilized to achieve the optimal reconstruction calculation of continuous slope. On this basis, the optimal model of vertical curve is designed. The optimization of vertical curve radius is achieved by fixed step iterative search methods.
Considering the adjustment requirements of long-wave and short-wave regularity of raising speed railway, according to the line precision measurement data and reconstruction result, an optimal adjustment program of line plane and profile is built which fits the construction of tamping machine. On this basis, the adjustment program of long-wave and short-wave regularity for special sections (such as switch section, eccentric bridge section, and steel beam bridge section) is further designed.
The CPIII precise measurement and adjustment trial network is built in the region from K40to K65of Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway with the speed of200km/h to verify the work of this paper. The absolute coordinate measurement based on CPIII precision control network is completed in the trial region, and the parameters of plane curve and profile are reconstructed. Then the reconstructed parameters are utilized to formulate the adjustment plan of plane and profile which meet the regularity of long wave and short wave. The contrast of before and after detection data of construction of tamping machine shows that:the level of long-wave and short-wave regularity of the trial region has been greatly improved, which meet th]e requirements of raising speed railway.
The engineering practice around the work of this dissertation shows that:the relevant theory, method and technology scheme applied to track irregularity detection and adjustment of raising speed railway have theoretical and engineering application value.
针对提速线路长波平顺性检测要求,提出了基于CPIII精密控制网的提速线路测量方法。建立了全站仪自由设站平差计算模型和CPⅢ控制网点位稳定性检测模型,为线路三维空间坐标的连续精密测量和优化重构提供精确的数据来源。
以全站仪设站坐标、棱镜测量数据和轨道内部几何检测数据为依据,构建了基于三维坐标变换的线路中线空间坐标计算模型。针对轨道内部几何参数检测数据中的粗大噪声,采用基于DB1小波基的三尺度小波分解方法对轨道内部几何参数检测信号进行分解,通过3σ准则识别并剔除信号中的高频成分后,对检测信号进行小波重构,从而有效滤除了轨道几何检测数据中的噪声信号。
为实现线路平面曲线的优化重构,建立了基于夹直线最小二乘拟合的测点里程与偏距计算模型。构建了以夹直线交点坐标、曲线半径和缓和曲线长为优化目标的线路连续平面曲线重构优化模型,以单一平面曲线重构结果作为初始最优解,采用Powell-PSO混合优化算法实现了连续平面曲线参数的重构优化计算。
在线路纵断面优化重构的研究中,引入抬压道量加权系数,以最小抬压道量为优化目标、变坡点里程和变坡点高程为优化变量,构建了纵断面连续纵坡优化模型。以单一纵坡的直线最小二乘重构结果作为初始最优解,采用PSO优化算法,实现了纵断面连续坡段的优化重构。在此基础上设计了竖曲线优化重构模型,采用定步长迭代搜索方法,实现了竖曲线半径的优化。
针对提速线路长波、短波平顺性整正要求,依据线路精密测量数据和优化重构结果,提出了适合捣固施工的线路平、纵断面优化整正方案。在此基础上,进一步设计了线路特殊区段(如道岔区段、偏心桥梁区段和钢梁桥区段等)的短波和长波不平顺整正方案。
在广深铁路Ⅰ、Ⅱ线K40-K65时速200km/h区段建成了CPⅢ精测精调试验网,对本文工作进行了试验验证。对该试验区段进行了线路绝对坐标精密测量,对线路平、纵断面进行了优化重构,进而利用重构后的线路参数及平、纵断面调整量,设计了满足长波、短波平顺性要求的线路精确整正方案。对大机养护前后的线路平顺性检测数据进行了对比分析,结果表明试验区段的长波和短波的平顺性水平得到了较大的提高,满足提速线路平顺性指标要求。
围绕本文工作所进行的工程实践表明：本文提出的有关理论、方法与技术方案对提速线路不平顺检测与整正具有理论指导和工程应用价值。
The track regularity has an important influence on the running quality of the train. The raising speed railway has much more stringent requirements of track regularity. Currently, the detection and maintenance of long-wave regularity based on the raising speed railway are still lack of effective approaches and means. On the basis of the analysis of relevant research status at home and abroad, raising speed railway precise measurement and regularity maintenance technology are researched to form a set of theories, methods on track precise measurement, optimal reconstruction and precise adjustment, based on CPⅢ precise control network. The main research contents include:
Aimed at the measurement requirements of long-wave regularity, a raising speed railway measurement technology plan based on CPⅢ precise control network is proposed. The compensating computation model of free-station of total station and stability test model of CPⅢ control point are introduced, which provide the accurate data source for continuous precise measurement and optimal reconstruction of railway three-dimensional space coordinates.
On the basis of total station coordinates, prism measurement data and track inner geometric detection data, the space coordinate calculation model of track central line has been constructed based on the three-dimensional coordinate transformation. Considering the coarse noise in track inner geometric detection data, three-scale wavelet decomposition method based on DB1wavelet is utilized to decompose detection data, and3a criteria is used to identify and eliminate the high-frequency components of the signal, then the detection data is reconstructed using wavelet in order to filter out the noise signal in the track geometry detection data.
In order to achieve the optimal reconstruction of plane curve, the mileage and offset distance calculation model, which is modeled on least square fitting of straight line between curves, is built. The optimal reconstruction model of continuous plane curve is built using intersection of straight line between curves, curve radius and length of transition curve as optimization goals. By using the reconstruction result of single plane curve as the initial optimal solution, a Powell-PSO hybrid optimization algorithm is proposed to achieve the optimal reconstruction calculation of continuous plane curve parameters.
In the study of profile optimal reconstruction, the weighted coefficients of lift and pressure amount are introduced and the optimization model of profile continuous slope is built, the minimum lift and pressure mount is used as optimization objective, the mileage and elevation of gradient change points are used as optimization variables. Using the linear least square fitting construction result of profile single gradient as initial optimal solution, PSO optimization algorithm is utilized to achieve the optimal reconstruction calculation of continuous slope. On this basis, the optimal model of vertical curve is designed. The optimization of vertical curve radius is achieved by fixed step iterative search methods.
Considering the adjustment requirements of long-wave and short-wave regularity of raising speed railway, according to the line precision measurement data and reconstruction result, an optimal adjustment program of line plane and profile is built which fits the construction of tamping machine. On this basis, the adjustment program of long-wave and short-wave regularity for special sections (such as switch section, eccentric bridge section, and steel beam bridge section) is further designed.
The CPIII precise measurement and adjustment trial network is built in the region from K40to K65of Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway with the speed of200km/h to verify the work of this paper. The absolute coordinate measurement based on CPIII precision control network is completed in the trial region, and the parameters of plane curve and profile are reconstructed. Then the reconstructed parameters are utilized to formulate the adjustment plan of plane and profile which meet the regularity of long wave and short wave. The contrast of before and after detection data of construction of tamping machine shows that:the level of long-wave and short-wave regularity of the trial region has been greatly improved, which meet th]e requirements of raising speed railway.
The engineering practice around the work of this dissertation shows that:the relevant theory, method and technology scheme applied to track irregularity detection and adjustment of raising speed railway have theoretical and engineering application value.
引文
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