基于准静态场景的认知无线电频谱共享新算法的研究
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摘要
认知无线电(Cognitive Radio, CR)是一种随着无线通信发展的不断需求而产生的新技术。美国联邦通信委员会的调查研究显示,许多由当今固定频谱分配政策确定的频谱段,在大部分的时间里都是空闲着未被使用的。与此矛盾的是,快速发展的当今无线通信技术,却正被频谱资源稀缺和频谱利用率低下的问题困扰着。认知无线电作为一种新型的频谱共享技术,能够智能地探测周围射频信号在空间、时间和频率上的可用信道,通过调整自身的发射参数,自适应的接入空闲信道而不对主用户造成任何干扰,从而最大限度的提高频谱利用率并有效解决上述矛盾。
本论文是在参与新世纪优秀人才计划(项目编号：NCET-06-0091)和国家高新技术863项目(频谱资源共享无线通信系统,项目编号：2009AA011802)的过程中,取得的研究成果。论文基于准静态频谱分配场景,对认知无线电频谱共享算法做了较深入的研究,论文的内容概括如下：
第一章介绍了课题的研究背景和论文基本结构。
第二章介绍了认知无线电的定义及其功能,详细阐述了认知无线电技术在国内外研究现状及其关键技术,并指明了本论文的研究方向。
第三章首先系统地介绍了认知无线电频谱共享的定义及相应的研究思路,给本论文的研究奠定了理论基础。然后,基于准静态场景模型,提出了一种以认知用户网络的吞吐量为优化目标的频谱分配模型,给出了该模型的优化解法并给出了相应的仿真分析。
第四章在第三章的基础上,综合考虑了主用户的动态性能参数,给出了一种更实用的异构认知网络的频谱分配模型,并给出了理论分析,同时,仿真结果也验证了该模型及其算法的可行性。
第五章总结全文,并进一步指明了后续的研究方向。
Cognitive radio (CR) technology emerges as the times require. According to some studies sponsored by Federal Communications Commission, many frequency bands that are regulated by the traditional fixed spectrum allocation policy, are not occupied or idle in most of the time. However, rapid development of wireless communication technologies is seriously challenged by the spectrum scarcity and low spectrum utilization problem. Fortunately, CR is the promising technology to sense and interact with its surrounding radio environment, and then enables secondary user (SU) to access licensed spectrum bands. Therefore, this dynamic spectrum access technology can dramatically enhance spectrum utilization.
This dissertation is a result of the following two programs, that is, New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET) under Grant No. NCET-06-0091 and the National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 program) under Grant No.2009AA011802. On the basis of the quasistatic spectrum environment, this dissertation does some further researches and analysis in the area of CR spectrum sharing. The content is organized as follows.
Chapter one introduces the background of the research topic and presents some general information of this dissertation.
Chapter two gives out the definition and the function of the CR, as well as the key technologies and the current research situations at home and abroad in detail, which offers a research clue for the author.
Chapter three first presents some introductions of the spectrum sharing in CR, including the definition and some general research ideas by the numbers, which provides the author a theoretical basis of this research topic. and then the author constructs a spectrum allocation model based on the quasistatic spectrum environment, optimizing the whole CR network's throughput. Simulations approve the feasibility of this model and the corresponding solution algorithms.
The model in chapter four is still on the basis of the quasistatic spectrum environment. Being different, it takes primary user activity and the heterogeneity of the CR networks into account, which makes itself a more feasible spectrum sharing model. Further, the performance analysis and simulation confirms this spectrum sharing strategy.
Chapter five concludes the whole dissertation and points the future research area about the spectrum sharing in CR.
