基于WEB-GIS的多源SAR图像数据库系统
摘要
本文简要介绍了星载微波合成孔径雷达(SAR)传感器的特点及其图像数据存储技术,遥感图像数据库管理系统的国内外现状,以及Web-GIS技术的基本概念和发展动态。借鉴美国UND开发的针对Landsat图像的DNGP平台,利用开源软件设计并实现了基于Web-GIS的SAR图像数据库系统。
系统构架采用三层的B/S模式,分为用户服务层、业务逻辑层和数据库服务层。其中,用户服务层是客户端,业务逻辑层和数据库服务层是服务器端。系统的特点是胖服务器端/瘦客户端。服务器端完成SAR图像数据管理、用户管理、辅助信息和管理子系统等功能,其中,SAR图像数据管理包括图像预处理、图像检索及图像浏览、订购和下载等;用户管理包括用户注册、修改用户信息及用户登录等;辅助信息包括帮助信息、相关网站链接和新闻等。客户端仅完成对用户的请求处理及结果的显示。
系统平台全部采用开源软件构架,操作系统为Linux--Fedora Core 10。用户服务层采用HTML、CSS以及Ajax等技术。业务逻辑层由地图服务器和Web服务器组成,采用UMN Mapserver为核心辅以GDAL、Proj和Freetype等开源组件作为地图服务器;采用Apache作为Web服务器。数据库服务层采用PostgreSQL及其空间数据库组件PostGIS作为数据库服务软件。PostGIS能够处理空间地理信息的相关操作,为SAR数据的存储和来自业务逻辑层的相关请求提供有力的支持。本系统采用开源软件都遵循Open GIS Consortium(OGC)协议,为系统的通信和今后的扩展升级提供了便利。
本文针对海洋遥感教育部重点实验室的研究需求,考虑了多源SAR图像数据的存储和管理。由于各种SAR传感器的数据格式都不相同,给数据存储及管理带来不便。为了解决这一问题,把各种格式的SAR图像数据转换成GeoTIFF图像格式。图像转换的同时,完成了SAR图像的几何校正。目前国际上的以SAR数据产品浏览和订购为主要目标的SAR数据管理和服务平台一般不针对多源SAR数据。本文完成的基于Web-GIS的SAR图像数据库系统ORSISAR已在海洋遥感教育部重点实验室试运行。
This paper briefly introduced to the characters of the satellite microwave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and its image storage technology, the domestic and foreign situation of remote sensing images storage in these days, and the basic conception and the last development trends of Web-GIS. Using for reference to the Landsat image distribution system– DNGP developed by UND, Taking advantage of open source software, a Web-GIS based SAR image database system is designed and completed.
Based on the three tier Browser/Server (B/S) architecture model, the system is consisted by three function logic tiers: user service tier, business logic tier, and database service tier. The user service tier is client side and the business logic and database service tiers are server side. The characteristic of the system is fat server and thin client side. The server side has the functions of SAR image management, user management, assistant information, and management sub-system. SAR image management includes image preprocessing, image searching, display and download. User management includes user registration, user information modification, and user logging in. Assistant information includes help information, interrelated website link and news. The client side just has the functions of user request processing and results display.
The system platform is all built by open source software. Operation system is Linux-Fedora Core 10. Client service tier used HTML, CSS, Javascript ,and Ajax, etc. The business logic tier is consisted of map server and web server, in which map server software is UMN Mapserver combining with GDAL, Proj, and FreeType, and the web server software is Apache. The database service tier is managed by PostgreSQL/PostGIS. PostGIS is a spatial extension of PostgreSQL to enable the geographic objects support, which provides the support for the SAR image storage and requests from business logic tier. All the open source software is in the restriction of Open GIS Consortium (OGC), which provides convenience for the data transaction and extension of the system.
To meet the research requirement of the National Laboratory for Ocean Remote Sensing of MOE, the storage and management of multiple SAR image data are considered. Different SAR sensor has different data format, which give the inconvenience to the data storage and management. In order to solve this problem, different SAR image is converted into GeoTIFF format, and the image Geometric correction is finished at the same time. Nowadays, almost all of the service systems, around the world, for SAR data management targeting to the SAR data display and ordering don’t provide multiple SAR data service. The Web-GIS based SAR database system– ORSI SAR presented by this thesis is running in the National Laboratory for Ocean Remote Sensing of MOE for test.
