双亲性淀粉衍生物/橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究
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摘要
本文研究的双亲性淀粉衍生物/橡胶微多相复合物可赋予橡胶制品特殊表面性能:兼具低滚动阻力和高抗湿滑性,提高抗静电性能,因此有可能用于国际上研究热点——绿色轮胎材料。
在已有研究基础上,制备了多种双亲性淀粉衍生物,包括聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶、苄基淀粉纳米晶和聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉微细颗粒等,取代度或MS(接枝聚苯乙烯单体与淀粉葡萄糖单元的摩尔比)均在0.05左右,粒径在50-500nm。
通过共沉淀技术,将所制得的双亲性淀粉衍生物和天然胶乳、丁苯胶乳共混制备了橡胶微多相复合物,并进一步与天然橡胶、补强剂、硫化剂等在开炼机上混炼,硫化后获得测试样品。研究其机械性能和动态粘弹性,分析了复合材料的抗湿滑性、低滚动阻力性能与双亲性淀粉纳米晶的关系,并研究了其抗静电性能。实验结果表明,在炭黑体系中,添加5%～10%的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶时,可得到较好的抗湿滑性和低的滚动阻力;而在炭黑和白炭黑各50%的体系中,添加15%的样品具有较好的抗湿滑性和低的滚动阻力。在炭黑和白炭黑各50%的体系中,添加15%的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉微细颗粒的样品具有较好的抗湿滑性和低的滚动阻力。添加5%～10%的苄基淀粉纳米晶的白炭黑体系中,样品的滚动阻力降低显著,但抗湿滑性降低,不利于轮胎的安全性。此外,在丁苯胶乳中分散的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶在炭黑体系中,得到的橡胶样品抗湿滑性提高显著,但其滚动阻力则增大。
双亲性淀粉衍生物可以提高橡胶材料的抗静电能力,其中聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶在炭黑和白炭黑各50%体系中添加10%,可以使橡胶材料具有抗静电性能,无静电积蓄,而在炭黑体系中添加5%可进一步提高抗静电性能。
该研究促进含天然高分子的新颖复合材料的研究发展,同时也为绿色轮胎材料的研制积累理论依据。
In this paper the amphiphilic starch derivative/rubber microcomposites and its specific surface properties are studied.Owing to its low rolling resistance and high wet slide resistance,which combined with no accumulation of static charges,this new microcomposites can be used as a green tire material-one of the hotspots of international research.
Amphiphilic starch derivatives including starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals,benzyl starch nanocrystals,fine particles of starch-g-polystyrene are further prepared with granule of 50-500nm,and the molar ratio of styrene monomer(or substituted group) and starch was 0.05.
Amphiphilic starch derivative/rubber microcomposites were prepared through the co-precipitation technology.Further,with the natural rubber, reinforcing agent,curing agent et al mixing in refine rubber machine,the test samples of the microcomposites were prepared after vulcanization.The mechanical property and dynamic viscoelasticity were studied.The effect of amphiphilic starch nanocrystals on the high wet skid resistance properties and low rolling resistance of composites was analyzed,as well as the electric properties.The result showed that,in the carbon black system,with 5%-10% starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals,the tire materials with low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance are got.While in the system which the ratio of carbon black and silica was 1,with 15%starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals and fine particles of starch-g-polystyrene,the tire materials with low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance are got.Besides,in the silica system,with 5%-10%benzyl starch nanocrystals,the tire materials' rolling resistance can be reduced obviously,but wet skid resistance properties, which was important to the safety of the tire,had not been improved.Further more,in the carbon black system,the tire materials,which prepared with the starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals dispersed in the SBR latex,have high wet skid resistance,as well as high rolling resistance.
The result of electric properties test showed that the amphiphilic starch derivative can increase the antistatic properties of tire materials.While in the system of carbon black/silica,with 10%starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals, the tire materials with high antistatic properties are got.While in the carbon black system,with 5%starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals,the antistatic properties can be improved.