本论文是在参与新世纪优秀人才计划(项目编号：NCET-06-0091)和国家高新技术863项目(频谱资源共享无线通信系统,项目编号：2009AA011802)的过程中,取得的研究成果。论文基于准静态频谱分配场景,对认知无线电频谱共享算法做了较深入的研究,论文的内容概括如下：
第一章介绍了课题的研究背景和论文基本结构。
第二章介绍了认知无线电的定义及其功能,详细阐述了认知无线电技术在国内外研究现状及其关键技术,并指明了本论文的研究方向。
第三章首先系统地介绍了认知无线电频谱共享的定义及相应的研究思路,给本论文的研究奠定了理论基础。然后,基于准静态场景模型,提出了一种以认知用户网络的吞吐量为优化目标的频谱分配模型,给出了该模型的优化解法并给出了相应的仿真分析。
第四章在第三章的基础上,综合考虑了主用户的动态性能参数,给出了一种更实用的异构认知网络的频谱分配模型,并给出了理论分析,同时,仿真结果也验证了该模型及其算法的可行性。
第五章总结全文,并进一步指明了后续的研究方向。
Cognitive radio (CR) technology emerges as the times require. According to some studies sponsored by Federal Communications Commission, many frequency bands that are regulated by the traditional fixed spectrum allocation policy, are not occupied or idle in most of the time. However, rapid development of wireless communication technologies is seriously challenged by the spectrum scarcity and low spectrum utilization problem. Fortunately, CR is the promising technology to sense and interact with its surrounding radio environment, and then enables secondary user (SU) to access licensed spectrum bands. Therefore, this dynamic spectrum access technology can dramatically enhance spectrum utilization.
This dissertation is a result of the following two programs, that is, New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET) under Grant No. NCET-06-0091 and the National High-tech R&D Program of China (863 program) under Grant No.2009AA011802. On the basis of the quasistatic spectrum environment, this dissertation does some further researches and analysis in the area of CR spectrum sharing. The content is organized as follows.
Chapter one introduces the background of the research topic and presents some general information of this dissertation.
Chapter two gives out the definition and the function of the CR, as well as the key technologies and the current research situations at home and abroad in detail, which offers a research clue for the author.
Chapter three first presents some introductions of the spectrum sharing in CR, including the definition and some general research ideas by the numbers, which provides the author a theoretical basis of this research topic. and then the author constructs a spectrum allocation model based on the quasistatic spectrum environment, optimizing the whole CR network's throughput. Simulations approve the feasibility of this model and the corresponding solution algorithms.
The model in chapter four is still on the basis of the quasistatic spectrum environment. Being different, it takes primary user activity and the heterogeneity of the CR networks into account, which makes itself a more feasible spectrum sharing model. Further, the performance analysis and simulation confirms this spectrum sharing strategy.
Chapter five concludes the whole dissertation and points the future research area about the spectrum sharing in CR.
引文
[1]FCC. ET Docket No 03-222 Notice of proposed rule making and order, December, 2003.
[2]J. Mitola, Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal, in IEEE Pers Commun,1999,6(4).
[3]J. Mitola, Cognitive radio:an integrated agent architecture for software defined radio. Doctor of Technology,2000.
[4]周贤伟,王建萍,王春江,认知无线电,国防工业出版社,2005,2页.
[5]S. Haykin, Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wireless communications, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23(2):128-138.
[6]I.F. Akyildiz, W. Lee, M.C. Vuran, A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE Communications Magazine,2008, pp:40.
[7]杨小牛,从软件无线电到认知无线电,走向终极无线电,见中国电子科学研究学报,2008,第3卷,1-7页。
[8]B. Mercier, V.Fodor, R.Thobaben, Sensor networks for cognitive radio:Theory and system design, in ICT Mobile Summit, Stockholm, Sweden,2008.
[9]W.Wang, T.Peng, Optimal power control under interference temperature constraints in cognitive radio network, in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2007. WCNC 2007, pp:116-120.
[10]G.Ganesan, Y.and Li, Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, in Proc. IEEE DySPAN,2005, vol.2005, pp:137-143.
[11]Xie Weihe, Liu Feng, Ma Lemei, Application of Fuzzy Clustering Analysis for Ship-to-Shore Gun Firing, in Command Control and Simulation,2006, vol.6.
[12]Papamichail, KN and S.French, Design and evaluation of an intelligent decision support system for nuclear emergencies, in Decision Support Systems, Elsevier, 2005, vol.41, pp:84-111.
[13]Z.Ji, and K.J.R.Liu, Dynamic spectrum sharing:a game theoretical overview, in IEEE Communications Magazine, IEEE Institute Of Electrical And Electronics, 2007, vol.45, pp:88.
[14]L.Godard, and C.Moy, and J.Palicot, From a configuration management to a cognitive radio management of SDR systems, in CrownCom,2006, vol.6, pp: 8-10.
[15]E.S.Sousa, Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks:requirements, challenges and design trade-offs, in IEEE Communications Magazine,2008, pp: 33.