系统构架采用三层的B/S模式,分为用户服务层、业务逻辑层和数据库服务层。其中,用户服务层是客户端,业务逻辑层和数据库服务层是服务器端。系统的特点是胖服务器端/瘦客户端。服务器端完成SAR图像数据管理、用户管理、辅助信息和管理子系统等功能,其中,SAR图像数据管理包括图像预处理、图像检索及图像浏览、订购和下载等;用户管理包括用户注册、修改用户信息及用户登录等;辅助信息包括帮助信息、相关网站链接和新闻等。客户端仅完成对用户的请求处理及结果的显示。
系统平台全部采用开源软件构架,操作系统为Linux--Fedora Core 10。用户服务层采用HTML、CSS以及Ajax等技术。业务逻辑层由地图服务器和Web服务器组成,采用UMN Mapserver为核心辅以GDAL、Proj和Freetype等开源组件作为地图服务器;采用Apache作为Web服务器。数据库服务层采用PostgreSQL及其空间数据库组件PostGIS作为数据库服务软件。PostGIS能够处理空间地理信息的相关操作,为SAR数据的存储和来自业务逻辑层的相关请求提供有力的支持。本系统采用开源软件都遵循Open GIS Consortium(OGC)协议,为系统的通信和今后的扩展升级提供了便利。
本文针对海洋遥感教育部重点实验室的研究需求,考虑了多源SAR图像数据的存储和管理。由于各种SAR传感器的数据格式都不相同,给数据存储及管理带来不便。为了解决这一问题,把各种格式的SAR图像数据转换成GeoTIFF图像格式。图像转换的同时,完成了SAR图像的几何校正。目前国际上的以SAR数据产品浏览和订购为主要目标的SAR数据管理和服务平台一般不针对多源SAR数据。本文完成的基于Web-GIS的SAR图像数据库系统ORSISAR已在海洋遥感教育部重点实验室试运行。
This paper briefly introduced to the characters of the satellite microwave Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and its image storage technology, the domestic and foreign situation of remote sensing images storage in these days, and the basic conception and the last development trends of Web-GIS. Using for reference to the Landsat image distribution system– DNGP developed by UND, Taking advantage of open source software, a Web-GIS based SAR image database system is designed and completed.
Based on the three tier Browser/Server (B/S) architecture model, the system is consisted by three function logic tiers: user service tier, business logic tier, and database service tier. The user service tier is client side and the business logic and database service tiers are server side. The characteristic of the system is fat server and thin client side. The server side has the functions of SAR image management, user management, assistant information, and management sub-system. SAR image management includes image preprocessing, image searching, display and download. User management includes user registration, user information modification, and user logging in. Assistant information includes help information, interrelated website link and news. The client side just has the functions of user request processing and results display.
The system platform is all built by open source software. Operation system is Linux-Fedora Core 10. Client service tier used HTML, CSS, Javascript ,and Ajax, etc. The business logic tier is consisted of map server and web server, in which map server software is UMN Mapserver combining with GDAL, Proj, and FreeType, and the web server software is Apache. The database service tier is managed by PostgreSQL/PostGIS. PostGIS is a spatial extension of PostgreSQL to enable the geographic objects support, which provides the support for the SAR image storage and requests from business logic tier. All the open source software is in the restriction of Open GIS Consortium (OGC), which provides convenience for the data transaction and extension of the system.
To meet the research requirement of the National Laboratory for Ocean Remote Sensing of MOE, the storage and management of multiple SAR image data are considered. Different SAR sensor has different data format, which give the inconvenience to the data storage and management. In order to solve this problem, different SAR image is converted into GeoTIFF format, and the image Geometric correction is finished at the same time. Nowadays, almost all of the service systems, around the world, for SAR data management targeting to the SAR data display and ordering don’t provide multiple SAR data service. The Web-GIS based SAR database system– ORSI SAR presented by this thesis is running in the National Laboratory for Ocean Remote Sensing of MOE for test.
引文
[1] Seelye Martin. An Introduction to Ocean Remote Sensing. Cambridge,2004.