So the investigation of this project will be important to accelerate the research and development of new composites with natural polymers and the green tire materials.
在已有研究基础上,制备了多种双亲性淀粉衍生物,包括聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶、苄基淀粉纳米晶和聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉微细颗粒等,取代度或MS(接枝聚苯乙烯单体与淀粉葡萄糖单元的摩尔比)均在0.05左右,粒径在50-500nm。
通过共沉淀技术,将所制得的双亲性淀粉衍生物和天然胶乳、丁苯胶乳共混制备了橡胶微多相复合物,并进一步与天然橡胶、补强剂、硫化剂等在开炼机上混炼,硫化后获得测试样品。研究其机械性能和动态粘弹性,分析了复合材料的抗湿滑性、低滚动阻力性能与双亲性淀粉纳米晶的关系,并研究了其抗静电性能。实验结果表明,在炭黑体系中,添加5%～10%的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶时,可得到较好的抗湿滑性和低的滚动阻力;而在炭黑和白炭黑各50%的体系中,添加15%的样品具有较好的抗湿滑性和低的滚动阻力。在炭黑和白炭黑各50%的体系中,添加15%的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉微细颗粒的样品具有较好的抗湿滑性和低的滚动阻力。添加5%～10%的苄基淀粉纳米晶的白炭黑体系中,样品的滚动阻力降低显著,但抗湿滑性降低,不利于轮胎的安全性。此外,在丁苯胶乳中分散的聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶在炭黑体系中,得到的橡胶样品抗湿滑性提高显著,但其滚动阻力则增大。
双亲性淀粉衍生物可以提高橡胶材料的抗静电能力,其中聚苯乙烯接枝淀粉纳米晶在炭黑和白炭黑各50%体系中添加10%,可以使橡胶材料具有抗静电性能,无静电积蓄,而在炭黑体系中添加5%可进一步提高抗静电性能。
该研究促进含天然高分子的新颖复合材料的研究发展,同时也为绿色轮胎材料的研制积累理论依据。
In this paper the amphiphilic starch derivative/rubber microcomposites and its specific surface properties are studied.Owing to its low rolling resistance and high wet slide resistance,which combined with no accumulation of static charges,this new microcomposites can be used as a green tire material-one of the hotspots of international research.
Amphiphilic starch derivatives including starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals,benzyl starch nanocrystals,fine particles of starch-g-polystyrene are further prepared with granule of 50-500nm,and the molar ratio of styrene monomer(or substituted group) and starch was 0.05.
Amphiphilic starch derivative/rubber microcomposites were prepared through the co-precipitation technology.Further,with the natural rubber, reinforcing agent,curing agent et al mixing in refine rubber machine,the test samples of the microcomposites were prepared after vulcanization.The mechanical property and dynamic viscoelasticity were studied.The effect of amphiphilic starch nanocrystals on the high wet skid resistance properties and low rolling resistance of composites was analyzed,as well as the electric properties.The result showed that,in the carbon black system,with 5%-10% starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals,the tire materials with low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance are got.While in the system which the ratio of carbon black and silica was 1,with 15%starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals and fine particles of starch-g-polystyrene,the tire materials with low rolling resistance and high wet skid resistance are got.Besides,in the silica system,with 5%-10%benzyl starch nanocrystals,the tire materials' rolling resistance can be reduced obviously,but wet skid resistance properties, which was important to the safety of the tire,had not been improved.Further more,in the carbon black system,the tire materials,which prepared with the starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals dispersed in the SBR latex,have high wet skid resistance,as well as high rolling resistance.
The result of electric properties test showed that the amphiphilic starch derivative can increase the antistatic properties of tire materials.While in the system of carbon black/silica,with 10%starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals, the tire materials with high antistatic properties are got.While in the carbon black system,with 5%starch-g-polystyrene nanocrystals,the antistatic properties can be improved.
So the investigation of this project will be important to accelerate the research and development of new composites with natural polymers and the green tire materials.
引文
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