[16]M. Gandetto, and C.Regazzoni, Spectrum sensing:A distributed approach for cognitive terminals, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2007, vol.25, pp:546.
[17]A. Ramezani, and M.Reza, and S.Bahrampour, Select Reliable Strategy in Multi-agent Systems Using Fuzzy Logic-based Fusion, in Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (AMS), IEEE Computer Society,2007, pp:13-17.
[18]Liu Weidong, Lv Tiejun, A Novel Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on Fuzzy Integral Theory in Cognitive Radio Networks, in in Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2009. WiCom '09,2009, pp:1-4.
[19]Q.Zhao, and B.M.Sadler, A survey of dynamic spectrum access, in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Citeseer,2007, vol.24, pp:79.
[20]Functional requirement for the 802.22 WRAN Standard, http://www.ieee802.org/22/.
[21]AAF Project:Data communication in emergency situations through cognitive radio. http://www.wme.ewi.trdelft.nl.
[22]R.Greenstadt, Cognitive security for personal devices, in Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Workshop on AISec, ACM New York, NY, USA,2008, pp: 27-30.
[23]IEEE 802.22 working group on wireless regional area networks, http://www.ieee802.org/22/.
[24]I.F. Akyildiz, W. Lee, M.C. Vuran, Next generation dynamic spectrum access cognitive radio networks, in Computer networks journal(Elsevier),2006,1(50): 2127-2159.
[25]A.Stine, spectrum management:the killer application ofad hoc and mesh networking laboratory technical report,2006.
[26]I.F. Akyildiz, X. Wang, W.Wang, Wireless mesh networks:a survey, in Computer networks Journal,2005,47:445-487.
[27]L.Berlemann, S.Mangold, B.H.Walke, Policy-based reasoning for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in proc.IEEE DySPAN 2005, pp:1-10.
[28]D.Maldonado, B.Lie, L.Hugine, Cognitive radio applications to dynamic spectrum allocation, in proc.IEEE Dyspan 2005, pp:597-600.
[29]R.Murty, software-defined reconfigurability radios:smart, agile, cognitive, and interoperable, technology, in Intel Magazine,2003.
[30]R.Zhang, and Y.C.Liang, Exploiting multi-antennas for opportunistic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc,3 Park Avenue,17 th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 USA,2008, vol.2, pp:88-102.
[31]F. Wang, and M. Krunz, and S.Cui, Spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM,2008, pp:1885-1893.
[32]D.Niyato, and E.Hossain, Competitive pricing for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks:dynamic game, inefficiency of Nash equilibrium, and collusion, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2008, vol.26, pp:192.202.
[33]J.Unnikrishnan, and V. Veeravalli, Cooperative sensing for primary detection in cognitive radio, in IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2008, vol.2, pp:18-27.
[34]A. Goldsmith, and S.A.Jafar, and I.Maric, Breaking spectrum gridlock with cognitive radios:An information theoretic perspective, in Proceedings of the IEEE,2009, vol.97, pp:894-914.
[35]D.I.Kim, and L.B. Le, and E.Hossain, Joint rate and power allocation for cognitive radios in dynamic spectrum access environment, in IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun,2008, vol.7, pp:5517-5527.
[36]S.Haykin, Fundamental Issues in Cognitive Radio, in Cognitive Wireless Communications Networks, Springer,2007.
[37]B.Atakan, BIOlogically-inspired Spectrum Sharing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE WCNC proceedings 2007, pp:43-48.
[38]Y.Thomas HOU, Spectrum sharing for multi-hop networking with cognitive radios, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Jan.2008, vol.26, pp:146-155.
[39]M.Ma, D.H.K.Tsang, Impact of channel heterogeneity on spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE ICC proceedings 2008, pp:2377-2382.
[40]L. Georgiadis and L. Tassiulas, Resource allocation and cross layer control in wireless networks, Now Publishers Inc,2006.
[41]M. Kodialam and T. Nandagopal, Characterizing the capacity region in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks, in Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking. ACM New York, NY, USA,2005, pp.73-87.
[42]C. Xin, B. Xie, and C. Shen, A novel layered graph model for topology formation and routing in dynamic spectrum access networks, in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005. DySPAN 2005, pp.308-317.