[2] John C. Curlander. Robert N. McDonough. Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 2004.
[3]杨超伟,李琦,承继成,齐锐,黄磊,张大力遥感影像的Web发布研究与实现.遥感学报,2000,4(1):71-75.
[4]李建任,朱美正,李欣.基于WebServices的空间地理信息服务.计算机工程与应用. 2004, 30: 172-174.
[5] Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering, sixth edition, McGraw.Hill Higher Education, 2005
[6] Tyler Mitchell. Web Mapping Illustrated Using Open Source GIS Toolkits. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2005
[7] http://dngp.umac.org/newdngp372/index.php
[8] Jing Wang. A Web Based GIS Database System:【Master dissertation】. Grand Forks ND USA: University of North Dakota, 2005
[9] Kalpesh Raicha. A Content Delivery Method and Context-Sensitive User Interface for a Web-Enabled Geographic Information System.【Master dissertation】. Grand Forks ND USA: University of North Dakota, 2006
[10] Schuyler Erle, Rich Gibson, Jo Walsh. Mapping Hacks Tips & Tools for Electronic Cartography. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2005.
[11] Sanjay R. Topological Data Structures for Surfaces: An application to Geograhpical Information Science. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004, PP.63-83.
[12] Stewart F.,Peter R. Spatial Analysis and GIS. Bristol PA USA: Taylor & Francis Inc, 1994, PP.166-217.
[13] Michael N. Demers. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (Third Edition).New York: Wiley, 2005, PP.129-181.
[14] Ghezzi, Carlo, Jazayeri, Mehdi, Mandrioli, Dino, Fundamentals of Software Engineering, second edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.
[15] Paul Ramsey. The State of Open Source GIS. Refractions Research Inc.2007
[16] http://www.gdal.org/.
[17] http://mapserver.org/
[18] Bill Kropla. Beginning MapServer Open Source GIS Development. New York : Apress. 2005
[19] http://www.postgresql.org/
[20] http://postgis.refractions.net/
[21] http://trac.osgeo.org/geotiff/.
[22]谢文君,孟令奎,黄长青,支晓林,陈小丰.一种基于XML的WebGIS研究与实现.地理空间信息, 2006, 4(2):58-60.
[23]朱秋萍,李艳梅,李永茂,茹国宝.一种基于WebGIS的导航系统的设计与实现.武汉大学学报(自然科学版),2000,46(3),381-384.
[24] Geoffrey Anderson,Rafael Moreno-Sanchez. Building Web-Based Spatial Information Solutions around Open Specifications and Open Source Software.Transactions in GIS,2003,7(4):477-466.
[25] Roger S. Pressman Software Engineering, sixth edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2005.
[26] Kris Kolodziej. OpenGIS Web Map Server Cookbook. Open GIS Consortium Inc. 2003
[27] David Sklar, Learning PHP 5, 2004.
[28] Yosef C. Javascript Cookbook. Yew York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.PP.65-533.
[29] Danny Goodman, Javascript Bible, 3rd edition, 1998.
[30] Zak Greant, Graeme Merrall, Torben Wilson, and Brett Michlitsch (2002). PHP Functions Essential Reference, first edition, New Riders, 2002.
[31] David Flannagan. JavaScript: The Definitive Guide (Second Edition). O'Reilly & Associates, 1997, PP.356-502.
[32] http://www.php.net/
[33] http://www.apache.org/
[34] David A. and Michael Z. Designing Geodatabases : CaseStudies in GIS Data Modeling. Redlands CA USA : ESRI, 2004, PP.208-306.
[35] Remez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Third Edition, 2000.
[36] J. Allison Butler, Kenneth J. Dueker. A Primer on GIS-T Databases. Portland OR USA: Portland State University, 2000, PP.113-500
[37] Bruce Momjian. PostgreSQL Introduction and Concepts. Boston : Addison Wesley, 2000, PP.336-527.
[38] John E. Harmon, Steven J. Aderson. The Design and Implementation of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003.
[39] Melita Kennedy, Steve Kopp. Understanding Map Projections. GIS by ESRI. 2000, PP.133-151.
[40] John P. Snyder. Map Projection– A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. United State Government Printing Office, Washington, 1987, PP.113-158.
[41] W. Jason Gilmore and Robert H. Treat. Beginning PHP and PostgreSQL 8 From Novice to Professional. New York: Apress. 2006.
[42] Neil Matthew, Richard Stones. Beginning Databases with PostgreSQL From Novice to Professional, Second Edition. New York: Apress. 2005.
[43] Yannis Manolopoulos, Apostolos N. Papadopoulos, Michael Gr. Vassilakopoulos.Spatial Databases: Technologies, Techniques and Trends. London: IDEA group Publishing. 2005.
[44] Albert K.W. Yeung, G.Brent All. Spatial Database Systems: Design, Implementation and Project Management. Canada : Springer. 2007.
[45] M. A. Brovelli , D. Magni. An archaeological Web GIS Application Based on Mapserver and PostGIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2003, XXXIV, 89-92.
[46] Bruce Momjian. PostgreSQL: Introduction and Concepts. Boston : Addison Wesley, 2001.
[47] Suzana dragicevic,Shivanand Balram.A. WEB GIS Collaborative Framework to Structure and Manage Distributed Planning Process. Journal of Geograph System, 2004, 6:133-153.
[48] Vivek Sehgal, Lise Getoor, Peter D. Viec hnicki. Entity Resolution in Geospatial Data Integration. ACM-GIS Conference, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 10-11 Nov. 2006, 83-90.
[49] A. Saafeld. Conflation-automated Map Compilation. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1988, 2(3):217-228.
[50] A. Samal, S. Seth, and K. Cueto. A Feature Based Approach to Conflation of Geospatial Sources. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 2004, 18:1-31.
[51] C. Beeri, Y. Kanza, E. Safra, and Y. Sagiv. Object Fusion inGeographic Information Systems. In International Conference on Very Large Data Bases,2004.
[52] Menno-Jan Kraak. The role of the map in a Web-GIS environment. Journal of Geograph System,2004, 6:83-89.
[2] John C. Curlander. Robert N. McDonough. Synthetic Aperture Radar: Systems and Signal Processing. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 2004.
[3]杨超伟,李琦,承继成,齐锐,黄磊,张大力遥感影像的Web发布研究与实现.遥感学报,2000,4(1):71-75.
[4]李建任,朱美正,李欣.基于WebServices的空间地理信息服务.计算机工程与应用. 2004, 30: 172-174.
[5] Roger S. Pressman, Software Engineering, sixth edition, McGraw.Hill Higher Education, 2005
[6] Tyler Mitchell. Web Mapping Illustrated Using Open Source GIS Toolkits. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2005
[7] http://dngp.umac.org/newdngp372/index.php
[8] Jing Wang. A Web Based GIS Database System:【Master dissertation】. Grand Forks ND USA: University of North Dakota, 2005
[9] Kalpesh Raicha. A Content Delivery Method and Context-Sensitive User Interface for a Web-Enabled Geographic Information System.【Master dissertation】. Grand Forks ND USA: University of North Dakota, 2006
[10] Schuyler Erle, Rich Gibson, Jo Walsh. Mapping Hacks Tips & Tools for Electronic Cartography. O'Reilly Media, Inc. 2005.
[11] Sanjay R. Topological Data Structures for Surfaces: An application to Geograhpical Information Science. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2004, PP.63-83.
[12] Stewart F.,Peter R. Spatial Analysis and GIS. Bristol PA USA: Taylor & Francis Inc, 1994, PP.166-217.
[13] Michael N. Demers. Fundamentals of Geographic Information Systems (Third Edition).New York: Wiley, 2005, PP.129-181.
[14] Ghezzi, Carlo, Jazayeri, Mehdi, Mandrioli, Dino, Fundamentals of Software Engineering, second edition, Prentice Hall, 2002.
[15] Paul Ramsey. The State of Open Source GIS. Refractions Research Inc.2007
[16] http://www.gdal.org/.
[17] http://mapserver.org/
[18] Bill Kropla. Beginning MapServer Open Source GIS Development. New York : Apress. 2005
[19] http://www.postgresql.org/
[20] http://postgis.refractions.net/
[21] http://trac.osgeo.org/geotiff/.