[43]Wang Wei, Lv Tiejun, A Novel Spectrum Sharing Algorithm Based on the Throughput of Cognitive Radio Networks, in Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2009. WiCom '09,2009, pp:1-4.
[44]J.He, J.Xiang, Y.Zhang, Dynamic and Fair Spectrum Access for Autonomous Communications, in Autonomic Computing and Networking,2009, pp:435.
[45]L.Georgiadis, L.Tassiulas, Resource allocation and cross layer control in wireless networks, Now Publishers Inc,2006.
[46]C.Wong, R.Cheng, K.Lataief, Multiuser OFDM with adaptive subcarrier, bit, and power allocation, in IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, vol.17 (10), pp:1747-1758.
[47]I.Kim, I.Park, Y.Lee, Use of linear programming for dynamic subcarrier and bit allocation in multiuser OFDM, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2006, vol.55 (4), pp:1195.
[2]J. Mitola, Cognitive radio:making software radios more personal, in IEEE Pers Commun,1999,6(4).
[3]J. Mitola, Cognitive radio:an integrated agent architecture for software defined radio. Doctor of Technology,2000.
[4]周贤伟,王建萍,王春江,认知无线电,国防工业出版社,2005,2页.
[5]S. Haykin, Cognitive radio:brain-empowered wireless communications, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2005,23(2):128-138.
[6]I.F. Akyildiz, W. Lee, M.C. Vuran, A survey on spectrum management in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE Communications Magazine,2008, pp:40.
[7]杨小牛,从软件无线电到认知无线电,走向终极无线电,见中国电子科学研究学报,2008,第3卷,1-7页。
[8]B. Mercier, V.Fodor, R.Thobaben, Sensor networks for cognitive radio:Theory and system design, in ICT Mobile Summit, Stockholm, Sweden,2008.
[9]W.Wang, T.Peng, Optimal power control under interference temperature constraints in cognitive radio network, in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference,2007. WCNC 2007, pp:116-120.
[10]G.Ganesan, Y.and Li, Cooperative spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks, in Proc. IEEE DySPAN,2005, vol.2005, pp:137-143.
[11]Xie Weihe, Liu Feng, Ma Lemei, Application of Fuzzy Clustering Analysis for Ship-to-Shore Gun Firing, in Command Control and Simulation,2006, vol.6.
[12]Papamichail, KN and S.French, Design and evaluation of an intelligent decision support system for nuclear emergencies, in Decision Support Systems, Elsevier, 2005, vol.41, pp:84-111.
[13]Z.Ji, and K.J.R.Liu, Dynamic spectrum sharing:a game theoretical overview, in IEEE Communications Magazine, IEEE Institute Of Electrical And Electronics, 2007, vol.45, pp:88.
[14]L.Godard, and C.Moy, and J.Palicot, From a configuration management to a cognitive radio management of SDR systems, in CrownCom,2006, vol.6, pp: 8-10.
[15]E.S.Sousa, Spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks:requirements, challenges and design trade-offs, in IEEE Communications Magazine,2008, pp: 33.
[16]M. Gandetto, and C.Regazzoni, Spectrum sensing:A distributed approach for cognitive terminals, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2007, vol.25, pp:546.
[17]A. Ramezani, and M.Reza, and S.Bahrampour, Select Reliable Strategy in Multi-agent Systems Using Fuzzy Logic-based Fusion, in Proceedings of the 2008 Second Asia International Conference on Modelling and Simulation (AMS), IEEE Computer Society,2007, pp:13-17.
[18]Liu Weidong, Lv Tiejun, A Novel Cooperative Spectrum Sensing Scheme Based on Fuzzy Integral Theory in Cognitive Radio Networks, in in Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2009. WiCom '09,2009, pp:1-4.
[19]Q.Zhao, and B.M.Sadler, A survey of dynamic spectrum access, in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, Citeseer,2007, vol.24, pp:79.
[20]Functional requirement for the 802.22 WRAN Standard, http://www.ieee802.org/22/.
[21]AAF Project:Data communication in emergency situations through cognitive radio. http://www.wme.ewi.trdelft.nl.
[22]R.Greenstadt, Cognitive security for personal devices, in Proceedings of the 1st ACM workshop on Workshop on AISec, ACM New York, NY, USA,2008, pp: 27-30.