[22]谢文君,孟令奎,黄长青,支晓林,陈小丰.一种基于XML的WebGIS研究与实现.地理空间信息, 2006, 4(2):58-60.
[23]朱秋萍,李艳梅,李永茂,茹国宝.一种基于WebGIS的导航系统的设计与实现.武汉大学学报(自然科学版),2000,46(3),381-384.
[24] Geoffrey Anderson,Rafael Moreno-Sanchez. Building Web-Based Spatial Information Solutions around Open Specifications and Open Source Software.Transactions in GIS,2003,7(4):477-466.
[25] Roger S. Pressman Software Engineering, sixth edition, McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2005.
[26] Kris Kolodziej. OpenGIS Web Map Server Cookbook. Open GIS Consortium Inc. 2003
[27] David Sklar, Learning PHP 5, 2004.
[28] Yosef C. Javascript Cookbook. Yew York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.PP.65-533.
[29] Danny Goodman, Javascript Bible, 3rd edition, 1998.
[30] Zak Greant, Graeme Merrall, Torben Wilson, and Brett Michlitsch (2002). PHP Functions Essential Reference, first edition, New Riders, 2002.
[31] David Flannagan. JavaScript: The Definitive Guide (Second Edition). O'Reilly & Associates, 1997, PP.356-502.
[32] http://www.php.net/
[33] http://www.apache.org/
[34] David A. and Michael Z. Designing Geodatabases : CaseStudies in GIS Data Modeling. Redlands CA USA : ESRI, 2004, PP.208-306.
[35] Remez Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, Third Edition, 2000.
[36] J. Allison Butler, Kenneth J. Dueker. A Primer on GIS-T Databases. Portland OR USA: Portland State University, 2000, PP.113-500
[37] Bruce Momjian. PostgreSQL Introduction and Concepts. Boston : Addison Wesley, 2000, PP.336-527.
[38] John E. Harmon, Steven J. Aderson. The Design and Implementation of Geographic Information Systems. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 2003.
[39] Melita Kennedy, Steve Kopp. Understanding Map Projections. GIS by ESRI. 2000, PP.133-151.
[40] John P. Snyder. Map Projection– A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. United State Government Printing Office, Washington, 1987, PP.113-158.
[41] W. Jason Gilmore and Robert H. Treat. Beginning PHP and PostgreSQL 8 From Novice to Professional. New York: Apress. 2006.
[42] Neil Matthew, Richard Stones. Beginning Databases with PostgreSQL From Novice to Professional, Second Edition. New York: Apress. 2005.
[43] Yannis Manolopoulos, Apostolos N. Papadopoulos, Michael Gr. Vassilakopoulos.Spatial Databases: Technologies, Techniques and Trends. London: IDEA group Publishing. 2005.
[44] Albert K.W. Yeung, G.Brent All. Spatial Database Systems: Design, Implementation and Project Management. Canada : Springer. 2007.
[45] M. A. Brovelli , D. Magni. An archaeological Web GIS Application Based on Mapserver and PostGIS. The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, 2003, XXXIV, 89-92.
[46] Bruce Momjian. PostgreSQL: Introduction and Concepts. Boston : Addison Wesley, 2001.
[47] Suzana dragicevic,Shivanand Balram.A. WEB GIS Collaborative Framework to Structure and Manage Distributed Planning Process. Journal of Geograph System, 2004, 6:133-153.
[48] Vivek Sehgal, Lise Getoor, Peter D. Viec hnicki. Entity Resolution in Geospatial Data Integration. ACM-GIS Conference, Arlington, Virginia, USA, 10-11 Nov. 2006, 83-90.
[49] A. Saafeld. Conflation-automated Map Compilation. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 1988, 2(3):217-228.
[50] A. Samal, S. Seth, and K. Cueto. A Feature Based Approach to Conflation of Geospatial Sources. International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 2004, 18:1-31.
[51] C. Beeri, Y. Kanza, E. Safra, and Y. Sagiv. Object Fusion inGeographic Information Systems. In International Conference on Very Large Data Bases,2004.
[52] Menno-Jan Kraak. The role of the map in a Web-GIS environment. Journal of Geograph System,2004, 6:83-89.