[23]IEEE 802.22 working group on wireless regional area networks, http://www.ieee802.org/22/.
[24]I.F. Akyildiz, W. Lee, M.C. Vuran, Next generation dynamic spectrum access cognitive radio networks, in Computer networks journal(Elsevier),2006,1(50): 2127-2159.
[25]A.Stine, spectrum management:the killer application ofad hoc and mesh networking laboratory technical report,2006.
[26]I.F. Akyildiz, X. Wang, W.Wang, Wireless mesh networks:a survey, in Computer networks Journal,2005,47:445-487.
[27]L.Berlemann, S.Mangold, B.H.Walke, Policy-based reasoning for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in proc.IEEE DySPAN 2005, pp:1-10.
[28]D.Maldonado, B.Lie, L.Hugine, Cognitive radio applications to dynamic spectrum allocation, in proc.IEEE Dyspan 2005, pp:597-600.
[29]R.Murty, software-defined reconfigurability radios:smart, agile, cognitive, and interoperable, technology, in Intel Magazine,2003.
[30]R.Zhang, and Y.C.Liang, Exploiting multi-antennas for opportunistic spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc,3 Park Avenue,17 th Fl New York NY 10016-5997 USA,2008, vol.2, pp:88-102.
[31]F. Wang, and M. Krunz, and S.Cui, Spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in Proc. of IEEE INFOCOM,2008, pp:1885-1893.
[32]D.Niyato, and E.Hossain, Competitive pricing for spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks:dynamic game, inefficiency of Nash equilibrium, and collusion, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2008, vol.26, pp:192.202.
[33]J.Unnikrishnan, and V. Veeravalli, Cooperative sensing for primary detection in cognitive radio, in IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Signal Processing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers,2008, vol.2, pp:18-27.
[34]A. Goldsmith, and S.A.Jafar, and I.Maric, Breaking spectrum gridlock with cognitive radios:An information theoretic perspective, in Proceedings of the IEEE,2009, vol.97, pp:894-914.
[35]D.I.Kim, and L.B. Le, and E.Hossain, Joint rate and power allocation for cognitive radios in dynamic spectrum access environment, in IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun,2008, vol.7, pp:5517-5527.
[36]S.Haykin, Fundamental Issues in Cognitive Radio, in Cognitive Wireless Communications Networks, Springer,2007.
[37]B.Atakan, BIOlogically-inspired Spectrum Sharing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE WCNC proceedings 2007, pp:43-48.
[38]Y.Thomas HOU, Spectrum sharing for multi-hop networking with cognitive radios, in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Jan.2008, vol.26, pp:146-155.
[39]M.Ma, D.H.K.Tsang, Impact of channel heterogeneity on spectrum sharing in cognitive radio networks, in IEEE ICC proceedings 2008, pp:2377-2382.
[40]L. Georgiadis and L. Tassiulas, Resource allocation and cross layer control in wireless networks, Now Publishers Inc,2006.
[41]M. Kodialam and T. Nandagopal, Characterizing the capacity region in multi-radio multi-channel wireless mesh networks, in Proceedings of the 11th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking. ACM New York, NY, USA,2005, pp.73-87.
[42]C. Xin, B. Xie, and C. Shen, A novel layered graph model for topology formation and routing in dynamic spectrum access networks, in New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks,2005. DySPAN 2005, pp.308-317.
[43]Wang Wei, Lv Tiejun, A Novel Spectrum Sharing Algorithm Based on the Throughput of Cognitive Radio Networks, in Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing,2009. WiCom '09,2009, pp:1-4.
[44]J.He, J.Xiang, Y.Zhang, Dynamic and Fair Spectrum Access for Autonomous Communications, in Autonomic Computing and Networking,2009, pp:435.
[45]L.Georgiadis, L.Tassiulas, Resource allocation and cross layer control in wireless networks, Now Publishers Inc,2006.
[46]C.Wong, R.Cheng, K.Lataief, Multiuser OFDM with adaptive subcarrier, bit, and power allocation, in IEEE Journal on selected areas in communications, vol.17 (10), pp:1747-1758.
[47]I.Kim, I.Park, Y.Lee, Use of linear programming for dynamic subcarrier and bit allocation in multiuser OFDM, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2006, vol.55 (4), pp:1195.